Jody Emlyn Muelaner's Books

The Role of Hybrid Vehicles in a Net-zero Transport System

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

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The Role of Hybrid Vehicles in a Net-zero Transport System

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

As the world looks to net-zero emissions goals, hybrid electric vehicles may play an increasingly important role. For passenger electric vehicles (EVs) that predominantly make short journeys but occasionally need to make longer trips, electrofuel range extension may be more cost effective than either hydrogen or rapid charging. Micro gas turbines and catalytic combustion show significant potential to deliver low-cost, low-maintenance, lightweight engines with virtually no emissions, and hydrocarbon consuming solid oxide fuel cells show even greater potential in these areas. Aditioanlly, sodium-ion batteries for EVs, dispatachable vehicle-to-grid power and buffering, and variable intermittent renewable energy could also play key roles. The Role of Hybrid Vehicles in a Net-zero Transport System explores the costs, considerations, and challenges facing these technologies. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2024021

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SAE International

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ISBN 10

1468608649

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9781468608649

Unsettled Technology Domains for Pathways to Automotive Decarbonization

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

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Unsettled Technology Domains for Pathways to Automotive Decarbonization

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

Replacing fossil-fueled vehicles with battery-electric ones is a risky strategy. It is likely to be limited by the supply of metals critical to battery and solar cell production, and the investment required in decarbonized electricity. Using hydrogen to store renewable energy would greatly reduce efficiency, further increasing the investment required to decarbonize the electricity supply. The lowest technical risk and most economical pathway to decarbonization is reducing private car use. Shorter journeys would be made by walking and cycling – also known as “active travel” – with public transport used for most longer journeys. Realizing this cultural change in transport behavior will first require comprehensive networks for safe and enjoyable active travel, which separate walking and cycling. All locations should connect to either a fully segregated cycleway or traffic calmed roadways with a maximum speed of 30 kph. Active travel investment can save money due to improved public health, eliminate the 11% of carbon emissions caused by short car journeys, and facilitate public transport by empowering people to reach their final destination. Bicycle manufacturing is growing rapidly and further innovations in transport cycles and other lightweight vehicles compatible with an active travel infrastructure will boost this growth. Increased use of public transportation is vital to efficiently use the limited availability of decarbonized electricity. Autonomous vehicles in private use may increase vehicle miles, but autonomous operation within public transportation systems could be transformative. The remaining private cars, buses, and heavy goods vehicles could be electrified more cost effectively using electric road systems. These enable unlimited range and smaller batteries, with the lowest societal cost of any private car-based decarbonization pathway. Although users may pay higher road tax or tolls for the infrastructure, this is easily offset by greatly reduced vehicle costs and improved efficiency. Electrification needs to be brought initially to city bus networks and heavily used transport corridors. Wider use will require standardization and investment at the federal level or continental level. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the issues they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2020014

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SAE International

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ISBN 10

1468601911

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9781468601916

Unsettled Issues in Electrical Demand for Automotive Electrification Pathways

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

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Unsettled Issues in Electrical Demand for Automotive Electrification Pathways

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

With the current state of automotive electrification, predicting which electrification pathway is likely to be the most economical over a 10- to 30-year outlook is wrought with uncertainty. The development of a range of technologies should continue, including statically charged battery electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and EVs designed for a combination of plug-in and electric road system (ERS) supply. The most significant uncertainties are for the costs related to hydrogen supply, electrical supply, and battery life. This greatly is dependent on electrolyzers, fuel-cell costs, life spans and efficiencies, distribution and storage, and the price of renewable electricity. Green hydrogen will also be required as an industrial feedstock for difficult-to-decarbonize areas such as aviation and steel production, and for seasonal energy buffering in the grid. For ERSs, it is critical to understand how battery life will be affected by frequent cycling and the extent to which battery technology from hybrid vehicles can be applied. Unsettled Issues in Electrical Demand for Automotive Electrification Pathways dives into the most critical issues the mobility industry is facing. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2021004

