The Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) movement demonstrates how labour can self-organise production, and, as is shown by the free operating system GNU/Linux, even compete with some of the worlds largest firms. The book examines the hopes of such thinkers as Friedrich Schiller, Karl Marx, Herbert Marcuse and Antonio Negri, in the light of the recent achievements of the hacker movement. This book is the first to examine a different kind of political activism that consists in the development of technology from below.
From Seattle to Genoa to Johannesburg, people march in the streets protesting global capitalism. They denounce Nike and McDonald's, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization. Who would defend global capitalism? A young writer from Sweden, who started on the anarchist left and then came to understand the world better. Johan Norberg has traveled to Vietnam, Africa, and other hot spots in the battle over globalization. He has become a passionate defender of the globalization that is lifting poor countries out of poverty. In Defense of Global Capitalism is the first book to rebut, systematically and thoroughly, the claims of the anti-globalization movement. With facts, statistics, and graphs, Norberg shows why capitalism is in the process of creating a better world. The book is written in a conversational style with an emphasis on liberal values and the opportunities and freedom that globalization brings to the world's poor. In Defense of Global Capitalism shows that the diffusion of capitalism in the past few decades has lowered poverty rates and created opportunities for individuals all over the world. Living standards and life expectancy have risen substantially. There is more food, more education, and more democratization, less inequality and less oppression of women. Norberg takes on the tough issues-economic growth, freedom vs. equality, free trade and fair trade, international debt, child labor, cultural imperialism-and concludes that free-market capitalism is the best route out of global poverty.
As a nominally neutral power during the Second World War, Sweden in the early postwar era has received comparatively little attention from historians. Nonetheless, as this definitive study shows, the war—and particularly the specter of Nazism—changed Swedish society profoundly. Prior to 1939, many Swedes shared an unmistakable affinity for German culture, and even after the outbreak of hostilities there remained prominent apologists for the Third Reich. After the Allied victory, however, Swedish intellectuals reframed Nazism as a discredited, distinctively German phenomenon rooted in militarism and Romanticism. Accordingly, Swedes’ self-conception underwent a dramatic reformulation. From this interplay of suppressed traditions and bright dreams for the future, postwar Sweden emerged.
Grandmaster Johan Hellsten is convinced that mastering chess strategy - just like chess tactics - requires practice, practice and yet more practice! This outstanding book is a product of his many years' work as a full-time chess teacher, and is specifically designed as part of a structured training programme to improve strategic thinking. It focuses on a wide range of key subjects and provides a basic foundation for strategic play. Furthermore, in addition to the many examples, there's an abundance of carefully selected exercises which allow readers to monitor their progress and put into practice what they have just learned. Following such a course is an ideal way for players of all standards to improve. Although designed mainly for students, this book is also an excellent resource for chess teachers and trainers. An essential course in chess strategyContains over 400 pages of Grandmaster adviceIncludes more than 350 training exercises
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2024-507/ This study investigated a new material – activated limestone – that was added to nutrient rich Baltic Sea bottom sediment with the ambition to stop nutrient release and thereby reduce eutrophication. Our results show that the activated limestone was very efficient in stopping leakage of phosphorus from eutrophic sediments collected at a fish farm on Åland from which fish faeces have contributed to the nutrient load and accumulation in its surrounding waters. The phosphate release from the sediment was completely stopped by addition of 600 g/m2 activated limestone. In addition, the risk of potential side effects, such as greenhouse gas emissions, was measured and found to be low after addition of the activated limestone.
