This book offers an introduction to cryptology, the science that makes secure communications possible, and addresses its two complementary aspects: cryptography—--the art of making secure building blocks—--and cryptanalysis—--the art of breaking them. The text describes some of the most important systems in detail, including AES, RSA, group-based and lattice-based cryptography, signatures, hash functions, random generation, and more, providing detailed underpinnings for most of them. With regard to cryptanalysis, it presents a number of basic tools such as the differential and linear methods and lattice attacks. This text, based on lecture notes from the author’s many courses on the art of cryptography, consists of two interlinked parts. The first, modern part explains some of the basic systems used today and some attacks on them. However, a text on cryptology would not be complete without describing its rich and fascinating history. As such, the colorfully illustrated historical part interspersed throughout the text highlights selected inventions and episodes, providing a glimpse into the past of cryptology. The first sections of this book can be used as a textbook for an introductory course to computer science or mathematics students. Other sections are suitable for advanced undergraduate or graduate courses. Many exercises are included. The emphasis is on providing reasonably complete explanation of the background for some selected systems.
The result of a lecture series, this textbook is oriented towards students and newcomers to the field and discusses theoretical foundations as well as experimental realizations in detail. The authors are experienced teachers and have tailored this book to the needs of students. They present the basics of quantum communication and quantum information processing, leading readers to modern technical implementations. In addition, they discuss errors and decoherence as well as methods of avoiding and correcting them.
In recent years, nanoelectronics has become very interdisciplinary requiring students to master aspects of physics, electrical engineering, chemistry etc. The 2nd edition of this textbook is a comprehensive overview of nanoelectronics covering the necessary quantum mechanical and solid-state physics foundation, an overview of semiconductor fabrication as well as a brief introduction into device simulation using the non-equilibrium Greens function formalism. Equipped with this, the work discusses nanoscale field-effect transistors and alternative device concepts such as Schottky-barrier MOSFETs as well as steep slope transistors based on different materials. In addition, cryogenic operation of MOSFETs for the realization of, e.g., classical control electronics of semiconducting spin qubits is studied. The work contains a number of tasks, examples and exercises with step-by-step video solutions as well as tutorial videos that deepen the understanding of the material. With additional access to simulation tools that allow students to do computational experiments, the emphasis is on thorough explanation of the material enabling students to carry out their own research.
Stromatolites are the most intriguing geobiological structures of the entire earth history since the beginning of the fossil record in the Archaean. Stromatolites and microbialites are interpreted as biosedimentological remains of biofilms and microbial mats. These structures are important environmental and evolutionary archives which give us information about ancient habitats, biodiversity, and evolution of complex benthic ecosystems. However, many geobiological aspects of these structures are still unknown or only poorly understood. The present proceedings highlight the new ideas and information on the formation and environmental setting of stromatolites presented at the occasion of the Kalkowsky Symposium 2008, held in Göttingen, Germany.
This major new biography of Richard Wagner is iconoclastic, astringent and bold. It explores the philosophical roots of Wagner's work, which the composer himself deliberately obfuscated. It re-evaluates Wagner's relationships with his mother, step-father and - most revealingly - his wife, Cosima, standing received opinion on its head. And he meets head on, and confirms, the controversy over Wagner's anti-semitism. At the same time, and notwithstanding, Kohler profoundly acknowledges Wagner's genius.
In this concise but stimulating book on history and Greek culture, Hans-Joachim Gehrke continues to refine his work on 'intentional history', which he defines as a history in the self-understanding of social groups and communities – connected to a corresponding understanding of the other – which is important, even essential, for the collective identity, social cohesion, political behaviour and the cultural orientation of such units. In a series of four chapters Gehrke illustrates how Greeks' histories were consciously employed to help shape political and social realities. In particular, he argues that poets were initially the masters of the past and that this dominance of the aesthetic in the view of the past led to an indissoluble amalgamation of myth and history and lasting tension between poetry and truth in the genre of historiography. The book reveals a more sophisticated picture of Greek historiography, its intellectual foundations, and its wider social-political contexts.
