Because the Catholic Church, other Christian churches, and almost every national government permit exceptions to God's commandment that "you shall not kill," Johannes Ude examines Catholic moral law to discern whether this commandment has absolute validity or may be modified so that in certain instances it is permissible to kill another human being. Written clandestinely during the Hitler regime, the book examines the generally accepted Catholic teachings of moral theologians and philosophers and finds that while they almost always reject abortion, suicide, sterilization, and the killing of terminally ill or mentally disabled persons, they justify the death penalty and "just defensive" wars. Ude concludes that because Christ commanded to love one's neighbors, including one's enemies, "You shall not kill" does not permit any exceptions and denies not only the right but especially the duty of self-defense, and, consequently, repudiates all wars. Ude firmly believes that the highest authority of the Catholic Church must forbid its members to fight in wars. He vehemently opposes the taking of interest (usury) and names capitalism a major cause of war, along with the weapons industry, competition for oil, and the complicity of Christian churches.
Nineteenth- and twentieth-century Russian religious intellectuals devoted a great deal of attention to the concept of agape, or Divine Love, arguing that the Christian church is a reflection of the triune, self-sacrificing God and his love for all of creation. On account of their deliberations, these intellectuals played a key role in mediating between the Orthodox Church and modern society. Their quest for dialogue between the 'mystery of the sacred' and the 'ordinary of everyday life' remains relevant for Western societies today. In God as Love Johannes Oravecz presents a comprehensive summation of twenty-five prominent Russian religious thinkers and their thought on the concept of agape, showing in detail how they broke new ground in their various affirmations of the truth that God is love. No other book in any language treats this topic with such breadth and depth.
The problem of cultural conflict in congregations has been a serious challenge to the church throughout its history. Many approaches to tackling the problem of cultural intolerance and tensions have been quite pragmatic in nature, without the presence of a solid biblical foundation or pastoral model. In this book Paul's approach as a slave-leader, emptying himself in analogy of Christ's own kenosis, is thoroughly discussed and posed as a biblical approach and solution to handling this very complex and contentious issue in churches, especially in the context of Botswana. Dissertation. (Series: Theology in Africa, Vol. 7) [Subject: Religious Studies, Christanity Studies]
This volume is a sustained exercise in the genre of secondary literature which aims at explaining a literary work as much as possible in and through the author's own words. A crucial passage in direct speech by different speakers from the History of Herodotus, the earliest long Greek prose text, has been made the object of a systematic effort to distill and analyse the linguistic characteristics relevant to its interpretation, by confronting it with the rest of the work as well as with earlier and contemporary writings. This is done with the primary aim of placing the interpretation of a major author on the firmest ground available, the author's ipsissimi verba. The result, made accessible by full indexes, will prove helpful to readers of any part of Herodotus' History.
Presenting a thorough analysis of the Dutch participation in the transatlantic slave trade, this book is based upon extensive research in Dutch archives. The book examines the whole range of Dutch involvement in the Atlantic slave trade from the beginning of the 1600s to the nineteenth century.
Most problems encountered in practice involve the optimization of multiple criteria. Usually, some of them are conflicting such that no single solution is simultaneously optimal with respect to all criteria, but instead many incomparable compromise solutions exist. In recent years, evidence has accumulated showing that Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) are effective means of finding good approximate solutions to such problems. One of the crucial parts of EAs consists of repeatedly selecting suitable solutions. In this process, the two key issues are as follows: first, a solution that is better than another solution in all objectives should be preferred over the latter. Second, the diversity of solutions should be supported, whereby often user preference dictates what constitutes a good diversity.The hypervolume offers one possibility to achieve the two aspects; for this reason, it has been gaining increasing importance in recent years. The present thesis investigates three central topics of the hypervolume that are still unsolved:1: Although more and more EAs use the hypervolume as selection criterion, the resulting distribution of points favored by the hypervolume has scarcely been investigated so far. Many studies only speculate about this question, and in parts contradict one another.2: The computational load of the hypervolume calculation sharply increases the more criteria are considered. This hindered so far the application of the hypervolume to problems with more than about five criteria.3: Often a crucial aspect is to maximize the robustness of solutions, which is characterized by how far the properties of a solution can degenerate when implemented in practice. So far, no attempt has been made to consider robustness of solutions within hypervolume-based search.