How may Bohusl_n rock art and landscape be perceived and understood? Since the Bronze Age, the landscape has been transformed by shore displacement but, largely due to misunderstanding and certain ideas about the character of Bronze Age society, rock art research in Tanum has drawn much of its inspiration from the present agrarian landscape. This perception of the landscape has not been a major issue. This volume, republished from the GOTAC Serie B (Gothenburg Archaeological thesis 49) aims to shed light on the process of shore displacement and its social and cognitive implications for the interpretation of rock art in the prehistoric landscape. The findings clearly show that in the Bronze Age, the majority of rock art sites in Bohusl_n had a very close spatial connection to the sea. Much rock art analysis focuses on the contemplative observer. The more direct activities related to rock art are seldom fully considered. Here, the basic conditions for the production of rock art, social theory and approaches to image, communication, symbolism and social action are discussed and related to palpable social forms of the ñreadingî of rock art. The general location and content of the Bronze Age remains indicate a tendency towards the maritime realm, which seems to have included both socio-ritual and socio-economic matters of production and consumption and that Bronze Age groups in Bohusl_n were highly active and mobile. The numerous configurations of ship images on the rocks could indicate a general transition or drift towards the maritime realm. Marking or manifesting such transitions in some way may have been important and it is tempting to perceive the rock art as traces of such transitions or positions in the landscape. All this points to a maritime understanding of Bronze Age rock art in northern Bohusl_n.
This book will help those involved in health policy making to understand the various successes and failures of health policies around Europe and the complex choices that confront the health systems of Europe.
If Design is about forming materials, then what are the materials of Service Design? In this ground-breaking book, Johan Blomkvist, Simon Clatworthy and Stefan Holmlid explore this question by establishing a discourse around the materials of service design, discussing materials as a means to explore what service design is and could be.
Several large experimental facilities that focus on detection and probing magnetization dynamics have been realized in Europe, USA and Japan. This book covers theoretical and practical aspects of the vibrant and emerging research field of magnetization dynamics.
A new approach to theory development for practice-driven research, proposing that theory is something made in and through design. Tendencies toward “academization” of traditionally practice-based fields have forced design to articulate itself as an academic discipline, in theoretical terms. In this book, Johan Redström offers a new approach to theory development in design research–one that is driven by practice, experimentation, and making. Redström does not theorize from the outside, but explores the idea that, just as design research engages in the making of many different kinds of things, theory might well be one of those things it is making. Redström proposes that we consider theory not as stable and constant but as something unfolding—something acted as much as articulated, inherently fluid and transitional. Redström describes three ways in which theory, in particular formulating basic definitions, is made through design: the use of combinations of fluid terms to articulate issues; the definition of more complex concepts through practice; and combining sets of definitions made through design into “programs.” These are the building blocks for creating conceptual structures to support design. Design seems to thrive on the complexities arising from dichotomies: form and function, freedom and method, art and science. With his idea of transitional theory, Redström departs from the traditional academic imperative to pick a side—theory or practice, art or science. Doing so, he opens up something like a design space for theory development within design research.
On a gray September day, on an island off the coast of Sweden, six -year -old Jens Davidsson ventured out of his backyard, walked out into a fog, and vanished….Now twenty years have passed, and in this magnificent debut novel of suspense—a runaway bestseller in Sweden—the boy’s mother returns to the place where her son disappeared, drawn by a chilling package sent in the mail… In it, lovingly wrapped, is one of Jens’ sandals—sandals Julia Davidsson put on her son’s feet that very last morning. Now, with only a handful of clues, Julia and her father are questioning islanders who were present the day Jens vanished—and making a shocking connection to Öland’s most notorious murder case: the killing spree of a wealthy young man who fled the island and died years before Jens was even born. Suddenly the island that once seemed so achingly familiar turns strange and dangerous… Until Julia finds herself facing truths she never imagined—about what really happened on that September day twenty years ago, about who may have crossed paths with little Jens in the fog, and how a child could truly vanish without a trace…until now.
Democracy is today a concept that is overwhelmingly positively evaluated almost everywhere. A lot has been written about socio-economic and cultural backgrounds of democratic regimes as well as their institutional settings. By contrast, not much is known about the political manoeuvres and speech acts by which 'democracy' has been tied to particular regions and cultures in concrete historical situations. This book discusses a series of efforts to rhetorically produce a particular Nordic version of democracy. It shows that the rhetorical figure 'Nordic democracy' was a product of the age of totalitarianism and the Cold War. It explores the ways in which 'Nordic democracy' was used, mainly by the social democrats, to provide the welfare politics with cultural and historical legitimacy and foundations. Thus, it also acknowledges the ideological and geopolitical context in which the 'Nordic welfare state' was conceptualised and canonised. The contributors of the book are specialists on Nordic politics and history, who share a particular interest in political rhetoric and conceptual history.
