How Nations Innovate compares how affluent capitalist economies differ in their patterns of technological innovation. Building on the 'varieties of capitalism' literature, this book goes beyond the traditional focus on 'radical versus incremental innovation' in existing scholarship, and takes the comparison of capitalism to an entirely new set of questions around technological innovation. For example, which type of capitalism engages in job-threatening innovation? Whose innovation widens income inequality? Whose innovation raises productivity? Which type of capitalism has more effective financial markets for innovation? Whose innovators emphasize 'control' rather than 'flexibility' during innovation? By addressing these questions, the author demonstrates that the way nations innovate often has deep, and sometimes counter-intuitive, implications for how they compare in many areas of socio-economic performance. For example, although venture capital is most active in Anglo-Saxon economies, it seems that venture-capital performance in stimulating innovation is also poorest in precisely these countries. On the issue of employment, the author argues that, whilst technological innovation in Anglo-Saxon economies creates jobs, innovation in European economies destroys jobs. Nations also differ in the nature of income inequality driven by innovation. While innovation pushes top earners further ahead of median earners in Anglo-Saxon economies, it drags bottom earners further behind the median in European economies. Finally, varieties of capitalism also differ in their ability to cope with the volatilities of innovation. While Anglo-Saxon economies face a trade-off between low volatility and high innovation output, these two goals seem jointly achievable in European economies.
While phenomenology and Yogacara Buddhism are both known for their investigations of consciousness, there exists a core tension between them: phenomenology affirms the existence of essence, whereas Yogacara Buddhism argues that everything is empty of essence (svabhava). How is constructive cultural exchange possible when traditions hold such contradictory views? Answering this question and positioning both philosophical traditions in their respective intellectual and linguistic contexts, Jingjing Li argues that what Edmund Husserl means by essence differs from what Chinese Yogacarins mean by svabhava, partly because Husserl problematises the substantialist understanding of essence in European philosophy. Furthermore, she reveals that Chinese Yogacara has developed an account of self-transformation, ethics and social ontology that renders it much more than simply a Buddhist version of Husserlian phenomenology. Detailing the process of finding a middle ground between the two traditions, this book demonstrates how both can thrive together in order to overcome Orientalism.
This book examines the transformation of contemporary social democracy through the concept of "third way" reforms. It proposes a set of theories about the possibility for continuing social democratic ideological adaptation, for ideologies to overcome institutional constraints in triggering path-breaking innovations, and for social democracy to bridge the insider-outsider divide. Empirically, the book utilizes these theories to account for social democratic welfare state and labor market reforms in nine OECD countries after the end of the Golden Age. Based on the logic of "public evils," the book proposes that the ideologically contested nature of institutions provides incentives for institutional innovation. Social democratic ideology shapes the fundamental characteristics and content of the third way policy paradigm, and the paradigm's practical implementation continues to be path-dependent on historical institutional settings.
This book investigates the use of network technologies in research, and explores how such use potentially changes the nature of professional learning between academics. It attempts to situate the discussion of technology use in real-world research settings, to identify the different forms of participation in intellectual exchange embedded in academic dialogue, and to further contribute to knowledge on how the use of network technology potentially changes the nature of learning. Multiple data collection methods are employed, in two forms of study: a single case study, and a number of individual interviews. The single case study was carried out over a one-year period, and consisted of interviews (22 interviewees), observations, and document review. Individual semi-structured interviews were carried out over a similar period of time with a wider and different population of 24 academics from different Oxford faculties. Half of these were interviewed twice.The main findings presented in this book demonstrate that the direct consequences of technology use are changes to academic dialogue and scholarly communication in general. The change to this critical aspect of research – scholarly communication – has potentially led to more distributed research in interconnected research environments. It is the changes to scholarly communication and the research environment that consequently affect participation in intellectual exchange.
Comprehensive reference covering signal detection for random access in IoT systems from the beginner to expert level With a carefully balanced blend of theoretical elements and applications, IoT Signal Detection is an easy-to-follow presentation on signal detection for IoT in terms of device activity detection, sparse signal detection, collided signal detection, round-trip delay estimation, and backscatter signal division, building progressively from basic concepts and important background material up to an advanced understanding of the subject. Various signal detection and estimation techniques are explained, e.g., variational inference algorithm and compressive sensing reconstruction algorithm, and a number of recent research outcomes are included to provide a review of the state of the art in the field. Written by four highly qualified academics, IoT Signal Detection discusses sample topics such as: ML, ZF, and MMSE detection, Markov chain Monte Carlo-based detection, variational inference-based detection, compressive sensing-based detection Sparse signal detection for multiple access, covering Bayesian compressive sensing algorithm and structured subspace pursuit algorithm Collided signal detection for multiple access using automatic modulation classification algorithm, round-trip delay estimation for collided signals Signal detection for backscatter signals, covering central limited theorem-based detection including detection algorithms, performance analysis, and simulation results Signal design for multi-cluster coordination, covering successive interference cancellation design, device grouping and power control, and constructive interference-aided multi-cluster coordination With seamless coverage of the subject presented in a linear and easy-to-understand way, IoT Signal Detection is an ideal reference for both graduate students and practicing engineers in wireless communications.