Aristotle's Topics is about dialectic, which can be understood as a debate between two people or the inner debate of one thinker with himself. Its purposes range from philosophical training to discovering the first principles of thought. Its arguments concern the four predicables (definition, property, genus and accident). Aristotle explains how these four fit into his ten categories, and in Book 1 begins to outline strategies for debate, such as the definition of ambiguity. Alexander's commentary on Book 1 discusses how to define Aristotelian syllogistic argument, why it stands up against the rival Stoic theory of interference, and what is the character of inductive interference and of rhetorical argument. He distinguishes inseparable accidents such as the whiteness of snow from defining differentiae such as its being frozen, and considers how these fit into the scheme of categories. He speaks of dialectic as a stochastic discipline in which success is to be judged not by victory but by skill in argument, a view parallel to that sometimes taken in antiquity of medical practice. And he investigates the subject of ambiguity which had also been richly developed since Aristotle by the rival Stoic school.
Originated from a small workshop on the question of how image motion is processed under natural conditions that was held in 1997 at the Institute of Advanced Studies of the Australian National University in Canberra."--Pref.
This is the only book that teaches all aspects of modern mathematical modeling and that is specifically designed to introduce undergraduate students to problem solving in the context of biology. Included is an integrated package of theoretical modeling and analysis tools, computational modeling techniques, and parameter estimation and model validation methods, with a focus on integrating analytical and computational tools in the modeling of biological processes. Divided into three parts, it covers basic analytical modeling techniques; introduces computational tools used in the modeling of biological problems; and includes various problems from epidemiology, ecology, and physiology. All chapters include realistic biological examples, including many exercises related to biological questions. In addition, 25 open-ended research projects are provided, suitable for students. An accompanying Web site contains solutions and a tutorial for the implementation of the computational modeling techniques. Calculations can be done in modern computing languages such as Maple, Mathematica, and MATLAB?.
The discovery of superconductivity at 30 K by Bednorz and Müller in 1986 ignited an explosion of interest in high temperature superconductivity. The initial development rapidly evolved into an intensive worldwide research effort — which still persists after more than a decade — to understand the phenomenon of cuprate superconductivity, to search for ways to raise the transition temperature and to produce materials which have the potential for technological applications.During the past decade of research on this subject, significant progress has been made on both the fundamental science and technological application fronts. A great deal of experimental data is now available on the cuprates, and various properties have been well characterized using high quality single crystals and thin films. Despite this enormous research effort, however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for superconductivity in the cuprates are still open to question.This book offers an understanding from the phase transition point of view, surveys and identifies thermal and quantum fluctuation effects, identifies material-independent universal properties and provides constraints for the microscopic description of the various phenomena. The text is presented in a format suitable for use in a graduate level course.
At the fundamental level, the interactions of elementary particles are described by quantum gauge field theory. The quantitative implications of these interactions are captured by scattering amplitudes, traditionally computed using Feynman diagrams. In the past decade tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of and computational abilities with regard to scattering amplitudes in gauge theories, going beyond the traditional textbook approach. These advances build upon on-shell methods that focus on the analytic structure of the amplitudes, as well as on their recently discovered hidden symmetries. In fact, when expressed in suitable variables the amplitudes are much simpler than anticipated and hidden patterns emerge. These modern methods are of increasing importance in phenomenological applications arising from the need for high-precision predictions for the experiments carried out at the Large Hadron Collider, as well as in foundational mathematical physics studies on the S-matrix in quantum field theory. Bridging the gap between introductory courses on quantum field theory and state-of-the-art research, these concise yet self-contained and course-tested lecture notes are well-suited for a one-semester graduate level course or as a self-study guide for anyone interested in fundamental aspects of quantum field theory and its applications. The numerous exercises and solutions included will help readers to embrace and apply the material present ed in the main text.