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SAE International

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ISBN 10

146860287X

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9781468602876

Unsettled Issues Regarding Power Options for Decarbonized Commercial Vehicles

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

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Unsettled Issues Regarding Power Options for Decarbonized Commercial Vehicles

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

While direct electrification appears to provide the most cost-effective route to decarbonization of commercial vehicles, uptake may be constrained by critical metal supply. Additionally, it will be many years before hydrogen power becomes decarbonized or if it can ever compete economically with direct electrification. An electric road system (ERS) could offer a highly efficient and cost-effective route to direct electrification that would greatly reduce the volume of batteries required, but pilot schemes are urgently needed to provide concrete data on operating costs for different ERS technologies. Furthermore, if plug-in hybrid electric vehicles could obtain most of their power from an ERS, liquid biofuels and “electrofuels” may prove useful for occasional off-grid range extension. To achieve extremely long-range for operation in remote locations, liquid fuels remain the only viable option. Unsettled Issues Regarding Power Options for Decarbonized Commercial Vehicles discusses the analysis required to understand the lifecycle energy use for different power options for decarbonized commercial vehicles. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2021021

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ISBN 10

1468603701

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9781468603705

The Challenges of Vehicle Decarbonization

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

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The Challenges of Vehicle Decarbonization

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

A narrow focus on electrification and elimination of tailpipe emissions is unlikely to achieve decarbonization objectives. Renewable power generation is unlikely to keep up with increased demand for electricity. A focus on tailpipe emissions ignores the significant particulate pollution that “zero emission” vehicles still cause. It is therefore vital that energy efficiency is improved. Active travel is the key to green economic growth, clean cities, and unlocking the energy saving potential of public transport. The Challenges of Vehicle Decarbonization reviews the urgent need to prioritize active travel infrastructure, create compelling mass-market cycling options, and switch to hybrid powertrains and catenary electrification for long-haul heavy trucks. The report also warns of the potential increase in miles travelled with the advent of personal automated vehicles as well as the pitfalls of fossil-fuel derived hydrogen power. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2022SE1

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SAE International

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ISBN 10

1468604570

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9781468604573

Unsettled Issues in Commercial Vehicle Platooning

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

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Unsettled Issues in Commercial Vehicle Platooning

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

While platooning has the potential to reduce energy consumption of commercial vehicles while improving safety, both advantages are currently difficult to quantify due to insufficient data and the wide range of variables affecting models. Platooning will significantly reduce the use of energy when compared to trucks driven alone, or at a safe distance for a driver without any automated assistance. However, drivers typically drive closer to each other than recommended to achieve drafting efficiencies, which may shift the benefit of automated platooning to safety gains. More data will be needed to conclusively demonstrate these gains. Unsettled Issues in Commercial Vehicle Platooning discusses the technologies needed to enable close platooning, including brake system condition monitoring, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and concrete infrastructure assessment. The report also looks at driver acceptance of platooning technology from a safety and job security perspective. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2021027

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ISBN 10

1468603922

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9781468603927

Decarbonized Power Options for Non-road Mobile Machinery

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

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Decarbonized Power Options for Non-road Mobile Machinery

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

Power options for off-road vehicles differ substantially from other commercial vehicles. Battery electrification is suitable for urban construction and light agriculture, but remote mining, forestry, and road building operations will require alternative fuels. Decarbonized Power Options for Non-road Mobile Machinery discusses these domains as well as the potential benefits and challenges of implementing fuels and energy sources such as bioenergy, e-fuels, and alcohol, as well as hydrogen, hydrocarbon, and direct methanol fuel cells. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2023002

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ISBN 10

1468605593

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9781468605594

Recyclability and Embodied Energy of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

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Recyclability and Embodied Energy of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