This book contains a strictly refereed selection of revised full papers chosen from the papers accepted for presentation during the 11th Workshop on Abstract Data Types held jointly with the 8th COMPASS Workshop in Oslo, Norway, in September 1995. The 25 research papers included were chosen from 57 pre-selected workshop presentations; also included are six invited contributions. The volume reports the progress achieved in the area of algebraic specification since the predecessor meeting held in May 1994.
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2023-545/ The UNFCCC Global Stocktake will be conducted during COP28 in December 2023. The Nordic Stocktake report is intended as a regional tool to support the Global Stocktake process and spur to further climate action, both within the Nordics and beyond. The Nordic region needs to increase the pace of the green transition if we are to lead by example. The report is a stocktake of GHG emissions in the Nordic countries, and a description and assessment of the different national pathways towards climate neutrality in the Nordic region. Many of the challenges on the path towards climate neutrality are not unique to the Nordic countries and solving these in the Nordic region – in countries well-positioned to do so – would prove valuable for global climate action. The report highlights common challenges across the Nordic countries and proposes opportunities for further cross-Nordic collaboration.
This book explores common management practices as they relate to professional service organizations. Adopting a unique critical institutional view, it focuses on challenges and struggles in both public and private settings and offers new insights. This will be essential reading for scholars of management and leadership.
This book represents views, frameworks and practices on stimulating and realising our optimal potential as human beings in the context of a workplace where there is a desire to achieve shared goals and aspirations in order to accomplish positive economic, societal and environmental impacts and outcomes. It describes a vision of how life and work in organisations could be. We describe a new kind of organisation. Being a good person and doing good things while making profit are a real possibility for those management innovators who think beyond immediate trade-offs. In this book we explore management innovation as core study field and arena for re-inventing and re-imagining how people in organisations could execute management activities such as planning, organising, leading and controlling for multiple stakeholder satisfaction and benefits. Work can be much more joyful and fulfilling than we think, but it requires courage from us to take responsibility when freedom is offered.
Exploring the relationships between the growth of firms and entrepreneurship, the authors have drawn on many individual projects & case studies to provide a comprehensive analysis.
What are the different muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes and how are they distributed in the airways and molecular signalling mechanisms? What is their function in neurogenic and non-neurogenic control of the airways and in inflammatory mechanisms? How is their gene expression regulated? The great importance of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors for the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic inflammatory obstructive airways diseases calls for a comprehensive and integrated overview of the current knowledge to address such questions, to discuss the role of these receptor subtypes in diseases such as asthma and COPD, and to present novel perspectives on antimuscarinic drug development. The present book is the worthy result of this need. It points out innovative insights into the hitherto poorly understood role of postjunctional muscarinic M2 receptors in airway smooth muscle contraction and sheds some light on the novel concepts of antimuscarinic drug development, with special reference to the l
This book is essential reading for those wishing to obtain a systems perspective and a broad view on the background, performance and application of the latest developments in HSPA in the context of the demands on today's mobile broadband devices and networks. It takes the reader behind the scenes of 3GPP and provides an easily accessible understanding of the basic principles, the latest steps in the standard's evolution, and the motivations behind the development of standardized features. It covers important topics such as smartphone related features, multi-carrier and multi-antenna operation, interface architecture, heterogeneous networks and HSPA system performance. Offering full coverage of recent developments in HSPA up to Release 13, this book will provide a comprehensive description of one of the dominating standards for mobile broadband. With this book, you will: - Get a guided and consistent tour through the evolutionary stages of HSPA - Gain an understanding of the 3GPP standardization process, the driving forces behind it, and the need for evolution - Learn about the fundamental technology components of a modern wireless communication system, such as basic link level architecture, cellular system behavior, traffic management and scheduling and system management - Learn in detail the features of the latest HSPA development up to Release 13 - Gain a deep insight into the means by which HSPA performance can be simulated and characterized, the factors that drive the performance of networks and user experience, and the performance expectations