Through further technological development and increased globalization, conducting busines abroad has become easier, especially for Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). However, the legal issues associated with international commerce have not lessened in complexity, including the role of non-state rules. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of non-state rules in international commercial contracts. Non-state rules have legal authority in the national and international sphere, but the key question is how this legal authority can be understood and established. To answer this question this book examines first what non-state rules are and how their legal authority can be measured, it then analyses how non-state rules are applied in different scenarios, including as the applicable law, as a source of law, or to interpret either the law or the contract. Throughout this analysis three other important questions are also answered: when can non-state rules be applied? when are they applied? and how are they applied? The book concludes with a framework and classification that leads to a deeper understanding of the legal authority of non-state rules. Providing a transnational perspective on this important topic, this book will appeal to anyone researching international commercial law. It will also be a valuable resource for arbitrators and anyone working in international commercial litigation.
This book discusses the principles and rules of general contract law in England & Wales. It examines the key points and rules of contract law, starting with the formation of the contract and ending with the remedies for breach of contract. In this it follows the structure most used in contract law modules at universities. Please also note that this book takes into account developments of the law up until July 2021. Contract law is a core module in legal higher education in the UK. Contract law is also an important basis for many other law modules including maritime law, company law, commercial law, and arbitration law. This book gives a clear oversight of the main issues of key contract law topics. It summarises the issues in a concise and precise manner and uses practical examples throughout to clarify how the law is applied. Key cases are used to explain and illustrate the principles of the law. This book is an ideal companion guide for exam revisions. The chapters follow a question-and-answer model that makes it easy to find information on a specific issue. The chapters end with a problem-solving scenario on key issues of the topic and a list with key cases which will be helpful in preparing for examinations. At the end of the book, you find a further reading list and a set of sample multiple-choice questions which can be used to help prepare for the first stage of the SQE examination that will be introduced in September 2021. “Contract Law is generally taught as a first-year subject which could be a daunting subject. This book helps students to revise this subject effectively as it brings together all key areas of contract law that a student should be familiar with when preparing for examinations, drafting coursework, and preparing for seminars. It examines the key points and rules of contract law, starting with the formation of the contract and ending with the remedies for breach of contract. The book is written in plain language in the form of questions and answers. It is detailed without being too long, succinct but covers all key cases and developments in the area. The multiple-choice questions at the end of the book are very beneficial for students preparing for the SQE and exams that follow a similar format. I would recommend this book wholeheartedly.” – Dr Aysem Diker Vanberg, Lecturer in Law, Goldsmiths, University of London CONTENTS: Abbreviations About the author Foreword CHAPTER I Introduction CHAPTER II Offer and Acceptance CHAPTER III Intentions to Create Legal Relations & Certainty CHAPTER IV Consideration & Promissory Estoppel CHAPTER V Rights of Third Parties CHAPTER VI Capacity CHAPTER VII Terms of the Contract CHAPTER VIII Exemption Clauses and Unfair Terms CHAPTER IX Duress and Undue Influence CHAPTER X Misrepresentation CHAPTER XI Mistake CHAPTER XII Frustration CHAPTER XIII Breach of Contract and Remedies SUMMARY: SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS ANSWERS RECOMMENDED READING LIST INDEX
The present volume, number 15 of the Acta Historiae Neerlandicae - which have been appearing since 1978 under the title The Low Countries History Yearbook - is the last of the series. Economic reasons force the publishers to discontinue it. This is a matter for regret. Both the editors of the Yearbook and the board of the Nederlands Historisch Genootschap, under the auspices of which it has been published, are con vinced that the books serve a useful purpose. We hope that in the future more favour able circumstances will enable Dutch and Flemish historians to start a second series. We feel, however, that the Yearbook should not be allowed to disappear com pletely. In our opinion, one of its most attractive features has been the 'Survey of recent historical works on Belgium and the Netherlands published in Dutch.' It is the intention of the Nederlands Historisch Genootschal'. to seek means to continue this in another form, probably in that of pamphlets appearing every two years and written by the same, or a similar, group of experts. In that way we may be able to provide a useful service to our colleagues abroad.
