Founded in c.1120, in the aftermath of the First Crusade in Jerusalem, the Order of the Temple was a Christian brotherhood dedicated to the military protection of pilgrims and the Holy Land, attracting followers and supporters throughout Christian Europe. This detailed study explores the close relationship between the Order of the Temple and the landowning families it relied upon for support. Focussing on the regions of Burgundy, Champagne and Languedoc, Jochen Schenk investigates the religious expectations that guided noble and knightly families to found and support Templar communities in the European provinces, and examines the social dynamics and mechanisms that tied these families to each other. The book illustrates the close connection between the presence of Cistercians and the incidence of crusading within Templar family networks, and offers new insights into how collective identities and memory were shaped through ritual and tradition among medieval French-speaking social elites.
In the last two decades there has been an explosion of scholarly interest in the Military Orders. With a history stretching from the early twelfth century to the present day, they were among the richest and most powerful orders of the church in medieval Europe. They founded their own states in Prussia and on the Mediterranean islands of Rhodes and Malta. They are of concern to historians of the Church, art and architecture, government, agriculture, estate management, banking, medicine and warfare, and of the expansion of Europe overseas. The conferences on their history, which have been organized in London every four years, have attracted leading scholars from all over the world. The present volume records the proceedings of the Fourth Conference in 2005 and is essential reading for those interested in the progress of research on these extraordinary institutions. The twenty-seven papers published here represent a selection of those delivered at the conference. Architecture, archaeology and the part which the orders played in Europe are well represented, along with work on northern and eastern Europe. Four papers deal specifically with military or naval matters, while another four deal with the spiritual life of the brothers and sisters. Family relationships represent a growing field of interest. The majority of the papers focus on the Hospitallers, but the volume includes studies on the Templars and the Teutonic Order, as well as the Portuguese military orders.
Hitler’s U-Boats—German submarine aces tell their own stories of war and death under the sea. THEY LIVE WITH DEATH The silent death they deal to the ships above them...and the dark death that waits for them in the depths of the sea. These authentic reports by the top U-Boat commanders of World War II tell the vivid story of the terrors and triumphs of the war under the waves—its heroics and horrors, and the final defeat of Germany’s most effective war arm. THE HUNTERS “Fire one!”—and a torpedo’s wake points a white finger of death at an Allied warship. The U-boats prowl the seas, hunting victims and striking with the merciless, lethal speed of a cobra...but the hunters are also THE HUNTED “Dive!”—and the sub plummets downward, rocked by the crash of depth charges...or surfaces to meet a hell of shellfire and bombs! Here is the full story of the men and weapons that almost won the war for Hitler—first-hand stories of undersea action by the U-boat aces themselves.
Seven hundred years after the dissolution of the order, the trial of the Templars still arouses enormous controversy and speculation. In October 1307, all the brothers of the military-religious order of the Temple in France were arrested on the instructions of King Philip IV and charged with heresy and other crimes. In 1312, Pope Clement V, at the Council of Vienne, dissolved the order. Since the 1970s, there has been increasing scholarly interest in the trial, and a series of books and articles have widened scholars' understanding of causes of this notorious affair, its course and its aftermath. However, many gaps in knowledge and understanding remain. What were the Templars doing in the months and years before the trial? Why did the king of France attack the Order? What evidence is there for the Templars' guilt? What became of the Templars and their property after the end of the Order? This book collects together the research of both junior and senior scholars from around the world in order to establish the current state of scholarship and identify areas for new research. Individual chapters examine various aspects of the background to the trial, the financial, political and religious context of the trial in France, the value of the Templars' testimonies, and consider the trial across the whole of Europe, from Poland and Cyprus to Ireland and Portugal. Rather than trying to close the discussion on the trial of the Templars, this book opens a new chapter in the ongoing scholarly debate.
Published in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum This invaluable work traces the role of the Einsatzgruppen of the Security Police and SD, the core group of Himmler’s murder units involved in the “Final Solution of the Jewish Question,” during and immediately after the German campaign in Poland in 1939. In addition to relevant Einsatzgruppen reports, the book includes key documents from other sources, especially eyewitness accounts from victims or onlookers. Such accounts provide an alternative, often much more realistic, perspective on the nature and consequences of the actions previously known only through documentation generated by the perpetrators. With carefully selected primary sources contextualized by the authors’ clear narrative, this work fills an important gap in our understanding of a crucial period in the evolution of policies directed against Jews, Poles, and others deemed dangerous or inferior by the Third Reich. Supplemented by maps and photographs, this book will be an essential reference and research tool.
This unique text/reference presents a unified approach to the formulation of Gestalt laws for perceptual grouping, and the construction of nested hierarchies by aggregation utilizing these laws. The book also describes the extraction of such constructions from noisy images showing man-made objects and clutter. Each Gestalt operation is introduced in a separate, self-contained chapter, together with application examples and a brief literature review. These are then brought together in an algebraic closure chapter, followed by chapters that connect the method to the data – i.e., the extraction of primitives from images, cooperation with machine-readable knowledge, and cooperation with machine learning. Topics and features: offers the first unified approach to nested hierarchical perceptual grouping; presents a review of all relevant Gestalt laws in a single source; covers reflection symmetry, frieze symmetry, rotational symmetry, parallelism and rectangular settings, contour prolongation, and lattices; describes the problem from all theoretical viewpoints, including syntactic, probabilistic, and algebraic perspectives; discusses issues important to practical application, such as primitive extraction and any-time search; provides an appendix detailing a general adjustment model with constraints. This work offers new insights and proposes novel methods to advance the field of machine vision, which will be of great benefit to students, researchers, and engineers active in this area.
Compared to adults, children and adolescents suffer from different diseases and require different treatments. The same is true where imaging is concerned. The diagnostic strategies are different. The care prior to, during, and following the examination also differs from that of adults. This CME accredited Manual provides a comprehensive overview on the field of paediatric radiology and suggests imaging strategies for the most common clinical indications in children and adolescents.
This book describes the opening of the Hungarian economy from the early This book describes the opening of the Hungarian economy from the early1980s to the current transition. It analyses the management of external debt and international competitiveness, and shows that the dismal economic performance of the country was only partially homemade. Assurances by the international financial community - that uninterrupted debt service would guarantee access to international capital markets - as well as protectionist western trade practices contributed considerably to Hungary's difficulties in credit management and export performance.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.