for the technology - Obtain insight into the telecommunications market and its evolution - Learn about current trends and the future direction of HSPA - A full insight into the 3GPP and regulatory standardisation processes and the factors that drive evolution of the specification - A walk through of the fundamental technology principles that lie behind HSPA - A structured overview of the WCDMA/HSPA feature set, offering insider coverage starting from the core release 5/6 technologies and reviewing each of the added features up to and including the most recent developments in the area - An overview of the frequency bands available for HSPA - An insight into the radio performance requirements, their background and implications for mobiles and networks - A tutorial on simulation principles for HSPA - A description of the performance of HSPA features within the context of a tutorial on the factors that drive performance
Crowdfunding: Fundamental Cases, Facts, and Insights presents fundamental knowledge about a maturing economic field. Assembling and arranging datasets, case analyses, and other foundational materials on subjects associated with crowdfunding, it systematically, comprehensively, and authoritatively provides access to a consistent body of crowdfunding research. With the crowdfunding industry now consolidated, this core reference can serve as the basis for research projects and applied work. Acclaim for Crowdfunding"This book provides insightful cases and statistics from around the world on how rewards and equity crowdfunding markets work. It also includes useful information on marketplace lending. It is a great resource for entrepreneurs and investors, as well as for policymakers, academics, and students."– Craig Asano, Founder and CEO, National Crowdfunding and Fintech Association "Crowdfunding offers detailed analyses of rewards and equity crowdfunding markets using statistical methods and case studies. I recommend it for academics, practitioners, and policymakers who seek a rigorous look at crowdfunding markets around the world."– Jay Ritter, Joseph B. Cordell Eminent Scholar Chair, Warrington College of Business, University of Florida - Presents a complete scope of crowdfunding areas in the international landscape - Combines economics with international business, management, law and finance - Enables practitioners and researchers to compare regulatory frameworks, best practices and market opportunities - Includes a freely available website of supplementary pedagogical material
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2023-518/ The Nordic countries all have large nature areas and clean waters attracting tourists from all over the world. Many visitors are attracted by fishing related activities, e.g. recreational fishing opportunities or coastal villages with a genuine fishing atmosphere provided by commercial fisheries. The role of fisheries for tourism is analysed in a study financed by the Nordic Council of Ministers. The study highlights that different tourists value different attributes. Some tourists want pristine nature and high recreational catches, while others favour developed services and a local commercial fishing culture. The Nordic tourist destinations could be expected to benefit from focusing on attributes where they are competitive such as pristine nature, closeness to major travel hubs, or a local harbour with traditional fishing vessels.
Reflecting the recent completion of LTE's specification, the new edition of this bestseller has been fully updated to provide a complete picture of the LTE system. The latest LTE standards are included on the radio interface architecture, the physical layer, access procedures, MBMS, together with three brand new chapters on LTE Transmission Procedures, Flexible Bandwidth in LTE and LTE evolution into IMT-Advanced.Key technologies presented include multi-carrier transmission, advanced single-carrier transmission, advanced receivers, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive antenna solutions, advanced radio resource management and protocols, and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained. Both a high-level overview and more detailed step-by-step explanations of HSPA and LTE implementation are given. An overview of other related systems such as TD SCDMA, CDMA2000, and WiMAX is also provided.The new edition has up-to-date coverage of the recently published LTE Release 8 radio-access standard, giving the reader insight into the ongoing and future process of LTE and LTE-Advanced standardisation.Coverage on LTE in this edition includes ( total of 270 pages on LTE): Easy-to-access overview of the LTE protocol layersComplete description of LTE physical layer including reference signals, control signalling, multi-antenna transmission schemesCovers both FDD and TDD, their fundamental difference and their impact on the LTE designDetailed description of access procedures including cell search, random access, broadcast of system informationTransmission procedures, including retransmission protocols, scheduling, uplink power controlEvolution towards IMT-Advanced ("4G")"Reading a specification requires some effort. After reading the spec, you would know WHAT to transmit, but not WHY and HOW. This is where our book becomes important. Not only does it provide an easy-to-read description of the signals, procedures, and mechanisms in LTE, it also tells you WHY a certain signal, channel or procedure is present and HOW it is used. After reading the book, you will have a good understanding on how LTE works and why it