Recycling of advanced composites made from carbon fibers in epoxy resins is essential for two primary reasons. First, the energy necessary to produce carbon fibers is very high and therefore reusing these fibers could greatly reduce the lifecycle energy of components which use them. Second, if the material is allowed to break down in the environment, it will contribute to the growing presence of microplastics and other synthetic pollutants. Recyclability and Embodied Energy of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites discusses current recycling and disposal methods—which typically do not aim for full circularity, but rather successive downcycling—and addresses the major challenge of aligning fibers into unidirectional tows of real value in high-performance composites. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2023018

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ISBN 10

146860631X

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9781468606317

Unsettled Technology Domains for Rapid and Automated Verification of Industry 4.0 Machine Tools

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

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Unsettled Technology Domains for Rapid and Automated Verification of Industry 4.0 Machine Tools

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

Currently, inaccuracies in machine tools are often not detected until after they have produced nonconforming parts, causing reworking or scrap. For high-value aerospace parts, a single rejected part is a significant cost. Low-value parts are often inspected less frequently, allowing many nonconforming parts to be produced before the issue is detected, also resulting in high cost. The alternative to relying on part inspection is to run frequent tests on the machine itself, but established calibration and health-check processes take between 20 minutes and several days. Emerging rapid and automated verification (RAV) processes enable machine tools to check their performance automatically in just a few minutes. These RAV processes can be performed frequently throughout the day, allowing machines to operate without human intervention for long periods of time. When an issue is detected, the machine may be able to recalibrate and then continue automatically. Where this is not possible, the machine stops and provides diagnostic information enabling the operator to efficiently get the machine back into production. For many machines, especially smaller ones, artifact probing is the most cost-effective and easily implemented method. Combined with probing of roughing cuts, it can also verify spindle and dynamic errors at the micrometer level. Inertial measurement has a lot of potential to provide continuous monitoring during operations, and significant research efforts are therefore justified to validate and improve diagnostic capability. Noncontact triple-probing of spheres can provide highly accurate RAV while also enabling some compensation to be achieved in a very rapid way. This equipment is costly when dedicated to each machine for RAV but may be justified for very high-value machines and processes. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the issues they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2020019

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ISBN 10

1468602446

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9781468602449

Generative Design in Aerospace and Automotive Structures

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

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Generative Design in Aerospace and Automotive Structures

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

Semi-automated computational design methods involving physics-based simulation, optimization, machine learning, and generative artificial intelligence (AI) already allow greatly enhanced performance alongside reduced cost in both design and manufacturing. As we progress, developments in user interfaces, AI integration, and automation of workflows will increasingly reduce the human inputs required to achieve this. With this, engineering teams must change their mindset from designing products to specifying requirements, focusing their efforts on testing and analysis to provide accurate specifications. Generative Design in Aerospace and Automotive Structures discusses generative design in its broadest sense, including the challenges and recommendations regarding multi-stage optimizations. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2024016

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1468608355

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9781468608359

Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging on Grid Energy Buffering

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

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Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging on Grid Energy Buffering

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

Variable renewable energy (VRE), such as photovoltaic solar and wind turbines, will require new approaches to buffering energy within the grid. This must include significant ancillary services and longer duration storage to buffer seasonal variations in supply and demand. Such services may be economically provided by leveraging the battery resources of electric vehicles (EVs) for frequency response and energy storage for durations of up to a few hours, together with baseload and dispatchable power for longer duration buffering. Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging on Grid Energy Buffering discusses the unsettled issues and requirements needed to realize the potential of EV batteries for demand response and grid services, such as improved battery management, control strategies, and enhanced cybersecurity. Hybrid and fuel cell EVs have significant potential to act as “peakers” for longer duration buffering, and this approach has the potential to provide all the long-term energy buffering required by a VRE-intensive grid. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2022022

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1468605208

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9781468605204

Decarbonized Fuel Options for Long-haul Commercial Vehicles

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

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Decarbonized Fuel Options for Long-haul Commercial Vehicles