Dependent-Head Synthesis in Nivkh has been awarded a prize of the Offermann-Hergarten Donation at the University of Cologne in 2004. The endowments are granted for outstanding innovative and comprehensibly documented research.This book offers an innovative approach to three interlaced topics: A systematic analysis of the morphosyntatic organization of Nivkh (Paleosiberian); a cross-linguistic investigation of complex noun forms (parallel to complex (polysynthetic) verb forms); and a typology of polysynthesis. Nivkh (Gilyak) is linguistically remarkable because of its highly complex word forms, both verbs and nouns. They are formed productively from ad hoc concatenation of lexical roots in dependent head relations without further morphological marking: primary object predicate, attribute - noun, noun relational morpheme ("adposition"). After an in-depth examination of the wordhood of such complexes the morphological type of Nivkh is explored against the background of polysynthesis, noun incorporation, verb root serialization, noun complexes and head/dependent marking. For this purpose, a new delimitation and classification of polysynthesis is proposed on the basis of an evaluation of 75 languages. Besides contributing to a reconciliation of previous diametrically opposed approaches to polysynthesis, this study challenges some common preconceived notions with respect to how languages "should be".
This book discusses the principles and rules of general contract law in England & Wales. It examines the key points and rules of contract law, starting with the formation of the contract and ending with the remedies for breach of contract. In this it follows the structure most used in contract law modules at universities. Please also note that this book takes into account developments of the law up until July 2021. Contract law is a core module in legal higher education in the UK. Contract law is also an important basis for many other law modules including maritime law, company law, commercial law, and arbitration law. This book gives a clear oversight of the main issues of key contract law topics. It summarises the issues in a concise and precise manner and uses practical examples throughout to clarify how the law is applied. Key cases are used to explain and illustrate the principles of the law. This book is an ideal companion guide for exam revisions. The chapters follow a question-and-answer model that makes it easy to find information on a specific issue. The chapters end with a problem-solving scenario on key issues of the topic and a list with key cases which will be helpful in preparing for examinations. At the end of the book, you find a further reading list and a set of sample multiple-choice questions which can be used to help prepare for the first stage of the SQE examination that will be introduced in September 2021. “Contract Law is generally taught as a first-year subject which could be a daunting subject. This book helps students to revise this subject effectively as it brings together all key areas of contract law that a student should be familiar with when preparing for examinations, drafting coursework, and preparing for seminars. It examines the key points and rules of contract law, starting with the formation of the contract and ending with the remedies for breach of contract. The book is written in plain language in the form of questions and answers. It is detailed without being too long, succinct but covers all key cases and developments in the area. The multiple-choice questions at the end of the book are very beneficial for students preparing for the SQE and exams that follow a similar format. I would recommend this book wholeheartedly.” – Dr Aysem Diker Vanberg, Lecturer in Law, Goldsmiths, University of London CONTENTS: Abbreviations About the author Foreword CHAPTER I Introduction CHAPTER II Offer and Acceptance CHAPTER III Intentions to Create Legal Relations & Certainty CHAPTER IV Consideration & Promissory Estoppel CHAPTER V Rights of Third Parties CHAPTER VI Capacity CHAPTER VII Terms of the Contract CHAPTER VIII Exemption Clauses and Unfair Terms CHAPTER IX Duress and Undue Influence CHAPTER X Misrepresentation CHAPTER XI Mistake CHAPTER XII Frustration CHAPTER XIII Breach of Contract and Remedies SUMMARY: SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS ANSWERS RECOMMENDED READING LIST INDEX
Through further technological development and increased globalization, conducting busines abroad has become easier, especially for Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). However, the legal issues associated with international commerce have not lessened in complexity, including the role of non-state rules. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of non-state rules in international commercial contracts. Non-state rules have legal authority in the national and international sphere, but the key question is how this legal authority can be understood and established. To answer this question this book examines first what non-state rules are and how their legal authority can be measured, it then analyses how non-state rules are applied in different scenarios, including as the applicable law, as a source of law, or to interpret either the law or the contract. Throughout this analysis three other important questions are also answered: when can non-state rules be applied? when are they applied? and how are they applied? The book concludes with a framework and classification that leads to a deeper understanding of the legal authority of non-state rules. Providing a transnational perspective on this important topic, this book will appeal to anyone researching international commercial law. It will also be a valuable resource for arbitrators and anyone working in international commercial litigation.
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