is designed the way it is." - the authorsThe authors of the book all work at Ericsson Research and are deeply involved in 3G development and standardisation since the early days of 3G research. They are leading experts in the field and are today still actively contributing to the standardisation of both HSPA and LTE within 3GPP. This includes details of the standards and technologies (160 new pages): LTE radio interface architecture, LTE physical layer and LTE access procedures. - Includes details of the standards and technologies (160 new pages): LTE radio interface architecture, LTE physical layer and LTE access procedures - Contains three brand new chapters on LTE: Transmission Procedures, Flexible Bandwidth and LTE Evolution and expanded details on the physical layer (total LTE content is 270 pages) - Examines the latest developments in the evolution of LTE into IMT-Advanced, the next stage of 3G Evolution - Gives clear explanations of the role of OFDM and MIMO technologies in HSPA and LTE - Outlines the System Architecture Evolution (SAE) supporting LTE and HSPA evolution
In the most complete, accurate and accessible presentation of Karl Marx’s theory of capitalism to date, Johan Fornäs presents a guide for anyone who wants to understand how today’s crisis-ridden society has emerged and is able to sustain and intensify its own deep inner contradictions. Capitalism clearly explains these contradictions, which are so relevant again today in the wake of the financial crisis. This clear and engaging guide explains capitalism for absolute beginners. Fornäs situates Marx’s ideas in context, remaining faithful to the concepts and structure of his work. This complete introduction to Marx’s economy critique covers all three volumes of Capital. It explores all the main aspects of Marx’s work – including his economic theory, his philosophical sophistication and his political critique – introducing the reader to Marx’s typical blend of sharp arguments, ruthless social reportage and utopian visions. This book will be of interest to students throughout the social sciences and humanities, including those studying sociology, social theory, economics, business studies, history, cultural studies, and politics.
The Nordic Food Redistribution Project investigates food waste reduction through the redistribution of surplus food. The project goal is to increase and improve redistribution activities from donors to food banks and charity organisations in order to enhance both environmental and social sustainability in the Nordic region. The phase II report proposes best practice models concerning legislation, organisation, quality assurance and registration of food. Report recommendations are addressed at redistribution and food-serving actors, donors and authorities and focus on how to improve the quality of redistributed food, how to enhance collaboration between the various actors as well as how to prioritize and secure funding for redistribution activities. The report is part of the Nordic Prime Ministers’ green growth initiative: “The Nordic Region – leading in green growth.”
This book describes an approach to engineering education that integrates a comprehensive set of personal, interpersonal, and professional engineering skills with engineering disciplinary knowledge in order to prepare innovative and entrepreneurial engineers. The education of engineers is set in the context of engineering practice, that is, Conceiving, Designing, Implementing, and Operating (CDIO) through the entire lifecycle of engineering processes, products, and systems. The book is both a description of the development and implementation of the CDIO model and a guide to engineering programs worldwide that seek to improve the education of young engineers.
The world we live in is hugely unequal. People in a better socioeconomic position do not only lead more comfortable lives, but also longer and healthier lives. This is true not only in the poorer parts of the world but also in the richest countries, including the advanced welfare states of Western Europe which have successfully pushed back poverty and other forms of material disadvantage. Why are health inequalities - systematically higher rates of disease, disability, and premature death among people with a lower level of education, occupation or income - so persistent? How can we expect to reduce this when it persists even in the most advanced states? Written by a leading figure in public health, this book looks to answer these questions by taking a broad, critical look at the scientific evidence surrounding the explanation of health inequalities, including recent findings from the fields of epidemiology, sociology, psychology, economics, and genetics. It concludes that a simplistic view, in which health inequalities are a direct consequence of social inequality, does not tell us the full story. Drawing upon a unique series of studies covering 30 European countries and more than three decades of observations, it shows that health inequalities are partly driven by autonomous forces that are difficult to counteract, such as educational expansion, increased social mobility, and rapid but differential health improvements. Finally, the book explores how we might use these new findings to continue our efforts to build a healthier and more equal future. Offering a truly multidisciplinary perspective and an accessible writing style, Health Inequalities is an indispensable resource for health researchers, professionals, and policy-makers, as well as for social scientists interested in inequality.