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

Most heavy trucks should be fully electric, using a combination of batteries and catenary electrification, but heavy trucks requiring very long unsupported range will need chemical fuels. At the scale of heavy trucks, compressed hydrogen can match the specific energy of diesel, but its energy density is five times lower, limiting range to around 2,000 km. Scaling green hydrogen production and addressing leakage must be priorities. Hydrogen-derived electrofuels—or “e-fuels”—have the potential to scale, and while the economic comparison currently has unknowns, clean air considerations have gained new importance Decarbonized Power Options for Long-haul Commercial Vehicles discusses these energy sources as well as the caveats related to bioenergy usage, and reasons to prefer ethanol or methanol to diesel-type fuels. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2023005

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1468605658

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9781468605655

Electric Road Systems for Dynamic Charging

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

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Electric Road Systems for Dynamic Charging

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

Electric road systems (ERS) enable dynamic charging—the most energy efficient and economical way to decarbonize road vehicles. ERS draw electrical power directly from the grid and enable vehicles with small batteries to operate without the need to stop for charging. The three main technologies (i.e., overhead catenary lines, road-bound conductive tracks, and inductive wireless systems in the road surface) are all technically proven; however, no highway system has been commercialized. Electric Road Systems for Dynamic Charging discusses the technical and economic advantages of dynamic charging and questions the current investment in battery-powered and hydrogen-fueled vehicles. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2022007

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1468604384

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9781468604382

Unsettled Issues Regarding First- and Last-mile Transport

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

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Unsettled Issues Regarding First- and Last-mile Transport

By: Jody Emlyn Muelaner

Sustainable first/last/only-mile (FLO-mile) transport is the key to sustainable travel. It could directly replace private car use for short urban journeys, which account for 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions. More importantly, it could enable public transport to be used for longer journeys, which account for 6% of emissions. Active travel, such as walking and cycling, has the lowest emissions and provides huge economic benefits that pay for the required infrastructure many times over. Unsettled Issues Regarding First- and Last-Mile Transport discusses the mass switch to more sustainable modes of transport and how to increase their perceived value to users. It also covers the prioritization of publicly owned cycles over rideshare options due to the latter’s higher lifecycle emissions, including manufacture, redistribution, and service operations and station construction. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2021024

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1468603868

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Book's by Jody Emlyn Muelaner

The Role of Hybrid Vehicles in a Net-zero Transport System

The Role of Hybrid Vehicles in a Net-zero Transport System

Unsettled Technology Domains for Pathways to Automotive Decarbonization

Unsettled Technology Domains for Pathways to Automotive Decarbonization

Unsettled Issues in Electrical Demand for Automotive Electrification Pathways

Unsettled Issues in Electrical Demand for Automotive Electrification Pathways

Unsettled Issues Regarding Power Options for Decarbonized Commercial Vehicles

Unsettled Issues Regarding Power Options for Decarbonized Commercial Vehicles

The Challenges of Vehicle Decarbonization

The Challenges of Vehicle Decarbonization

Unsettled Issues in Commercial Vehicle Platooning

Unsettled Issues in Commercial Vehicle Platooning

Decarbonized Power Options for Non-road Mobile Machinery

Decarbonized Power Options for Non-road Mobile Machinery

Recyclability and Embodied Energy of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites

Recyclability and Embodied Energy of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites

Unsettled Technology Domains for Rapid and Automated Verification of Industry 4.0 Machine Tools

Unsettled Technology Domains for Rapid and Automated Verification of Industry 4.0 Machine Tools

Generative Design in Aerospace and Automotive Structures

Generative Design in Aerospace and Automotive Structures

Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging on Grid Energy Buffering

Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging on Grid Energy Buffering

Decarbonized Fuel Options for Long-haul Commercial Vehicles

Decarbonized Fuel Options for Long-haul Commercial Vehicles

Electric Road Systems for Dynamic Charging

Electric Road Systems for Dynamic Charging

Unsettled Issues Regarding First- and Last-mile Transport

Unsettled Issues Regarding First- and Last-mile Transport

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