Cellular Internet of Things: Technologies, Standards and Performance gives insight into the recent work performed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to develop systems for the Cellular Internet of Things. It presents both the design of the new Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology and how GSM and LTE have evolved to provide Cellular Internet of Things services. The criteria used for the design and objectives of the standardization work are explained, and the technical details and performance of each technology is presented. This book discusses the overall competitive landscape for providing wireless connectivity, also introducing the most promising technologies in the market. Users will learn how cellular systems work and how they can be designed to cater to challenging new requirements that are emerging in the telecom industry, what the physical layers and procedures in idle and connected mode look like in EC-GSM-IoT, LTE-M, and NB-IoT, and what the expected performance of these new systems is in terms of expected coverage, battery lifetime, data throughput, access delay time and device cost. Learn: How cellular systems work, and how they can be designed to cater for challenging new requirements emerging in the telecom industry. How the physical layers and the procedures in idle and connected mode look like in EC-GSM-IoT, LTE-M, and NB-IoT. What the expected performance of these new systems is in terms of expected coverage, battery lifetime, data throughput, access delay time, and device cost. How the Low-Power-Wide-Area IoT market segment looks like and how different available solutions compare in terms of performance and compatibility with already existing radio networks. What system capacity and network level performance can be achieved when deploying these new systems, and in addition what deployment options are possible. Provides a detailed introduction to the EC-GSM-IoT, LTE-M and NB-IoT technologies Presents network performance of the 3GPP cellular technologies, along with an analysis of the performance of non-cellular alternatives operating in unlicensed spectrum Includes prediction of true performance levels using state-of-the-art simulation models developed in the 3GPP standardization process
Cellular Internet of Things: From Massive Deployments to Critical 5G Applications, Second Edition, gives insights into the recent and rapid work performed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and the Multefire Alliance (MFA) to develop systems for the Cellular IoT. Beyond the technologies, readers will learn what the mMTC and cMTC market segments look like, deployment options and expected performance in terms of system capacity, expected battery lifetime, data throughput, access delay time and device cost, regulations for operation in unlicensed frequency bands, and how they impact system design and performance. This new edition contains updated content on the latest EC-GSM IoT, LTE-M and NB-IoT features in 3GPP Release 15, critical communication, i.e. URLLC, specified in 3GPP Release 15 for both LTE and NR, LTE-M and NB-IoT for unlicensed frequency bands specified in the Multefire Alliance (MFA), and an updated outlook of what the future holds in Industrial IoT and drone communications, amongst other topics. Provides ubiquitous wireless connectivity for a diverse range of services and applications, describing their performance and how their specifications were developed to meet the most demanding requirements Describes licensed and unlicensed technologies based on 2G, 4G and 5G technologies and how they have evolved towards the Cellular IoT Presents the Narrowband Internet of Things technology and how GSM, LTE and NR have been designed to provide Cellular Internet of Things services Provides use cases that cover ultra-low complex systems connecting billions of devices (massive MTC, mMTC), critical MTC and cMTC based on Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) to meet strict latency and reliability requirements
This major new biography of Richard Wagner is iconoclastic, astringent and bold. It explores the philosophical roots of Wagner's work, which the composer himself deliberately obfuscated. It re-evaluates Wagner's relationships with his mother, step-father and - most revealingly - his wife, Cosima, standing received opinion on its head. And he meets head on, and confirms, the controversy over Wagner's anti-semitism. At the same time, and notwithstanding, Kohler profoundly acknowledges Wagner's genius.
The Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, marked a critical turning point in the European theater of World War II. The massive landing on France's coast had been meticulously planned for three years, and the Allies anticipated a quick and decisive defeat of the German forces. Many of the planners were surprised, however, by the length of time it ultimately took to defeat the Germans. While much has been written about D-day, very little has been written about the crucial period from August to September, immediately after the invasion. In Rückzug, Joachim Ludewig draws on military records from both sides to show that a quick defeat of the Germans was hindered by excessive caution and a lack of strategic boldness on the part of the Allies, as well as by the Germans' tactical skill and energy. This intriguing study, translated from German, not only examines a significant and often overlooked phase of the war, but also offers a valuable account of the conflict from the perspective of the German forces.
. . . this volume is an excellent resource for those interested in the analysis of institutions' design and economic development. . .' - Oscar Alfranca, Progress in Development Studies The main theme of this study is the political economy of policy reform in less developed countries and post-socialist countries. Given the complexity of economic development and transition, Joachim Ahrens views failures in policy reform, poor public sector management, rent-seeking, corruption, and over-centralization as systematic, though not exclusive, instances of institutional failure.