A Book of the Year for The Economist and the Observer Our world seems to be collapsing. The daily news cycle reports the deterioration: divisive politics across the Western world, racism, poverty, war, inequality, hunger. While politicians, journalists and activists from all sides talk about the damage done, Johan Norberg offers an illuminating and heartening analysis of just how far we have come in tackling the greatest problems facing humanity. In the face of fear-mongering, darkness and division, the facts are unequivocal: the golden age is now.
The reason to perform calculations in material science usually falls into one of two categories: to predict or explain the origin of material properties. This thesis covers first-principle calculations for solids at extreme conditions, from both of the two mentioned categories. I primarily have studied the effects of high-pressure and high-temperature on lattice dynamics, mechanical and electronic properties. To treat the effects of temperature, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and self-consistent phonon calculations, based on density functional theory, have been utilised. These approaches account for the temperature effects by considering thermally excited supercells as samples of a statistical ensemble. To extract properties from this representation, I have used methods which maps the supercell data to a unit cell representation or fits it to a simple model Hamiltonian. The small displacement method was used to analyse the dynamical stability for nitrides and polymorphs of silica, synthesised at high-pressure in a diamond anvil cell. The nitride compounds consist of a high amount of nitrogen either as chains, forming a porous framework together with transition metal atoms or as dinitrogen molecules, occupying the channels of the framework. The nitrogen chains consist of single- or double-bonded nitrogen atoms, making these compounds highly energetic. Polymorphs of silica can be used to model deep Earth liquids. These new polymorphs, named coesite-IV and coesite-V, consist of four-, five-, and six-oriented silicon. Some of the octahedra of the six-oriented silicon atoms, of these new phases, are sharing faces, which according to Pauling's third rule would make them highly unstable. My phonon calculations indicate these phases to be dynamically stable. Furthermore, my calculations predict higher compressibility for these new phases compared to the competing ones. By modelling silicate melts with coesite-IV and coesite-V, a more complex and compressible structure is expected, affecting the predicted seismic behaviour. I studied Kohn anomalies for body-centered cubic niobium by simulating this material with self-consistent phonon calculations. The electronic structure was studied by using a band unfolding technique, for which I obtained an effective unit cell representation of the electronic structure at elevated temperatures. Temperature primarily smeared the electronic states but did not induce significant shifts of the bands. In parallel, the anharmonicity of this system was studied using the temperature dependent effective potential method. Even close to the melting temperature, this element is remarkably harmonic. The experimentally observed disappearance of the Kohn anomalies with increased temperature is predominantly dependent, according to my calculations, on the temperature-induced smearing of the electronic states. Using stress-strain relations, accurate high-temperature elastic properties were predicted for Ti0.5Al0.5N. The simulations were performed with AIMD. The stresses were fitted using the least-squares method to a linear expression from which the elastic constants were derived. The results were compared with previously performed calculations that employed additional approximations. The results of the symmetry imposed force constant temperature dependent effective potential (SIFC-TDEP) method agrees well with our results. I also compared my results with TiN calculations that employed a similar methodology. My and the SIFC-TDEP results are reporting lower values for the polycrystalline moduli than the calculations for TiN. The data I generated were also used for a machine learned interatomic potential method, where moment tensor potentials were trained and evaluated, using this data. Den här avhandlingen handlar om beräkningar för material. När materialberäkningar utförs är det antingen för att förutsäga eller förklara egenskaper. De beräkningar som jag har gjort i denna avhandling är baserade på fundamentala fysiska lagar. Detta betyder att de är rent baserade på teori, och inte har anpassats efter resultat av experiment. Jag har i mitt arbete använt mig mycket utav en teori som kallas gitter dynamik. Den är definierad för periodiska material, det vill säga att atomerna i dessa material upprepas i periodiska mönster. Vi kan då anta att det finns en jämviktspunkt för alla atomerna, som de vibrerar omkring. Dessa vibrationer kan beskrivas som om atomerna påverkar varandra med fiktiva fjädrar. Genom att beräkna styrkan för dessa fjädrar kan vi beskriva vibrationerna av atomerna. Dessa vibrationer i sin tur är avgörande för materialets egenskaper. För att beskriva ett material vid en specifik temperatur har jag använt mig utav olika metoder för att simulera det. En simulering kan ses