Johannes Eugster's Books

Sizing Up the Effects of Technological Decoupling

By: Diego A. Cerdeiro,Rui Mano,Johannes Eugster,Mr. Dirk V Muir,Mr. Shanaka J Peiris

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Sizing Up the Effects of Technological Decoupling

By: Diego A. Cerdeiro,Rui Mano,Johannes Eugster,Mr. Dirk V Muir,Mr. Shanaka J Peiris

This paper proposes channels through which technological decoupling can affect global growth, and embeds these different layers in a global dynamic macroeconomic model. Multiple scenarios are considered that differ along two dimensions: (i) the coalition of countries (hubs) that initiate the decoupling, and (ii) whether non-hub countries are also forced to decouple via ‘preferential attachment’ – i.e. by aligning themselves with the hub they trade most with. All global technology hubs lose across scenarios, and losses are largest under preferential attachment. Smaller countries with relations that straddle multiple hubs generally lose, whereas those whose trade is heavily concentrated with one hub may gain due to reduced competition under some scenarios. Technological fragmentation can lead to losses in the order of 5 percent of GDP for many economies.

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International Monetary Fund

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ISBN 10

1513572679

ISBN 13

9781513572673

The Impact of Environmental Policy on Innovation in Clean Technologies

By: Johannes Eugster

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The Impact of Environmental Policy on Innovation in Clean Technologies

By: Johannes Eugster

This paper studies the effect of climate change mitigating policies on innovation in clean energy technologies. Results suggest that the tightening of environmental policies since the early 1990s have made a statistically and economically significant contribution to the increase in clean innovation. These effects generally materialized quickly, within 2 to 3 years of the policy change, and were driven by individually significant marginal effects of both market-based policies – such as feed-in tariffs and trading schemes – as well as non-market policies, such as R&D subsidies or emission limits. Looking at electricity innovation in particular, the paper finds that the estimated effect on total innovation is positive on net, meaning that increased innovation in clean and grey technologies is not offset by a decrease in innovation in dirty technologies. From a policy point of view, the paper’s results call for strong policy efforts to decisively shift innovation towards clean technologies.

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International Monetary Fund

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ISBN 10

1513589938

ISBN 13

9781513589930

International Knowledge Spillovers

By: Johannes Eugster,Giang Ho,Ms.Florence Jaumotte,Mr.Roberto Piazza

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International Knowledge Spillovers

By: Johannes Eugster,Giang Ho,Ms.Florence Jaumotte,Mr.Roberto Piazza

How important is foreign knowledge for domestic innovation outcomes? How is this relation shaped by globalization and the attendant intensification of international competition? Our empirical approach extends the previous literature by analyzing a large panel comprising industries in both advanced and emerging economies over the past two decades. We find that barriers to the domestic diffusion of foreign knowledge have fallen significantly for emerging economies. For all countries, and especially for emerging economies, inflows of foreign knowledge have a growing and quantitatively important impact on domestic innovation. Controlling for the amount of domestic R&D, we find evidence that increases in international competitive pressure at the industry level had a positive effect on domestic innovation outcomes

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International Monetary Fund

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ISBN 10

1484385063

ISBN 13

9781484385067

Product Market Deregulation and Growth

New Country-Industry-Level Evidence

By: Romain Bouis,Mr.Romain A Duval,Johannes Eugster

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Product Market Deregulation and Growth

New Country-Industry-Level Evidence

By: Romain Bouis,Mr.Romain A Duval,Johannes Eugster

The paper investigates the economic effects of major product market reforms in some of the historically most protected non-manufacturing industries. It relies on a unique mapping between new annual data on reform shocks and sector-level outcomes for five network industries (electricity and gas, land transport, air transport, postal services, and telecommunications) in twenty-six countries spanning over three decades. The use of a threedimensional panel and careful instrumentation of reform shocks using external instruments enables us to control for economy-wide macroeconomic shocks and address possible sources of omitted variable bias more broadly. Using a local projection method, we find that major reductions in barriers to entry yield large increases in output and labor productivity over a five-year horizon, concomitant with a relative price decline. By contrast, there is only a weak positive effect on sectoral employment, and investment is essentially unaffected, suggesting that output gains from reform primarily reflect higher total factor productivity. It takes some time for these gains to materialize: effects become statistically significant two to three years after the reform, as prices start dropping, and productivity and output increase significantly. However, there is no evidence of any negative short-term cost from reform, including under weak macroeconomic conditions. These findings provide a clear case for intensifying product market reform efforts in advanced economies at the current juncture of weak growth.

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International Monetary Fund

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ISBN 10

1484385020

ISBN 13

9781484385029

The Systemic Impact of Debt Default in a Multilayered Global Network Model

By: Mr. Nathan Porter,Mr. Camilo E Tovar Mora,Mr. Juan P Trevino,Johannes Eugster,Theofanis Papamichalis

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The Systemic Impact of Debt Default in a Multilayered Global Network Model

By: Mr. Nathan Porter,Mr. Camilo E Tovar Mora,Mr. Juan P Trevino,Johannes Eugster,Theofanis Papamichalis

The world has become more interconnected over the past few decades. Against this backdrop, economic and financial contagion following adverse shocks can have a severe impact on the global economy. How systemic can the effects of contagion be? What specific transmission channels are involved? What is their relative importance? We address these questions using a multilayered global network model of contagion that simulates the impact of sovereign debt default on the global economy. We also develop a measure of global systemic risk and use bank stress testing techniques to quantify the systemic impact of the shock and the extent of contagion on the global economy. Our model shows that economic and financial contagion are highly non-linear, and many bystander economies can experience significant negative effects as the initial default is spread through the network. This suggests that many economies might be systemically more important than what conventional measures of size or openness might suggest.

