Currently, the field of information systems technology is rapidly extending into several dimensions. There is the semantic dimension (including object orientation, data deduction and extended knowledge representation schemes), there is improved systems integration, and there are new tools. All these extensions aim to provide semantically richer and better engineered information systems that allow for more adequate and complete representations and thus extend the effective use of database technology to a wider class of applications. Database researchers and developers, whether they are committed to application or to system construction, are convinced that next-generation information system technology will be heavily determined by a handful of new concepts that they have to understand and work out in detail now. This volume concentrates on the following topics: - Extended data types and data models, database programming languages; - Rule-based data deduction, expert systems, knowledge bases; - Object orientation and semantic data modelling; - DB application development, methodologies and tools; - Interface technology, parallelism, interoperability, ...; - New database applications.
This book examines EU and US bilateral trade and investment relations with China, their attempts to level the economic playing field and to narrow the ‘reciprocity gap’ in market openness. It explores the extent of EU and US policy change, the underlying factors accounting for this change and compares EU and US foreign economic policy answers to an adversary increasingly perceived as an unfair economic competitor and as a systemic rival. The book covers a broad range of policy areas from ‘trade wars’, trade defense instruments, their reform and use, investment screening, and export control to industrial policies. It makes eclectic use of different strands of International Relations, International Political Economy and Policy Analysis theorizing to account for the extent of, and differences in, the EU and US responses. The People’s Republic of China’s stellar economic and political rise combined with the resilience of its unfair trade practices, its reinforced authoritarian repression at home and its ever more assertive foreign (economic) policy has triggered a shift in perceptions of China, followed by equally profound policy change in the European Union and the US. This book expertly charts and explains this significant shift in stance. This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners in the fields of EU trade policymaking, US foreign/ foreign economic policy, EU-China-US economic relations, European political economy, and more broadly to European studies, Asian studies, International Relations, International Political Economy, and transatlantic relations.
Ötzi the iceman could not do without wood when he was climbing his Alpine glacier, nor could medieval cathedral-builders or today's construction companies. From time immemorial, the skill of the human hand has developed by working wood, so much so that we might say that the handling of wood is a basic element in the history of the human body. The fear of a future wood famine became a panic in the 18th century and sparked the beginnings of modern environmentalism. This book traces the cultural history of wood and offers a highly original account of the connection between the raw material and the human beings who benefit from it. Even more, it shows that wood can provide a key for a better understanding of history, of the pecularities as well as the varieties of cultures, of a co-evolution of nature and culture, and even of the rise and fall of great powers. Beginning with Stone Age hunters, it follows the twists and turns of the story through the Middle Ages and the Industrial Revolution to the global society of the twenty-first century, in which wood is undergoing a varied and unexpected renaissance. Radkau is sceptical of claims that wood is about to disappear, arguing that such claims are self-serving arguments promoted by interest groups to secure cheaper access to, and control over, wood resources. The whole forest and timber industry often strikes the outsider as a world unto itself, a hermetically sealed black box, but when we lift the lid on this box, as Radkau does here, we will be surprised by what we find within. Wide-ranging and accessible, this rich historical analysis of one of our most cherished natural resources will find a wide readership.
Modern English translations of several of the most important essays of Winckelmann, one of the fathers of art history and archaeology and a strong influence on Goethe and Schiller and Weimar Classicism. Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717-68) has long been recognized as one of the founders of modern art history and a major force in the development of archaeology and the study of ancient Greek architecture. He also exerted an influence on the Weimar Classicism of Goethe and Schiller, for whom his description of Greek sculpture as evoking "edle Einfalt und stille Grösse" (noble simplicity and a calm greatness) became a watchword. He contributed to modern scientific archaeology through his application of empirically derived categories of style to the analysis of classical works of art and architecture, and was one of the first to undertake detailed empirical examinations of artifacts and describe them precisely in a way that enabled reasoned conclusions to be drawn about ancient societies and their cultures. Yet several of his important essays are not available in modern English translation. The present volume remedies this situation by collecting four of Winckelmann's most seminal essays on art along with several shorter pieces on the topic, two major if brief essays on architecture, and one longer essay on archaeology. Paired with thisis an introduction covering Winckelmann's life and work. David Carter is retired as Professor of Communicative English at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, and is former Lecturer in German Studies at the University of Southampton, UK. Among his recently published translations from German are Klaus Mann's novel Alexander (2008) and On Cocaine (2011), a collection of Sigmund Freud's writings on the topic.