Integrating information from several areas of engineering geology, hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering, this book addresses the general field of groundwater from an engineering perspective. It covers geological engineering as well as hydrogeological and environmental geological problems caused by groundwater engineering. It includes 10 chapters, i.e., basic groundwater theory, parameter calculation in hydrogeology, prevention of geological problem caused by groundwater, construction dewatering, wellpoint dewatering methods, dewatering wells and drilling, groundwater dewatering in foundation-pit engineering, groundwater engineering in bedrock areas, numerical simulation in groundwater engineering, groundwater corrosion on concrete and steel. Based on up-to-date literature, it describes recent developments and presents several case studies with examples and problems. It is an essential reference source for industrial and academic researchers working in the groundwater field and can also serve as lecture-based course material providing fundamental information and practical tools for both senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in fields of geology engineering, hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering or to conduct related research.
Relying on unmanned autonomous flight control programs, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with radio communication devices have been actively developed around the world. Given their low cost, flexible maneuvering and unmanned operation, UAVs have been widely used in both civilian operations and military missions, including environmental monitoring, emergency communications, express distribution, even military surveillance and attacks, for example. Given that a range of standards and protocols used in terrestrial wireless networks are not applicable to UAV networks, and that some practical constraints such as battery power and no-fly zone hinder the maneuverability capability of a single UAV, we need to explore advanced communication and networking theories and methods for the sake of supporting future ultra-reliable and low-latency applications. Typically, the full potential of UAV network’s functionalities can be tapped with the aid of the cooperation of multiple drones relying on their ad hoc networking, in-network communications and coordinated control. Furthermore, some swarm intelligence models and algorithms conceived for dynamic negotiation, path programming, formation flight and task assignment of multiple cooperative drones are also beneficial in terms of extending UAV’s functionalities and coverage, as well as of increasing their efficiency. We call the networking and cooperation of multiple drones as the terminology ‘flying ad hoc network (FANET)’, and there indeed are numerous new challenges to be overcome before the idespread of so-called heterogeneous FANETs. In this book, we examine a range of technical issues in FANETs, from physical-layer channel modeling to MAC-layer resource allocation, while also introducing readers to UAV aided mobile edge computing techniques.
It is generally understood that some effective leadership behaviors of Chinese managers differ from those of Western managers. It has also been debated controversially whether Chinese learners can benefit from Western learning approaches. Taking these two aspects into consideration, Jingjing Wang examines whether a global leadership development program from Western countries has as much impact on Chinese managers as on Western managers. She conducts the empirical study within one global corporation originating from Germany and the data were collected from Germany and China. Based on the core results of the study, implications for the globalization of leadership development are discussed.
Few will doubt the importance of the role that communication technology played in American politics in 2020. The Factors and Behaviors Associated with Legislator Use of Communication Technology examines the various factors and behaviors associated with legislator use of communication technology. Offering both macro and micro level perspectives as well as quantitative and qualitative data analyses, a broad perspective of the role that communication technology plays in driving legislator behavior is provided. Building a theoretical structure, this book begins with an examination of how communication technology can destabilize the policymaking process and offers an overview of media and policy process theories, and legislator roles and the association of these roles with the use of communication technology. Moving to the micro level, the authors present quantitative and qualitative evidence associated with legislator behaviors associated with the use of communication technology including compromise behaviors and political ideological polarization, closing with an examination of the use of communication technology by legislators during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.
Modern Chinese for Heritage Beginners aims to serve as a stepping-stone for Chinese heritage language learners’ future Chinese learning, inspiring them to reflect on their identities, learn Chinese American history, and embrace their cultural heritage. The book starts with talking about individuals and families and then expands to the Chinese and Asian American communities in the U.S. and eventually to the entire American society, all from the unique perspective of Chinese American students. Taking a macro approach that builds learners’ literacy skills on their initial abilities in speaking and listening, each lesson starts with listening and speaking activities and then moves to reading and writing. The content complexity and language difficulty are balanced to present rich content that matches students’ critical thinking abilities in a language appropriate for their literacy level. Lively and humorous language makes the book a joy to read. Each lesson has a conversation and an essay to expose students to informal and formal registers. Moreover, authentic tasks are designed to facilitate students’ language output, following the three modes of communication promoted by the American Council on Teaching Foreign Languages: interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational. This theme-based Chinese textbook is written for high school and college-level Chinese heritage language learners.