som ett “dator experiment”. Problemet är dock hur vi ska mäta egenskaperna i simuleringen. Ju större och mera komplex en simulering är, desto svårare blir det att beräkna egenskaperna av det simulerade materialet. Vi hamnar i en situation likt den vi skulle befinna oss om vi hade gjort ett experiment i verkligheten, och tvingas använda förenklade modeler för att kunna tolka resultatet. Jag har därför använt mig utav metoder för att utvinna vibrationer av atomer, elektrontillstånd eller elastiska egenskaper, specifikt utvecklade för att användas på denna typ utav simuleringar. Mitt arbete har kretsat kring hur dessa egenskaper påverkas av extrema temperaturer och tryck. De beräkningar jag har utfört vid höga tryck har varit för nyupptäckta nitrider och faser av kiseldioxid. Nitriderna är porösa material som innehåller en stor mängd kväve. Det höga kväveinehållet gör så att det lagras en stor mängd kemisk energi i enkel- och dubbelbindningar mellan kväveatomerna. De nya faserna av kiseldioxid har en betydelse för vår förståelse av jordens inre. Deras existens öppnar upp för att det kan finnas mera komplexa och ihoptryckbara flytande material, under jordens nedre mantel, än vad tidigare har varit antaget. Mina beräkningar har bekräftat strukturerna för dessa nyupptäckta material. Vid höga temperaturer har jag studerat för metallen niob hur vibrationerna av atomerna är relaterade till olika elektrontillstånd. För specifika vibrationer ökar frekvensen med ökad temperatur. Detta är något ovanligt eftersom vibrationernas frekvenser vanligtvis brukar minska med ökad temperatur. Mina simulering för denna metal överensstämmer med resultat från experiment. Orsaken till varför visa vibrationers frekvenser ökar kan jag förklara med att elektrontillståndens enskilda energier varierar över tid på grund av den ökade temperaturen. Jag har även använt mig av simuleringar för att beräkna elastiska egenskaper av legeringen Ti0.5Al0.5N. Ti1?xAlxN legeringar används som beläggningar på skärverktyg som används för metall. För att öka effektiviteten av beläggningen, behövs det detaljerad kunskap av dess mekaniska egenskaper för den temperatur som de används vid. Jag beräknade därför så noggrant som möjligt de elastiska egenskaperna för Ti0.5Al0.5N. Dessa beräkningar är avsedda för att användas som en referens för andra beräkningsmässigt billigare metoder. Datan som genererades från mina simuleringar användes även för en sådan metod, baserad på maskininlärning.
This book focuses on LTE with full updates including LTE-Advanced (Release-11) to provide a complete picture of the LTE system. Detailed explanations are given for the latest LTE standards for radio interface architecture, the physical layer, access procedures, broadcast, relaying, spectrum and RF characteristics, and system performance. Key technologies presented include multi-carrier transmission, advanced single-carrier transmission, advanced receivers, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive antenna solutions, radio resource management and protocols, and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained, giving both a high-level overview and more detailed step-by-step explanations. This book is a must-have resource for engineers and other professionals in the telecommunications industry, working with cellular or wireless broadband technologies, giving an understanding of how to utilize the new technology in order to stay ahead of the competition. New to this edition: - In-depth description of CoMP and enhanced multi-antenna transmission including new reference-signal structures and feedback mechanisms - Detailed description of the support for heterogeneous deployments provided by the latest 3GPP release - Detailed description of new enhanced downlink control-channel structure (EPDDCH) - New RF configurations including operation in non-contiguous spectrum, multi-bands base stations and new frequency bands - Overview of 5G as a set of well-integrated radio-access technologies, including support for higher frequency bands and flexible spectrum management, massive antenna configurations, and ultra-dense deployments - Covers a complete update to the latest 3GPP Release-11 - Two new chapters on HetNet, covering small cells/heterogeneous deployments, and CoMP, including Inter-site coordination - Overview of current status of LTE release 12 including further enhancements of local-area, CoMP and multi-antenna transmission, Machine-type-communication, Device-to-device communication
WINNER OF SWEDEN’S BEST CRIME NOVEL AWARD On the idyllic island of Öland, off the coast of northern Sweden, a young couple from Stockholm tries to start life afresh. For Joakim and Katrine Westin, reclaiming a long-neglected family manor will be a labor of love, as they slowly bring the sprawling home back to life and introduce their two children to the island’s woodlands, glens, and beaches. But in the Westins’ new home, there are things that cannot be repaired, lives that have gone wrong, and secrets that have followed them. When the family is struck by tragedy, it’s up to grief-stricken Joakim to put together a puzzle of inexplicable loss, unbearable suspicion, and tangled lives. In this powerhouse of suspense–at once a crime novel and a searing family drama–a home built as a shelter from the sea becomes a human storm of murder.