Accessory liability is an often neglected but very important topic across all areas of private law. By providing a principled analytical framework for the law of accessories and identifying common themes and problems that arise in the law, this book provides much-needed clarity. It explains the fundamental concepts that are used to impose liability on accessories, particularly the conduct and mental elements of liability: 'involvement' in the primary wrong and (generally) knowledge. It also sets out in detail the specific rules and principles of liability as these operate in different areas of common law, equity and statute. A comparative study across common law and criminal law jurisdictions, including the United States, also sheds new light on what is and what is not accessory liability.
Without resolute counteraction, climate change will overstretch many societies' adaptive capacities within the coming decades. This could result in destabilization and violence, jeopardizing national and international security to a new degree. However, climate change could also unite the international community. This is provided that we recognize climate change as a threat to humankind and so set the course for adopting a dynamic and globally coordinated climate policy. If we fail to do so, climate change will draw ever-deeper lines of division and conflict in international relations, triggering numerous conflicts between and within countries over the distribution of resources - especially water and land, and over the management of migration, or over compensation payments between the countries mainly responsible for climate change and those countries most affected by its destructive effects. With Climate Change as a Security Risk, WBGU has compiled a flagship report on an issue that quite rightly is rising rapidly up the international political agenda. The authors pull no punches on the likelihood of increasing tensions and conflicts in a climatically constrained world and spotlight places where possible conflicts may flare up in the 21st century unless climate change is checked. The report makes it clear that climate policy is preventative security policy.
We are pleased by the positive resonance of our book which now necessitates a fourth edition. We have used this opportunity to implement corrections of misprints and amendments at several places, and to extend and improve the discussion of many of the exercises and examples. We hope that our presentation of the method of equivalent photons (Example 3. 17), the form factor of the electron (Example 5. 7), the infrared catastrophe (Example 5. 8) and the energy shift of atomic levels (Example 5. 9)arenow even better to understand. The new Exercise 5. 10 shows in detail how to arrive at the non-relativistic limit for the calculation of form factors. Moreover, we have brought up-to-date the Biographical Notes about physicists who have contributed to the dev- opment of quantum electrodynamics, and references to experimental tests of the t- ory. For example, there has been recent progress in the determination of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton (discussed in Exercise 3. 5 on the Rosenbluth formula) and the Lamb shift of high-Z atoms (discussed in Example 5. 9 on the energy shift of atomic levels), while the experimental veri cation of the birefringence of the QED vacuum in a strong magnetic eld (Example 7. 8) remains unsettled and is a topic of active ongoing research.
This book contains the first study of the musical culture of ancient Israel/Palestine based primarily on the archaeological record. Noted musicologist Joachim Braun explores the music of the Holy Land region of the Middle East, tracing its form and development from its beginning in the Stone Age to the fourth century A.D. This is not a study of music in the Bible or music in biblical times but a unique, in-depth investigation of the historical periods and cultures that influenced the music of the region and its people. Braun combines significant archaeological findings -- musical instruments, terra cotta and metal figures, etched stone illustrations, mosaics -- with evidence drawn from written (mainly biblical) texts and anthropological, sociological, and linguistic sources. The portrait Braun assembles of this past musical world is both fascinating and innovative, suggesting a reconsideration of many views long accepted by tradition. Enhanced with numerous illustrations and photographs that bring the archaeological evidence to life, this exceptional work will be a valued resource for scholars, students, and general readers interested in the history of music, biblical studies, Jewish studies, and the cultures of the ancient Near East.