This book gives a full account of the development process for automotive transmissions. Main topics: - Overview of the traffic – vehicle – transmission system - Mediating the power flow in vehicles - Selecting the ratios - Vehicle transmission systems - basic design principles - Typical designs of vehicle transmissions - Layout and design of important components, e.g. gearshifting mechanisms, moving-off elements, pumps, retarders - Transmission control units - Product development process, Manufacturing technology of vehicle transmissions, Reliability and testing The book covers manual, automated manual and automatic transmissions as well as continuously variable transmissions and hybrid drives for passenger cars and commercial vehicles. Furthermore, final drives, power take-offs and transfer gearboxes for 4-WD-vehicles are considered. Since the release of the first edition in 1999 there have been a lot of changes in the field of vehicles and transmissions. About 40% of the second edition’s content is new or revised with new data.
A practical guide to ICP emission spectrometry, updated with information on the latest developments and applications The revised and updated third edition of ICP Emission Spectrometry contains all the essential information needed for successful ICP OES analyses. In addition, the third edition reflects the most recent developments and applications in the field. Filled with illustrative examples and written in a user-friendly style, the book contains material on the instrumentation instructions on how to develop effective methods. Throughout the text, the author—a noted expert on the topic—incorporates typical questions and problems and provides checklists and detailed instructions for implementation. The third edition includes 10 new chapters that cover recent progress in both the application and methodology of the technology. New information on plasma, the optics, and the detector of the spectrometer is also highlighted. This revised third edition: Contains fresh chapters on the newest developments Presents several new chapters on plasma as well as the optics and the detector of the spectrometer Offers a helpful troubleshooting guide as well as examples of practical applications Includes myriad illustrative examples Written for lab technicians, students, environmental chemists, water chemists, soil chemists, soil scientists, geochemists, and materials scientists, ICP Emission Spectrometry, Third Edition continues to offer the basics for successful ICP OES analyses and has been updated with the latest developments and applications.
Criminal law norms are socially derived, being constructed in political processes, but only recently has criminological research began to focus on the political construction of criminal law. There has been increasing interest in the quality of these political processes, the decisions that result, and the rationales and social forces guiding these decisions. In Constructing White-Collar Crime, Joachim J. Savelsberg, a sociologist, and Peter Brühl, a lawyer, have provided an interdisciplinary case study of the construction of new German laws against white-collar crime, relating their results to internationally comparative findings. The analysis is empirical; it is theoretically grounded in a sociological approach that contrasts Marxist versus pluralist or differentiation theory, and functionalist versus conflict group or action theory. The authors also analyze their findings in relation to Max Weber's theory of rationalization of law. In addition the research is methodologically innovative, introducing the technique of cognitive mapping into the study of criminal justice legislation. The book represents the authors' attempts to bridge the gap between microsociological and macrosociological approaches to the construction of criminal law. The authors analyze action rationales, communication patterns, and power structures as they play out in different stages of the law-making process: claims-making in news media; participation of scholars and practitioners in an expert commission and in parliamentary hearings; involvement of industrial lobbying groups during the drafting of the bill in the Department of Justice; and parliamentary deliberations. The analysis demonstrates the considerable weight of economic and political rationales as opposed to justice criteria in the development of criminal legislation. It also indicates that white-collar crime legislation may have counterproductive consequences. The laws are intended to increase the quality of criminal justice by criminalizing the behavior of the powerful, but the less powerful groups within the white-collar classes are more likely to feel the effects. Constructing White-Collar Crime will be of interest to students and scholars in the areas of sociology, law, and criminology.