This important philosophical statement by an eminent scientist is written with such clarity and directness, and derives from so broad a humanistic perspective, that the thoughtful reader will find it as rewarding as it is instructive. The author's purpose in this undertaking is to: "...outline a system of thought in which notions or values can find a place along with the ideas of causal relationships that are applied in the physical sciences. The essential doctrine of this system, which is taken from the metaphysical picture developed by Alfred North Whitehead... is the assumption that, in every act occurring in the universe, experience derived from that which has gone before is integrated with conceptions concerning possibilities in the future." Analyzing and extending Whitehead's picture, Dr. Burgers argues that the physical view of causality in itself is too restrictive for a general description of the universe, and is valid only for those phenomena where values are irrelevant. His concern is to introduce the entire panorama with its complementary physical and conceptual aspects in such a way that a wider view of causality is obtained, whereby an opening is found for the explanation of life. The author points out that the concept of "organism" implies "purpose," and is thus not amenable to complete description in the terms of molecular biology. Although most evolutionary steps are the result of unplanned chance effects, the recognition and conception of future possibilities are factors in the evolutionary trend: "The existence of matter is the result of persistent repetition of certain patterns. Matter is a set of habits of the universe; it is these habits which are studied in physics. [But] life is more than habit: it is the coordination of spontaneity... a struggle against mere randomness.... "It is the key of the philosophy here presented to consider expectations and valuations not as accidental by-products of physical states of matter, but as essential forms of functioning.
The study of the avian chondrocranium began in 1866 with W.K. Parker's "On the structure and development of the skull in the ostrich tribe". With this and other excellent papers, W.K. Parker (1866, 1869, 1875, 1876) laid the foundation for the study of the bird's skull. W.K. Parker's work was continued by T.J. Parker (1888, 1891), who investigated the skull of Apteryx. Apart from the studies of the Parkers, the most important contribution to the study of the development of the bird's skull published before 1900 is Suschkin's (1899) excellent and detailed account of Tinnunculus. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Sonies (1907) made a further contribution with his study on the development of the chondrocrania of Anas and Gallus. The first major work to appear after that of Sonies was De Beer and Barr ington's (1934) study on the segmentation and chondrification of the skull of Anas. This was an important contribution, because they not only standardized the nomenclature but also compared the avian chondrocranium with that of reptiles and mammals and discussed morphological problems on the basis of these comparisons.
A pioneering and innovative analysis of how the social organization of talent and the mobility of talent shape entrepreneurial activity, the spread of organizational innovations, the incidence of mergers and acquisitions and the demise of organizations. A must read for students of organizations, strategy and human resource management. Hayagreeva Rao, Stanford University, US In this book, Pennings and Wezel address a neglected topic in organizational theory: the links between individual behaviors and organizational outcomes. Their study. . . demonstrates how individual careers affect organizational founding, competitiveness, and survival, and provides rich insights on the role of human capital in professional partnerships. It offers a new perspective backed by solid reasoning and evidence. Henrich R. Greve, Norwegian School of Management, Norway The authors of this fascinating and original work contend that by analysing the conduct of organization members, a great deal can be learnt about firm behaviour and about the cooperative and competitive forces that underlie industry evolution. The empirical chapters in this volume are preceded by a conceptual overview of macro-organizational theories that explicitly bring in the role of individual actions. A rich set of studies carried out in the Dutch accounting sector is used to illustrate that changes in competitive positioning and behaviour are triggered by employee actions including advancement and defection to competitors. New insights on entrepreneurship, mergers and acquisitions and organizational dissolution further develop the multi-level focus of the set of studies presented here. The book aims at stimulating intellectual debate on the role of migration of human and social capital through inter-firm mobility and will provide a fascinating read for academics, researchers, students and practitioners with an interest in organizational theory, strategic management and human resource management.
Work, organizational, and business psychology is an applied empirical science and occupational field. Written by 20 leading experts in this area, the chapters in this book provide a comprehensive overview of classic and contemporary theories, methods, and findings. Topics include individual differences and performance, vocational choices and career development, the work-nonwork interface, work stress and well-being, occupational safety, positive and counterproductive work behavior, work analysis and work design, personnel selection and development, work attitudes and motivation, negotiation, leadership, teams, entrepreneurship, and organizational development. The book provides a thorough introduction to work, organizational, and business psychology for students in Bachelor and Master programs at universities and universities of applied sciences. It also provides a useful resource for lecturers as well as practitioners in companies and other organizations
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