I am unaware of any textbook which provides such comprehensive coverage of the field and doubt that this work will be surpassed in the foreseeable future, if ever!' From the foreword by Robert C. Moellering, Jr., M.D, Shields Warren-Mallinckrodt Professor of Medical Research, Harvard Medical School, USA Kucers' The Use of Antibiotics is the leading major reference work in this vast and rapidly developing field. More than doubled in length compared to the fifth edition, the sixth edition comprises 3000 pages over 2-volumes in order to cover all new and existing therapies, and emerging drugs not yet fully licensed. Concentrating on the treatment of infectious diseases, the content is divided into 4 sections: antibiotics, anti-fungal drugs, anti-parasitic drugs and anti-viral drugs, and is highly structured for ease of reference.Within each section, each chapter is structured to cover susceptibility, formulations and dosing (adult and paediatric), pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, toxicity and drug distribution, detailed discussion regarding clinical uses, a feature unique to this title. Compiled by an expanded team of internationally renowned and respected editors, with a vast number of contributors spanning Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, South America, the US and Canada, the sixth edition adopts a truly global approach. It will remain invaluable for anyone using antimicrobial agents in their clinical practice and provides in a systematic and concise manner all the information required when treating infections requiring antimicrobial therapy. Kucers' The Use of Antibiotics is available free to purchasers of the books as an electronic version on line or on your desktop: It provides access to the entire 2-volume print material It is fully searchable, so you can find the relevant information you need quickly Live references are linked to PubMed referring you to the latest journal material Customise the contents - you can highlight sections and make notes Comments can be shared with colleagues/tutors for discussion, teaching and learning The text can also be reflowed for ease of reading Text and illustrations copied will be automatically referenced to Kucers' The Use of Antibiotics
This book describes an approach to engineering education that integrates a comprehensive set of personal and interpersonal skills, and process, product, and system building skills with disciplinary knowledge. The education of engineers is set in the context of engineering practice, that is, Conceiving, Designing, Implementing, and Operating (CDIO) through the entire lifecycle of engineering processes, products, and processes. The book is both a description of the development and implementation of the CDIO model, and a guide to engineering programmers worldwide who seek to improve their programs.
The role of the chemical reactor is crucial for the industrial conversion of raw materials into products and numerous factors must be considered when selecting an appropriate and efficient chemical reactor. Chemical Reaction Engineering and Reactor Technology defines the qualitative aspects that affect the selection of an industrial chemical reactor and couples various reactor models to case-specific kinetic expressions for chemical processes. Offering a systematic development of the chemical reaction engineering concept, this volume explores: Essential stoichiometric, kinetic, and thermodynamic terms needed in the analysis of chemical reactors Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactors Residence time distributions and non-ideal flow conditions in industrial reactors Solutions of algebraic and ordinary differential equation systems Gas- and liquid-phase diffusion coefficients and gas-film coefficients Correlations for gas-liquid systems Solubilities of gases in liquids Guidelines for laboratory reactors and the estimation of kinetic parameters The authors pay special attention to the exact formulations and derivations of mass energy balances and their numerical solutions. Richly illustrated and containing exercises and solutions covering a number of processes, from oil refining to the development of specialty and fine chemicals, the text provides a clear understanding of chemical reactor analysis and design.
A new approach to water-resources for researchers, professionals and graduate students, focusing on global sustainability and socio-ecological resilience to change.
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