Process measurement deals with the quantification of business process models using process model metrics. This book presents a theoretical framework for the prediction of external process model attributes (as, for example, error-proneness and understandabiltiy) based on internal (structural) attributes. The properties of proposed metrics are analyzed. A visualization technique for metric values is introduced and metrics for process model understandability and granularity are evaluated.
This fully revised, industry-standard resource offers practical details on every aspect of the fundamentals necessary for understanding thermal spray technology, from powder all the way to the final part. The second edition is presented in a reader-friendly format that is split into four parts. Part I presents a review of thermal spray coating and its position in the broad field of surface modification technologies. Highlights of combustion and thermal plasmas are given with an expanded treatment of in-flight plasma-particle interactions. The second and third parts deal respectively with an updated presentation of thermal spray technologies and coating formation, including solution and suspension plasma spraying. The last part of the book includes a comparative analysis of different thermal spray processes, which is essential for the optimal selection of the appropriate thermal spray process in a given application. Coverage of system integration has been expanded with the addition of a detailed discussion of online instrumentation and process diagnostics and numerous examples of industrial scale spray booth designs. Attention is also given to coating finishing and health and safety issues. An extensive review is presented of thermal spray applications grouped in terms of process objectives and present use in different industrial sectors. This book will serve as an invaluable resource as a textbook for graduate courses in the field and as an exhaustive reference for professionals involved in the thermal spray field.
With one new volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of botany. The present volume includes reviews on structural botany, plant physiology, genetics, taxonomy, and geobotany.
This book summarizes our current knowledge of MDS, from very basic aspects to the clinical management. It provides guidance to the diagnosis, an understanding of disease mechanisms, and a discussion of treatment strategies.
This book provides readers with the fundamentals necessary for understanding thermal spray technology. Coverage includes in-depth discussions of various thermal spray processes, feedstock materials, particle-jet interactions, and associated yet very critical topics: diagnostics, current and emerging applications, surface science, and pre and post-treatment. This book will serve as an invaluable resource as a textbook for graduate courses in the field and as an exhaustive reference for professionals involved in thermal spray technology.
This book will make you a perfume insider. Discover the effects, trends and future of perfume. Perfumery is on the verge of its third revolution, neuroperfumery, due to new methods of brain research and current findings in fragrance psychology. With this exciting and well-written book, you will gain a comprehensive insight into the creation, world and practice of modern perfumery, as well as interesting insider information. Current findings in psychology, aromatherapy, brain research and neuroperfumery on the effects of fragrances make Beautiful SCENT a treasure trove of new insights. As a non-fiction book with an advice component, it is easy to read without prior knowledge and provides many practical tips. Among other things, you will learn that some perfumes can do much more than just smell good, how perfumers and marketers create their perfumes, which scent preferences prevail and how the effect of scent can specifically influence one's own experience and enjoyment of life. Target groups All those who love perfumes and fragrances and would like to learn more about the magical effect of perfumes on well-being and perhaps play with the idea of creating their own perfume one day. It is also ideal for those who work in the fragrance, cosmetics and beauty industry and would like to refresh their knowledge of perfumes. About the author Dr. Joachim Mensing is a qualified psychologist, sociologist and trained nose with over 30 years of professional experience in perfumery and fragrance therapy. At one of the largest fragrance manufacturers, he became a trend coach for perfumers and developed methods of perfume development and marketing. Many of the perfumes he worked on received coveted awards such as the Fifi Award, the Oscar for perfumes. He himself received the honorary award of the FRAGRANCE FOUNDATION for the development and marketing of the perfumes Cool Water by Davidoff, Joop! and Jil Sander, and he was also recognized for studies in neuroperfumery and neuropsychology.
