Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slowly progressive motor dysfunction and loss of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra innervating the striatum, causing depletion of dopamine, which leads to a hyperactivation of the striatal medial spiny neurons. To understand the pathophysiological details of PD and for developing and screening the novel therapeutic and/or neuroprotective substances, animal models for PD induced by neurotoxins have been developed. Among them, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is the most commonly used since it causes a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and induces typical PD-like symptoms both in human and in experimental animals with a relatively simple application. In this chapter, we first overview the characteristics of PD and animal models with neurotoxins to establish, then focus on, MPTP-treated mouse and common marmoset models for PD with their practical experimental protocols and applications.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slowly progressive motor dysfunction and loss of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra innervating the striatum, causing depletion of dopamine, which leads to a hyperactivation of the striatal medial spiny neurons. To understand the pathophysiological details of PD and for developing and screening the novel therapeutic and/or neuroprotective substances, animal models for PD induced by neurotoxins have been developed. Among them, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is the most commonly used since it causes a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and induces typical PD-like symptoms both in human and in experimental animals with a relatively simple application. In this chapter, we first overview the characteristics of PD and animal models with neurotoxins to establish, then focus on, MPTP-treated mouse and common marmoset models for PD with their practical experimental protocols and applications.
Around 30 years ago the transition metal chemistry received great impulses. In the focus have been reactions of nickel and cobalt and herein especially their carbonyls. Also industrial processes have been developed. When the technical oxidation of ethylene with palladium chloride had been discovered, and a great number oflaboratory reactions, many groups have turned towards this subject. Apart from two important industrial processes - acetaldehyde and vinylacetate from ethylene - a great number of conversions and catalytic reactions with palladium compounds have been researched. Their mechanisms have been cleared up and have con tributed to a better understanding of the complex chemistry of palladium. Last but not least these reactions have also served for more understanding of organic transition metal compounds and catalyses in general. Numerous conventional reactions appear today in a different light. The effects of co-
Im Laufe der vergangenen 35 Jahre wurden unzahlige Synthesewege entwickelt, bei denen Ubergangsmetallkomplexe entweder als Reagenzien oder als Katalysatoren fungieren. Dieses Buch bietet besonders denjenigen Synthesechemikern interessante und moderne Einblicke, die bisher noch nicht mit den vielfaltigen Moglichkeiten der Organometallchemie mit Ubergangsmetallen vertraut sind. Zu wichtigen ubergangsmetallkatalysierten Reaktionen werden Anwendungsbeispiele diskutiert. (01/00)
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.