This book illustrates how to achieve effective dimension reduction and data clustering. The authors explain how to accomplish this by utilizing the advanced dynamic graph learning technique in the era of big data. The book begins by providing background on dynamic graph learning. The authors discuss why it has attracted considerable research attention in recent years and has become well recognized as an advanced technique. After covering the key topics related to dynamic graph learning, the book discusses the recent advancements in the area. The authors then explain how these techniques can be practically applied for several purposes, including feature selection, feature projection, and data clustering.
This book systemically presents key concepts of multi-modal hashing technology, recent advances on large-scale efficient multimedia search and recommendation, and recent achievements in multimedia indexing technology. With the explosive growth of multimedia contents, multimedia retrieval is currently facing unprecedented challenges in both storage cost and retrieval speed. The multi-modal hashing technique can project high-dimensional data into compact binary hash codes. With it, the most time-consuming semantic similarity computation during the multimedia retrieval process can be significantly accelerated with fast Hamming distance computation, and meanwhile the storage cost can be reduced greatly by the binary embedding. The authors introduce the categorization of existing multi-modal hashing methods according to various metrics and datasets. The authors also collect recent multi-modal hashing techniques and describe the motivation, objective formulations, and optimization steps for context-aware hashing methods based on the tag-semantics transfer.
This book focuses on various Passive optical networks (PONs) types, including currently deployed Ethernet PON (EPON) and Gigabit PON (GPON) as well as next generation WDM PON and OFDM PON. Also this book examines the integrated optical and wireless access networks. Concentrating on two issues in these networks: media access control (MAC) and resource allocation. These two problems can greatly affect performances of PONs such as network resource utilization and QoS of end users. Finally this book will discuss various solutions to address the MAC and resource allocation issues in various PON networks.
This book introduces the concept of machine-type communication (MTC) for maritime Internet of Things. The first part of the book portrays a maritime MTC system from an architectural perspective and describes an MTC framework and the fundamental components, laying out a foundation that leads to an ultimate solution to the maritime IoT requirements and challenges. The second part ties together all discussed in the first part and demonstrates how to apply it to a practical system through a realistic design example based on an international maritime mobile spectrum. The book serves as a comprehensive tutorial of the maritime MTC from the top (the network architecture) to the bottom (the air/radio interface and regulatory radio spectrum constraints), guiding readers to an easier understanding of the maritime MTC-related issues and the rationale behind the design. The primary readers of this book include maritime communication engineers, maritime IoT professionals, maritime academia, and the general MTC and IoT communities. Presents the concept of machine-type communication (MTC) for maritime Internet of Things (IoT) and its services, requirements, and challenges; Explains space-earth-integrated maritime machine-type communication system architecture with a comparison with its land counterpart; Sets out a comprehensive framework and details the ways to implement it on a practical radio spectrum; Includes maritime MTC radio spectrum and regulations, network design, protocol design, and air interface design.
For readers of Mao’s Last Dancer comes the inspiring true story of a world-famous acrobat who left communist China to begin a new life in Australia. Jingjing Xue was born in China in 1947, during a period of civil war. Jingjing, left in an orphanage in Shanghai, was destined to a life of hardship before officials singled him out and enlisted him to train with the Shanghai Acrobatics School. Shanghai Acrobat tells the moving story of Jingjing’s rise from poverty to become an admired performer in China and beyond. Through the turbulent period of the Cultural Revolution, he realised the value of freedom. This is a story of hope and perseverance, of overcoming adversity and of finding a place to belong. ‘A beautifully written book ... a poignant, riveting story of determination and perseverance against the odds. This is a success story that will resonate for those from all over the world who have called Australia home.’ —Andrew Kwong, author of One Bright Moon ‘Inspiring . . . the richness of detail, along with the photographs, reveal a marvelous story of endurance and fortitude.’ —Kirkus
In this age of climatic and financial uncertainty, it becomes increasingly important to balance the cost, benefits and risk of wildfire management. In the United States, increased wildland fire activity over the last 15 years has resulted in drastic damage and loss of life. An associated rapid increase in fire management costs has consumed higher portions of budgets of public entities involved in wildfire management, challenging their ability to fulfill other responsibilities. Increased public scrutiny highlights the need to improve wildland fire management for cost effectiveness. This book closely examines the development of basic wildfire suppression cost models for the United States and their application to a wide range of settings from informing incident decision making to programmatic review. The book also explores emerging trends in suppression costs and introduces new spatially explicit cost models to account for characteristics of the burned landscape. Finally, it discusses how emerging risk assessment tools can be better informed by integrating management cost models with wildfire simulation models and values at risk. Economics of Wildfire Management is intended for practitioners as a reference guide. Advanced-level students and researchers will also find the book invaluable.