The use of the colour blue in historical shipbuilding raises many questions. Which pigments and colours were available and how were they used? What was used in shipbuilding? Join us on a fascinating journey back over 5,500 years from the discovery of the first blue pigments to modern times. A wealth of sources and pictorial materials round off the well-researched text. Be surprised by the long history of the colour blue and its rôle in shipbuilding.
This lab manual guides chemists through demonstrations of synergistic effects between polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles. After a short introduction into the field of polyelectrolytes and polyelectrolyte characterization, the book discusses the role of polyelectrolytes in the process of nanoparticle formation. The book also explains methods for characterization of the polyelectrolyte-modified nanoparticles.
The only listing of historic persons and birth, deaths and affiliations for western Canadian native peoples and fur trade workers for the Fur Trade eras of 1600 to 1900.
This book gives an account of the necessary background for group algebras and crossed products for actions of a group or a semigroup on a space and reports on some very recently developed techniques with applications to particular examples. Much of the material is available here for the first time in book form. The topics discussed are among the most classical and intensely studied C*-algebras. They are important for applications in fields as diverse as the theory of unitary group representations, index theory, the topology of manifolds or ergodic theory of group actions. Part of the most basic structural information for such a C*-algebra is contained in its K-theory. The determination of the K-groups of C*-algebras constructed from group or semigroup actions is a particularly challenging problem. Paul Baum and Alain Connes proposed a formula for the K-theory of the reduced crossed product for a group action that would permit, in principle, its computation. By work of many hands, the formula has by now been verified for very large classes of groups and this work has led to the development of a host of new techniques. An important ingredient is Kasparov's bivariant K-theory. More recently, also the C*-algebras generated by the regular representation of a semigroup as well as the crossed products for actions of semigroups by endomorphisms have been studied in more detail. Intriguing examples of actions of such semigroups come from ergodic theory as well as from algebraic number theory. The computation of the K-theory of the corresponding crossed products needs new techniques. In cases of interest the K-theory of the algebras reflects ergodic theoretic or number theoretic properties of the action.
Many drugs and other xenobiotics (e.g., preservatives, insecticides, and plastifiers) contain hydrolyzable moieties such as ester or amide groups. In biological media, such foreign compounds are, therefore, important substrates for hydrolytic reactions catalyzed by hydrolases or proceeding non-enzymatically. Despite their significance, until now, no book has been dedicated to hydrolysis and hydrolases in the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics. This work fills a gap in the literature and reviews metabolic reactions of hydrolysis and hydarion from the point of views of enzymes, substrates, and reactions.
An Investigation into Economic and Social Conditions during the New Testament Period, including: Economic conditions in the city of Jerusalem, economic status, social status, and the maintenance of racial purity.
Hermann Gunkel's commentary on Psalms (Die Psalmen, HKAT) - by many considered to be his magnum opus - was published in 1926. But he was unable to complete his final work on the Psalms. The severe suffering of his final months of life forced him to hand over his incomplete manuscript, at Christmastime 1931-1932, to his pupil Joachim Begrich. Gunkel died on 11 March 1932. Begrich put the final touches on the organization of Gunkel's last work on Psalms, and it was published in 1933 as Einleitung in die Psalmen: die Gattungen der religiosen Lyrik Israels.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 30th Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, KI 2007, held in Osnabrück, Germany, September 2007. The papers are organized in topical sections on cognition and emotion, semantic Web, analogy, natural language, reasoning, ontologies, spatio-temporal reasoning, machine learning, spatial reasoning, robot learning, classical AI problems, and agents.
In this extraordinary literary journey, embark on a spiritual odyssey guided by the tender hands of a prodigious young author who, at the tender age of 10, has crafted a work of profound significance. This remarkable book distils intricate doctrines into a form accessible to all. The author's passion shines through as he delves into the profound mysteries of the Doctrine of the Trinity, the Doctrine of the First Sin, and other theological intricacies. What sets this book apart is that it shares the sacred knowledge of the Church, accessible to all ages and backgrounds, fostering a deeper connection between believers and their faith. Prepare to be captivated by the innocence, wisdom, and devotion that radiate from the pages of this extraordinary work—a testament to the boundless potential of faith and the transformative power of a child's heart.
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