Based on three case studies from the Middle East, The Land beyond the Border advances an innovative theoretical framework for the study of state expansions and state contractions. Johannes Becke argues that state expansion can be theorized according to four basic ideal types—a form of patronage (patronization), the imposition of a satellite regime (satellization), the establishment of territorial exclaves (exclavization), or a full-fledged takeover (incorporation). Becke discusses how both irredentist ideologies and political realities have shaped the dynamics of state expansion and state contraction in the recent history of each state. By studying Israel comparatively with other Middle Eastern regimes, this book forms part of an emerging research agenda seeking to bring the research fields of Israel Studies and Middle East Studies closer together. Instead of treating Israel's rule over the occupied territories as an isolated case, Becke offers students the chance to understand Israel's settlement project within the broader framework of postcolonial state formation.
Based on three case studies from the Middle East, The Land beyond the Border advances an innovative theoretical framework for the study of state expansions and state contractions. Johannes Becke argues that state expansion can be theorized according to four basic ideal types—a form of patronage (patronization), the imposition of a satellite regime (satellization), the establishment of territorial exclaves (exclavization), or a full-fledged takeover (incorporation). Becke discusses how both irredentist ideologies and political realities have shaped the dynamics of state expansion and state contraction in the recent history of each state. By studying Israel comparatively with other Middle Eastern regimes, this book forms part of an emerging research agenda seeking to bring the research fields of Israel Studies and Middle East Studies closer together. Instead of treating Israel's rule over the occupied territories as an isolated case, Becke offers students the chance to understand Israel's settlement project within the broader framework of postcolonial state formation.
Inspired by recent efforts to understand the dynamics of the early modern witch hunt, Johannes Dillinger has produced a powerful synthesis based on careful comparisons. Narrowing his focus to two specific regions—Swabian Austria and the Electorate of Trier—he provides a nuanced explanation of how the tensions between state power and communalism determined the course of witch hunts that claimed over 1,300 lives in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Germany. Dillinger finds that, far from representing the centralizing aggression of emerging early states against local cultures, witch hunts were almost always driven by members of the middling and lower classes in cities and villages, and they were stopped only when early modern states acquired the power to control their localities. Situating his study in the context of a pervasive magical worldview that embraced both orthodox Christianity and folk belief, Dillinger shows that, in some cases, witch trials themselves were used as magical instruments, designed to avert threats of impending divine wrath. "Evil People" describes a two-century evolution in which witch hunters who liberally bestowed the label "evil people" on others turned into modern images of evil themselves. In the original German, "Evil People" won the Friedrich Spee Award as an outstanding contribution to the history of witchcraft.
The diversities, the names, the natures, and the properties. Originally written and published in 1576, this is a reprint of the earliest known work on dog breeds. Translated from the original Latin, it lists all the dog breeds of the time and charts their type and development. As the only known work from the period it is of great significance. The forebears of all modern breeds can clearly be seen in the names and types of dogs described, as can many breeds that are now lost forever. Listed within: Harriers, Terriers, Bloodhounds, Gazehounds, Leviners, Tumblers, Land Spaniels, Water Spaniels, Setters, Gentle Spaniel, Comforter Shepherd's Dog, Mastiff, Bandog Wap, Warner, Turnspit, Dancer.
A probing examination of the dynamic history of predictive methods and values in science and engineering that helps us better understand today’s cultures of prediction. The ability to make reliable predictions based on robust and replicable methods is a defining feature of the scientific endeavor, allowing engineers to determine whether a building will stand up or where a cannonball will strike. Cultures of Prediction, which bridges history and philosophy, uncovers the dynamic history of prediction in science and engineering over four centuries. Ann Johnson and Johannes Lenhard identify four different cultures, or modes, of prediction in the history of science and engineering: rational, empirical, iterative-numerical, and exploratory-iterative. They show how all four develop together and interact with one another while emphasizing that mathematization is not a single unitary process but one that has taken many forms. The story is not one of the triumph of abstract mathematics or technology but of how different modes of prediction, complementary concepts of mathematization, and technology coevolved, building what the authors call “cultures of prediction.” The first part of the book examines prediction from early modernity up to the computer age. The second part probes computer-related cultures of prediction, which focus on making things and testing their performance, often in computer simulations. This new orientation challenges basic tenets of the philosophy of science, in which scientific theories and models are predominantly seen as explanatory rather than predictive. It also influences the types of research projects that scientists and engineers undertake, as well as which ones receive support from funding agencies.
The present volume finalizes the coverage of organocopper compounds. A complete formula and ligand index for the Gmelin organocopper series will appear shortly as" Organa copper Compounds" 5. The volume describes mononuclear compounds with ligands bonded by two or more carbon atoms as well as all di- to octanuclear and polymeric compounds. Mononuclear compounds with ligands bonded by one carbon atom have already been described in Vol umes 1 (published in 1985), 2 (published in 1983), and 3 (published in 1986). As structural elucidation in organocopper chemistry gained more attention only in the last few years, the terms "mononuclear", "dinuclear" etc. have been used as explained in "Organocopper Compounds" 1, 1985, pp. 3/4: all compounds are treated with their small est formula unit unless a higher nuclearity has been proved. As a consequence, most of the species treated in volumes 1 to 3 are described there because of insufficient structural information although they are alleged not to be monomeric. This way, many of the better characterized compounds appear in the present volume which is reflected by the more than eighty X-ray structure figures. Generally, nuclearity and structure are not only deter mined by the coordination properties of the ligands, but also by steric requirements, and may therefore widely differ for analogous compounds. For abbreviations and dimensions used throughout this volume, see p. X. Frankfurt am Main, July 1987 Johannes Fussel Remarks on Abbreviations and Dimensions Most compounds and reagents in this volume are presented in tables.
A straightforward, step-by-step introduction to clear and elegant object-oriented programming. Using a language that's perfect for this kind of programming, the book has been tested in numerous courses and workshops over ten years. Programming Smalltalk is particularly suited for readers with no prior programming knowledge. Starting from the first principles of programming, it teaches you how to use and create algorithms (reusable rules for problem-solving) and the basic building blocks of software. It goes on to explain how to develop complete applications and has a whole chapter on web applications as well as case studies. Now translated into English, this edition was completely revised to be consistent with the latest version of Cincom® VisualWorks®, a professional Smalltalk environment. All examples were created using VisualWorks, which is available without cost for educational purposes, and can be downloaded and installed on any up-to-date computer.
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