Stimulus spending to address the economic crisis brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to either facilitate the transition away from fossil energy or to lock in carbon-intensive technologies and infrastructure for decades to come. Whether they are focused on green sectors or not, stimulus measures can alleviate or reinforce socio-economic inequality. This Element delves into the data in the Energy Policy Tracker to assess the extent to which energy policies adopted during the pandemic will expedite decarbonization and explores whether governments address inequities through policies targeted to disadvantaged, marginalized and underserved individuals and communities. The overall finding is that the recovery has not been sufficiently green or just. Nevertheless, a small number of policies aim to advance distributive justice and provide potential models for policymakers as they continue to attempt to 'build back better'. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The United Nations is in need of reform. There has always been widespread agreement that this is the case – indeed throughout the 60-year history of the Organization. Differences over the best cure reflect the political confrontation between its 191 member states. The institution has been criticized to lack legitimacy, to need accountability and to be inefficient with a bloated bureaucracy. Recently, allegations of mismanagement and corruption in the Oil-for-Food Program have led to a crisis of confidence. The public debate followed reform initiatives for enlarging the Security Council, achieving the Millennium Development Goals, and establishing new collective mechanisms to protect human rights, counter terrorism and respond to crimes against humanity. Strengthening oversight, governance and management practices aimed at introducing fundamental institutional changes. The publication describes the reform process leading to the United Nations Summit in September 2005. The achievements remain disappointing with the failure to approve a grand bargain. A number of recommendations are put forward to facilitate the reform process in the United Nations, realising, however, that this will remain cumbersome and a lengthy step-by-step effort.
With one new volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of botany. The present volume includes reviews on plant physiology, genetics, taxonomy and geobotany.
With one new volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of botany. The present volume includes reviews on structural botany, plant physiology, genetics, taxonomy, and geobotany.
This book constitutes the fascinating work of Dr. Hans-Joachim Rudolph to portray the concept of Microvita in a physics framework that can be studied objectively. It offers a smooth integration of Microvita (units of consciousness) into a well-grounded scientific scenario, consistent with the equations of Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and Schrdinger. It also provides a link between the worlds of perception and conception and implies that the distinct disciplines of physics, biology, psychology, and mathematics can be merged into one science of everything. So what has Dr. Rudolph done? To explain the mind-body problem, he has structured a universal grid, consisting of the cognitive and operative aspects of the supreme causal factor. Its lattice width is in the range of Planck length and can release 2x2 matrices of primary matter as well as complex 4x4 matrices, which contain the key qualities of elementary particles. Then, by means of a modified positive or negative creation operator, particles can be produced, which contain imaginary representations of the opposite qualities, thereby modeling the phenomenon of quantum entanglement - an approach that provides the basis of our universal interconnectedness. Let us now enter the arena of human propensities and self-realization, which is of prime concern to all of us: Dr. Rudolph postulates that neuronal assemblies are quantum objects, susceptible to a Quantum Zeno-like effect. Their electrical activities are transient and unstable, but can be stabilized by the production and annihilation of quasiparticles at defined frequencies () and durations (t), which is, in turn, controlled by sets of synchronized Microvita. In this context, three levels of Microvita are to be distinguished: biological, psychological, and spiritual. Energization of the chakras in meditation can stimulate Microvita to cause biological regeneration and disease curing as well as to attain higher consciousness attributes. Then, ideating on and illuminating the mind with cosmic consciousness can attract spiritual Microvita to help rejuvenate the mind by dissolving its embedded psychic impressions, leading to self-realization. Thus it can be seen that Microvita have a distinctive role in guiding our life journey towards its cosmic abode. I greatly complement Dr. Rudolph for this book, which will hopefully invoke the interest of many independent minds to explore and discover the new science of Microvita.
During the past two decades, many attempts have been made to refocus stratification research and the study of inequality. The contributors to this volume have a long-term concern with the importance of space and locality. Many of them belonged to a research project during the early 1980s that had as one of its main aims the analysis of labor force
Cryoelectron microscopy of biological molecules is among the hottest growth areas in biophysics and structural biology at present, and Frank is arguably the most distinguished practitioner of this art. CryoEM is likely over the next few years to take over much of the structural approaches currently requiring X-ray crystallography, because one can now get good and finely detailed images of single molecules down to as little as 200,000 MW, covering a substantial share of the molecules of greatest biomedical research interest. This book, the successor to an earlier work published in 1996 with Academic Press, is a natural companion work to our forthcoming book on electron crystallography by Robert Glaeser, with contributions by six others, including Frank. A growing number of workers will employ CryoEM for structural studies in their own research, and a large proportion of biomedical researchers will have a growing interest in understanding what the capabilities and limits of this approach are.
The authors demonstrate the broad and complex topics of retail management in 15 lessons. Each lesson includes a thematic overview of key issues and a comprehensive case study. International best practice companies are used to highlight managerial implications and the key discussion points.