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International Monetary Fund

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ISBN 13

9798400218712

The Effect of Tariffs in Global Value Chains

By: Johannes Eugster,Ms. Florence Jaumotte,Ms. Margaux MacDonald,Mr. Roberto Piazza

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The Effect of Tariffs in Global Value Chains

By: Johannes Eugster,Ms. Florence Jaumotte,Ms. Margaux MacDonald,Mr. Roberto Piazza

This paper empirically investigates the impact of tariffs when production is organized in global value chains. Using global input-output matrices, we construct four different tariff measures that capture the direct and indirect exposure to tariffs at different stages of the production chain for a broad set of countries and industries. Our results suggest that tariffs have significant effects on economic outcomes, including on countries and sectors not directly targeted. We find that tariffs higher up and further down in the value chain depress value added, employment, labor productivity and total factor productivity to varying degrees. We find no benefits for the sector that enjoys additional protection, yet there is some evidence of economic activity being diverted, i.e. positive effects on value added and employment from tariffs imposed on competitors. Our paper relates to recent innovations in theoretical gravity models and provides an empirical assessment of possible long-term effects of recent trade tensions.

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International Monetary Fund

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ISBN 13

9798400201158

Petrogenesis and Experimental Petrology of Granitic Rocks

By: Wilhelm Johannes,Francois Holtz

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Petrogenesis and Experimental Petrology of Granitic Rocks

By: Wilhelm Johannes,Francois Holtz

There are several books emphasizing the mineralogical and petrological aspects of granites, but this book is the only one emphasizing the experimental aspects.

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348

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

3642610498

ISBN 13

9783642610493

World Spice Plants

Economic Usage, Botany, Taxonomy

By: Johannes Seidemann

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World Spice Plants

Economic Usage, Botany, Taxonomy

By: Johannes Seidemann

The many spice and aromatic plants are arranged in alphabetical order of their botanical relevance. It includes all species which have been cultivated for the above purposes. It also covers species whose usage has long ceased or which are used only rarely or have become wild. In total over 1400 plants have been collated. The register of literature has been designed to facilitate the study of a specific plant or spice. Works both on botany and agriculture, and on chemistry, pharmacodynamics and usage have been considered.

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632

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Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

3540222790

ISBN 13

9783540222798

Golden Aging

Prospects for Healthy, Active, and Prosperous Aging in Europe and Central Asia

By: Maurizio Bussolo,Johannes Koettl,Emily Sinnott

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Golden Aging

Prospects for Healthy, Active, and Prosperous Aging in Europe and Central Asia

By: Maurizio Bussolo,Johannes Koettl,Emily Sinnott

Societies across Europe and Central Asia are aging, but people are not necessarily living longer. This demographic trend-caused by a decrease in fertility rather than improved longevity-presents both challenges and opportunities for governments, the private sector, and individuals alike. Some of the challenges are well known. Output per capita becomes smaller if it is shared with an increasingly larger group of dependent older people. At a certain point, there may not be sufficient resources to maintain the living standards of this older group, especially if rising expenditures on health care, long-term care, and pensions must be financed through the contributions and taxes paid by ever-smaller younger age groups. Working adults also contribute the most to the pool of savings. As the size of this group shrinks, savings will decline. But these challenges can be transformed into opportunities. Consider these examples: As longevity increases, workers tend to stay in the workforce longer, and, with the right incentives, they will increase their savings. Many current workers, and perhaps even more in the future, will thus not necessarily become dependent once they turn 65. And with slower population growth and smaller young age groups, societies will have an opportunity to improve the quality of education and maintain productivity. Firms in some countries are already adapting by capitalizing on skills that appreciate with age. Cardiovascular diseases account for more than half the difference in life expectancy (above age 50) between the region and Western Europe for men and 75 percent of the corresponding difference for women. Healthier behavior and health systems focused on preventive care could, with no cost increase, dramatically reduce this risk. These opportunities are not to be missed. As populations age, public discourse ranges from concerns about economic decline and fiscal sustainability of pensions and health systems to optimism about opportunities for healthier and more productive aging. The main contribution of Golden Aging is perhaps to show that demography and its consequences are not fixed. Much will depend on how people, firms, and societies adapt and how policy makers and institutions facilitate their behavioral adjustments. The future for Europe and Central Asia does not have to be gray-it can be a golden era of healthy, active, and prosperous aging.

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363

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World Bank Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

1464803544

ISBN 13

9781464803543

Biofouling of Membrane Systems

By: Szilárd Bucs,Joop Kruithof,Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht,Johannes Simon Vrouwenvelder

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Biofouling of Membrane Systems

By: Szilárd Bucs,Joop Kruithof,Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht,Johannes Simon Vrouwenvelder

Because of the uneven distribution of fresh water in time and space and the increasing human population, a large number of regions are experiencing water scarcity and stress. Membrane-based desalination technologies like reverse osmosis have the potential to solve the fresh water crisis in coastal areas. However, in many cases membrane performance is restricted by biofouling. Biofouling of Membrane Systems gives a comprehensive overview on the state of the art strategies to control biofouling in spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane systems and point to possible future research directions. Despite the fact that much research and development has been done to overcome biofouling in spiral wound membrane systems used for water treatment, biofouling is still a major practical problem causing performance decline and increased energy demand. Biofouling of Membrane Systems is divided into three sections including modelling and numerical analysis, non-destructive characterization and feed spacer geometry optimization. It focuses on the development of biomass in the feed channel of the membrane module and its effect on pressure drop and hydrodynamics. This book can be used to develop an integral strategy to control biofouling in spiral wound membrane systems. An overview of several potential complementary approaches to solve biofouling is given and an integrated approach for biofouling control and feed spacer design is proposed.

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