The world of steel is constantly evolving and has become astonishingly diverse, indeed so complex that it is not easy to keep track of it in practice. The aim is to give readers an understanding of this world, from steelmaking, ingot and continuous casting, forming and machining to finishing, testing and packaging of the products, the processes and equipment predominantly used throughout, including the environmentally compatible recycling and disposal of waste.
This textbook covers the theoretical principles and technology of railway and tramway vehicles. In addition to the legal principles, driving resistances, drives, brakes, running dynamics and running gears as well as the supporting structures and superstructures are dealt with. Great importance is attached to clear illustrations and numerous examples. With the help of this book, even engineers and railway enthusiasts from other disciplines can successfully familiarize themselves with the field of railway vehicle technology. The present edition has been revised and supplemented by the chapter "Engineering in rail vehicle construction".
In its latest Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) projects that without further action the global average surface t- perature would rise by a further 1. 8–4. 0°C until the end of this century. But even if the rise in temperature could be limited to the lower end of this range, irreversible and possibly catastrophic changes are likely to occur. Consequently, the protection of the earth’s atmosphere requires substantial efforts to reduce CO and other green- 2 house gas emissions – especially in countries with very high per capita emissions. To limit the imminent rise in temperature, in the Kyoto-Protocol, the European Union has committed itself to reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases by 8% up to 2008–2012 compared to 1990 levels. Within the EU burden sharing agr- ment, some countries have to achieve even higher emissions reductions. Germany was assigned a reduction target of 21%. The entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol in February 2005 marks a first step towards meting global climate targets, but more ambitious action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is needed after 2012, when the Kyoto targets expire. Under German presidency, the EU has committed itself to unilaterally reduce its greenhouse gas emissions until 2020 by 20%. In case a Post- Kyoto agreement can be reached, the EU reduction target would be 30% (CEU, 2007).
Conference report on sociological aspects and changing value system concerning employment, with particular reference to Germany, Federal Republic - examines social theories and trends in service sectors and the informal sector esp. Social structures, occupational structure, labour force participation of woman workers, impact of work at home on the family, and social implications of the economic recession; reviews decision making for employment policy formulation, occupations of university graduates, crisis of the welfare state. Conference held in Bamberg 1982 Oct 13 to 16.
Askese und Mystizismus Sakramentalismus und Prophetismus als Idealtypen des Glaubens Die Religionssoziologie leidet bis in die Gegenwart hauptsächlich unter zwei Beengungen: der kulturell bedingten Gleichsetzung von Religion mit Monotheis mus einerseits und der Durkheimschen Reduktion der Religion auf die Gesell schaft andererseits. Eingeleitet durch die Identitätsphilosophie Schellings und Hegels mit einem ersten Höhepunkt in Schleiermacher und Fichte, hat erst die Gegenwart, insbesondere im Werk Tillichs, eine Oberwindung des theistischen Standpunktes gebracht. Wie schon von Schopenhauer vermerkt, müssen sich Reli gion (Glaube) und Theismus durchaus nicht decken; vielmehr kann Religiosität durchaus Atheismus mit umfassen. Zugleich hat uns in jüngster Gegenwart das Werk Glocks und Starks darauf auf merksam gemacht, daß der synthetisch-deskriptive Begriff der Religion analy tisch in ganz unterschiedliche Dimensionen zerfällt, deren interessanteste die der Glaubenserfahrung als der eigentliche Kern der Religion ist. Mit beiden Errun genschaften: der Ausweitung des Religionsbegriffs über den Theismus hinaus, und der Verschärfung des Religionsbegriffs durch seine Einengung auf Glauben, ist ein neuer Ausgangspunkt für die Religionssoziologie gesetzt. Wie immer in teressant die moralischen, ideologischen, rituellen und dogmatischen l'mplikatio nen sein mögen: der Kern der Religionssoziologie gilt dem wechselseitigen Ver hältnis von Gesellschaft und Glauben.
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