What the loans and defaults of a sixteenth-century Spanish king can tell us about sovereign debt today Why do lenders time and again loan money to sovereign borrowers who promptly go bankrupt? When can this type of lending work? As the United States and many European nations struggle with mountains of debt, historical precedents can offer valuable insights. Lending to the Borrower from Hell looks at one famous case—the debts and defaults of Philip II of Spain. Ruling over one of the largest and most powerful empires in history, King Philip defaulted four times. Yet he never lost access to capital markets and could borrow again within a year or two of each default. Exploring the shrewd reasoning of the lenders who continued to offer money, Mauricio Drelichman and Hans-Joachim Voth analyze the lessons from this important historical example. Using detailed new evidence collected from sixteenth-century archives, Drelichman and Voth examine the incentives and returns of lenders. They provide powerful evidence that in the right situations, lenders not only survive despite defaults—they thrive. Drelichman and Voth also demonstrate that debt markets cope well, despite massive fluctuations in expenditure and revenue, when lending functions like insurance. The authors unearth unique sixteenth-century loan contracts that offered highly effective risk sharing between the king and his lenders, with payment obligations reduced in bad times. A fascinating story of finance and empire, Lending to the Borrower from Hell offers an intelligent model for keeping economies safe in times of sovereign debt crises and defaults.
An Investigation into Economic and Social Conditions during the New Testament Period, including: Economic conditions in the city of Jerusalem, economic status, social status, and the maintenance of racial purity.
The goal of this book is to formulate a modern theoretical approach for rhetorical studies in a variety of disciplines in the humanities, media research, and other cultural studies. The discipline of rhetoric originally concerned itself with linguistic forms of communication, and its basic theory was developed with such cases in mind. With respect to this ancient tradition, there are numerous books that provide a historical overview of the field. There is also a wide array of introductory works and research contributions that deal with the practice of political rhetoric. On the other hand, only a few 20th century academics have attempted to theoretically rehabilitate rhetoric (after its decline as an academic discipline in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries) and to give rhetorical theory a modern, new, and further reaching perspective. Two notable examples have been Kenneth Burke and Brian Vickers. The book begins with the assumption that rhetoric is not merely limited to linguistic action, but rather is present everywhere in the communicative world. Against this background, this work develops a modern theory of rhetoric, and demonstrates in twelve chapters how methodical rhetorical analysis can be done in selected practical fields of application (Literature, Music, Images, and Film).
This book is the first major study of the history of environmentalism, from its origins in romanticism and the nature cults of the late 18th century to the global environmental movements of today. Radkau shows that this is not a single story of the steady ascent of environmentalism but rather a multiplicity of stories, each with its own dramatic tension: between single-issue movements and the challenges posed by the interconnection of environmental issues, between charismatic leaders and bureaucratic organizations, and between grassroot movements and global players. While the history can be traced back several centuries, environmentalism has flourished since the ‘environmental revolution’ of 1970, spurred on by the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986 and the growing concern about global warming. While environmentalists often opposed the scientific mainstream, they were also often led by scientific knowledge. Environmentalism is the true Enlightenment of our time Ð so much so that we can call our era ‘the age of ecology’. This timely and comprehensive global history of environmentalism will be essential reading for anyone concerned with the most pressing global issues of our time.
In its case law, the European Court of Human Rights has acknowledged that national courts are bound to give effect to Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) which sets out the right to private and family life, when they rule on controversies between private individuals. Article 8 of the ECHR has thus been accorded mittelbare Drittwirkung or indirect ‘third-party’ effect in private law relationships. The German law of privacy, centring on the "allgemeines Persönlichkeitsrecht", has quite a long history, and the influence of the European Court of Human Rights’ interpretation of the ECHR has led to a strengthening of privacy protection in the German law. This book considers how English courts could possibly use and adapt structures adopted by the German legal order in response to rulings from the European Court of Human Rights, to strengthen the protection of privacy in the private sphere.
Internationally recognized Bach authority Hans-Joachim Schulze authored a 225-part series on the cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach. In this collection, James A. Brokaw II translates a selection of the essays, illuminating a wide range of biographical and cultural features of Bach’s life and creative milieu. Schulze’s lively and engaging discussions provide a wealth of rewarding insights and perspectives focusing on individual cantatas, their texts, and the questions of chronology and context that attend them. The University of Illinois Press has paired the volume with a special web-based companion overseen by the translator and hosted by the Illinois Open Publishing Network. This online resource includes Brokaw’s translations of all 225 of Schulze’s essays alongside digital tools for searching, sorting, and bundling the commentaries according to date of composition, position within the liturgical church year sequence, and librettist.
Generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation of nonlinear systems has two important advantages over conventional maximum likelihood (ML) estimation: GMM estimation usually requires less restrictive distributional assumptions and remains computationally attractive when ML estimation becomes burdensome or even impossible. This book presents an in-depth treatment of the conditional moment approach to GMM estimation of models frequently encountered in applied microeconometrics. It covers both large sample and small sample properties of conditional moment estimators and provides an application to empirical industrial organization. With its comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the subject which includes topics like bootstrapping and empirical likelihood techniques, the book addresses scientists, graduate students and professionals in applied econometrics.
Joachim Jan Thraen uses insights from history to provide a fresh perspective on China’s potential transition towards a global innovation leader. He applies historical evidence from countries like the United States, Germany, and Japan in the 19th and 20th century and builds on results from four case studies to reveal key strategies that firms can utilize to leverage China as a global hub of innovation. China’s large market, strong manufacturing networks, increasing R&D capabilities, and a government strongly supporting innovation provide unique opportunities for new forms of innovation driven by efficiency, rapid commercialization, and large volumes. Managers that understand China’s innovation trajectory and adjust innovation strategies accordingly will achieve greater success in mastering innovation in China as a foundation for global competitiveness.
This book follows the credo "Don't work hard - work smart". Smart in the sense of cleverness, systematic organization of work and time as well as farsightedness to open up business perspectives. In alphabetical order, the book presents the success factors, methods and strategies that help strengthen market positions and realign strategies. The clear chapters are also very suitable for reference. The book is aimed at managers, executives and self-employed people who want to use their most valuable resources sustainably and consciously to develop products and services that customers really want. Over 100 national and international case studies provide a high utility value. For the 2nd edition, numerous text passages have been revised, new case studies have been integrated and up-to-date data material has been made accessible. With valuable practical tips at the end of each chapter. The electronic usage of the German-language edition of the book has so far led to more than 1.6 million accesses.
Joachim Rathmann presents the interdisciplinary relationships between landscapes and health. Nature is to be regarded as an elementary health resource, because movement in near-natural surroundings has demonstrably positive influences on human health and is summarized in many ways in the concept of "therapeutic landscapes". Natural areas offer an important resource for strengthening health, especially to an aging society, which can also be measured economically. The author presents natural science, social science, and humanities research in a clear, understandable, and concise manner for a broad readership. At the same time he gives suggestions for a conscious handling of the sensitive resource landscape and for a regular observation of nature. This springer essential is a translation of the original German 1st edition essentials,Therapeutic landscapes by Joachim Rathmann, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2020.The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
- How do unconscious motivational needs (i.e., implicit motives) influence physiological, cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses to incentives? - How can implicit motives be measured? - How are they shaped by culture, how do they influence political and societal processes? - Why are they often mismatched with the explicit beliefs people have about their motivational needs and what are the consequences of such mismatches? - How can we use knowledge about implicit motives in clinical, business, and school contexts to help people achieve their goals? These are some of the topics this comprehensive book presents in 18 clearly written chapters, contributed by leading authorities in the field. It represents a state-of-the-art reference for all researchers and practitioners interested in human motivation. Bringing together exciting new research on a central topic in human motivation, this volume is an important addition to the libraries of personality, social, and cognitive psychologists, affective and social neuroscientists, clinical psychologists, as well as graduate students in these fields and practitioners.
In Minkowski-Space the space-time of special relativity is discussed on the basis of fundamental results of space-time theory. This idea has the consequence that the Minkowski-space can be characterized by 5 axioms, which determine its geometrical and kinematical structure completely. In this sense Minkowski-Space is a prolegomenon for the formulation of other branches of special relativity, like mechanics, electrodynamics, thermodynamics etc. But these applications are not subjects of this book. Contents Basic properties of special relativity Further properties of Lorentz matrices Further properties of Lorentz transformations Decomposition of Lorentz matrices and Lorentz transformations Further structures on Ms Tangent vectors in Ms Orientation Kinematics on Ms Some basic notions of relativistic theories
In this groundbreaking biography, the author seeks to understand Nietzsche's philosophy through a reconstruction of his inner life. "Briskly written . . . almost a philosophical detective story."--"Volksblatt." 43 illustrations.
In the first single-author account of German history from the Reformation to the early nineteenth century since Hajo Holborn's study written in the 1950s, Dr Whaley provides a full account of the history of the Holy Roman Empire. Volume II extends from the Peace of Westphalia to the Dissolution of the Reich.
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