On the 28th of August, 1749, at mid-day, as the clock struck twelve, I came into the world, at Frankfort-on-the-Maine. My horoscope was propitious: the sun stood in the sign of the Virgin, and had culminated for the day; Jupiter and Venus looked on him with a friendly eye, and Mercury not adversely; while Saturn and Mars kept themselves indifferent; the Moon alone, just full, exerted the power of her reflection all the more, as she had then reached her planetary hour. She opposed herself, therefore, to my birth, which could not be accomplished until this hour was passed. These good aspects, which the astrologers managed subsequently to reckon very auspicious for me, may have been the causes of my preservation; for, through the unskilfulness of the midwife, I came into the world as dead, and only alter various efforts was I enabled to see the light. This event, which had put our household into sore straits, turned to the advantage of my fellow-citizens, inasmuch as my grandfather, the Schultheiss[1], John Wolfgang Textor, took occasion from it to have an accoucheur established, and to introduce or revive the tuition of midwives, which may have done some good to those who were born after me.
This book is about the idea of the university in modern Germany. Its primary focus is how the Humboldtian tradition was transformed and how it gave direction to debates around higher education. By combining approaches from intellectual history, conceptual history and the history of knowledge, the study investigates the ways in which Humboldt’s ideas have been appropriated for various purposes in different historical contexts and epochs. Ultimately, it shows that Humboldt’s ideals are not timeless – they are historical phenomena and have always been determined by the predicaments and issues of the day. Nevertheless, many of the key concepts and fundamental ideas have endured throughout the twentieth century, though they have been interpreted in different ways.
The poet and part-time philosopher Johan Ludvig Heiberg published the first issue of his review Perseus, Journal for the Speculative Idea in June of 1837 as a part of his long-standing campaign to convert his Golden Age contemporaries to G.W.F. Hegel's philosophical system. The journal was created in large part as a result of a dispute that Heiberg had with the editorial board of the prestigious Maanedsskrift for Litteratur about an article that he had submitted. Feeling unfairly persecuted, Heiberg retracted his submission and resolved to found a new philosophical journal of his own, in which his controversial piece could be published. Thus Perseus was born. In his prefatory address to the journal's readers, Heiberg calls upon the Greek hero Perseus to be the champion for the cause of Hegelian idealism and to do battle with the pernicious Medusa of realism and empiricism. Although Heiberg's Hegelian review only appeared in two issues in 1837 and 1838, it was widely read and discussed among Danish students and intellectuals of the time. It was reviewed at length by the philosopher Frederik Christian Sibbern and satirized by Søren Kierkegaard in Prefaces. There can be no doubt that Heiberg's Perseus represents a landmark in Golden Age culture.
This book is about evolution, and what each of us, our self and our consciousness, really are. It highlights how evolution influences the human self and what we think of as our individual personalities, our souls. The theory of evolution, first conceived by Charles Darwin, has been described as the best idea ever conceptualised, and there is quite some truth in this! Still, there is much to discover in relation to evolution, including the scope of this theory for shedding light, often in unexpected ways, on some of the major questions of life. Are humans just another animal species? Are we really more intelligent than our forefathers? What is the connection between Nietzsche, Shakespeare, Hamlet and syphilis? Evolution and I discusses and sheds light on human knowledge and evolution from a range of perspectives including morals and ethics, sex and gender, religion, artificial intelligence, and microorganisms, with often surprising conclusions.
Fictionalism confronts the dual epistemological nature of education. In this book, Johan Dahlbeck argues that all education, at bottom, concerns a striving for truth initiated through fictions. This foundational aporia is then interrogated and made sense of via Hans Vaihinger’s philosophy of ‘as if’ and Spinoza’s peculiar form of exemplarism. Using a variety of fictional examples, Dahlbeck investigates the different dimensions of educational fictionalism, from teacher exemplarism to the basic educational fictions necessary for getting started in education in the first place. Fictionalism will be a valuable resource for anyone interested in the philosophical foundations of education.
Identifying the Mayan World Tree with the central axis of the cosmos, the author shows how evolution is not random • Shows how the evolution of the universe emanates from the cosmic Tree of Life • Explains the origin and evolution of biological life and consciousness and how this is directed Using recent findings within cosmology, coupled with his broad understanding of the Mayan Calendar, biologist Carl Johan Calleman offers a revolutionary and fully developed alternative to Darwin’s theory of biological evolution--and the theory of randomness that holds sway over modern science. He shows how the recently discovered central axis of the universe correlates with the Tree of Life of the ancients. This provides an entirely new context for physics in general and especially for the origin and evolution of life and suggests that we look upon ourselves as parts of a hierarchy of systems that are all interrelated and evolve in a synchronized way. Calleman’s research demonstrates that life did not just accidentally “pop up” on our planet, but that Earth was a place specifically tagged for this. He demonstrates how the Mayan Calendar describes different quantum states of the Tree of Life and presents a new explanation for the origin and evolution of consciousness. Calleman uses his scientific background in biology and cosmology to show that the idea of the Purposeful Universe is real. He explains not only how DNA but also entire organisms have emerged in the image of the Tree of Life, a theory that has wide-ranging consequences not only for medicine but also for the origin of sacred geometry and the human soul. With this new theory of biological evolution the divide between science and religion disappears.
As a preface to the present work, which, perhaps, more than another requires one, I adduce the letter of a friend, by which so serious an undertaking was occasioned. "We have now, my dear friend, collected the twelve parts of your poetical works, and on reading them through, find much that is known, much that is unknown; while much that had been forgotten is revived by this collection. These twelve volumes, standing before us, in uniform appearance, we cannot refrain from regarding as a whole; and one would like to sketch therefrom some image of the author and his talents. But it cannot be denied, considering the vigour with which he began his literary career, and the length of time which has since elapsed, that a dozen small volumes must appear incommensurate. Nor can one forget that, with respect to the detached pieces, they have mostly been called forth by special occasions, and reflect particular external objects, as well as distinct grades of inward culture; while it is equally clear, that temporary moral and esthetic maxims and convictions prevail in them. As a whole, however, these productions remain without connexion; nay, it is often difficult to believe that they emanate from one and the same writer. "Your friends, in the meantime, have not relinquished the inquiry, and try, as they become more closely acquainted with your mode of life and thought, to guess many a riddle, to solve many a problem; indeed, with the assistance of an old liking, and a connexion of many years? standing, they find a charm even in the difficulties which present themselves. Yet a little assistance here and there would not be unacceptable, and you cannot well refuse this to our friendly entreaties.
The only personal finance book you will ever need! It is never too late, or too early, to become more intentional about your finances. Unexpected life events can severely expose the financial vulnerability of individuals and households who are ill-prepared. Not having a comprehensive financial plan in place can cause severe, long-lasting, if not permanent, damage to your personal wealth and dreams of a carefree retirement. This book serves as a quick but comprehensive reference guide that provides the necessary insights into each area of your finances at every stage of your life. It will assist you with self-reflection checkpoints to avoid financial catastrophe due to unexpected economic challenges while maximising your wealth potential. It will help you to construct a sound personal financial plan with or without the assistance of a financial advisor and to identify your money personality, because only by understanding what money means to you will you be better able to manage it. Applying the principles contained in this guide is guaranteed to improve your chances of achieving your financial goals. It will assist you with living a life of purpose and meaning and to leave a lasting legacy as you travel financially secure along your life’s journey.
This book is a philosophical enquiry into the educational consequences of Spinoza’s political theory. Spinoza’s political theory is of particular interest for educational thought as it brings together the normative aims of his ethical theory with his realistic depiction of human psychology and the ramifications of this for successful political governance. As such, this book aims to introduce the reader to Spinoza’s original vision of civic education, as a project that ultimately aims at the ethical flourishing of individuals, while being carefully tailored and adjusted to the natural limitations of human reason. Readers will benefit from a succinct introduction to Spinoza’s political philosophy and from an account of civic education that is based on careful exegetical work. It draws conclusions only hinted at in Spinoza’s own writings.
Band 1 dieser im Jahre 1877 erstmals erschienen umfassenden und detailreichen Biografie über Johann Wolfgang Goethe erfasst den Zeitraum von 1749 bis 1786, also Kindheit, Jugend und die Weimarischen Lehrjahre. Das Werk besticht durch seine Authentizität. Band 2 befasst sich mit der Zeit von 1786 bis 1832, also mit den italienischen Reisejahren und dem Alterswerk.
Concepito inizialmente come novella da inserire negli Anni di Peregrinazione di Wilhelm Meister, ebbe poi forma di romanzo a sé stante, scritto in due riprese, tra aprile-luglio 1808 e aprile-agosto-1809 e pubblicato nell’ottobre del 1809. È frutto della piena maturità di Goethe, e al suo apparire destò un vero e diffuso sconcerto.
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