Algebraic Structure of Lattice-Ordered Rings presents an introduction to the theory of lattice-ordered rings and some new developments in this area in the last 10-15 years. It aims to provide the reader with a good foundation in the subject, as well as some new research ideas and topic in the field.This book may be used as a textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students who have completed an abstract algebra course including general topics on group, ring, module, and field. It is also suitable for readers with some background in abstract algebra and are interested in lattice-ordered rings to use as a self-study book.The book is largely self-contained, except in a few places, and contains about 200 exercises to assist the reader to better understand the text and practice some ideas.
A power converter is a device used in electrical engineering, power engineering, and the electric power sector to convert electric energy from one form to another, such as converting between AC and DC, changing voltage or frequency, or a combination of these. It is used in a variety of applications, such as industrial drives, power supply, energy generating equipment, consumer goods, electrical vehicles/aeroplanes/ships, smart grids and more.This book will open a door for engineers to design the power converters via the artificial intelligence (AI) method. It begins by reviewing current AI technology in power converters. The book then introduces customized AI algorithms for power converters that take into account the particular characteristics of power converters. The book then presents a set of AI-based design methodologies for power devices, including DC/DC converters, resonant DC/DC converters, bidirectional DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters, and AC/DC rectifiers. This is the first book to cover all you need to know about using AI to create power converters, including a literature review, algorithm, and circuit design.
This book is devoted to the optimum design of the DCT in a hybrid AC/DC microgrid, which takes into account not only the influence of different inductors/capacitors values, but also numerous design goals (i.e., VCG, efficiency, stability and so on). This book examines the DCT's design problem in detail. It begins by reviewing existing DCTs in, the hybrid AC/DC microgrid and their design problems. Following that, this book proposes a family of DCT optimization design approaches to ensure that the designed DCT has good power transmission and voltage regulation ability in the hybrid AC/DC microgrid, even when the actual inductors/capacitors values fluctuate with practical power and temperature. Following that, this book provides a family of multi-objective optimization design methodologies for the DCT to guarantee that it concurrently achieves the requirements of VCG, efficiency, and system stability. This book also covers how to control the DCT in a hybrid AC/DC microgrid optimally and generically.
Algebraic Structure of Lattice-Ordered Rings presents an introduction to the theory of lattice-ordered rings and some new developments in this area in the last 10-15 years. It aims to provide the reader with a good foundation in the subject, as well as some new research ideas and topic in the field.This book may be used as a textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students who have completed an abstract algebra course including general topics on group, ring, module, and field. It is also suitable for readers with some background in abstract algebra and are interested in lattice-ordered rings to use as a self-study book.The book is largely self-contained, except in a few places, and contains about 200 exercises to assist the reader to better understand the text and practice some ideas.
This book is devoted to the optimum design of the DCT in a hybrid AC/DC microgrid, which takes into account not only the influence of different inductors/capacitors values, but also numerous design goals (i.e., VCG, efficiency, stability and so on). This book examines the DCT's design problem in detail. It begins by reviewing existing DCTs in, the hybrid AC/DC microgrid and their design problems. Following that, this book proposes a family of DCT optimization design approaches to ensure that the designed DCT has good power transmission and voltage regulation ability in the hybrid AC/DC microgrid, even when the actual inductors/capacitors values fluctuate with practical power and temperature. Following that, this book provides a family of multi-objective optimization design methodologies for the DCT to guarantee that it concurrently achieves the requirements of VCG, efficiency, and system stability. This book also covers how to control the DCT in a hybrid AC/DC microgrid optimally and generically.
A power converter is a device used in electrical engineering, power engineering, and the electric power sector to convert electric energy from one form to another, such as converting between AC and DC, changing voltage or frequency, or a combination of these. It is used in a variety of applications, such as industrial drives, power supply, energy generating equipment, consumer goods, electrical vehicles/aeroplanes/ships, smart grids and more.This book will open a door for engineers to design the power converters via the artificial intelligence (AI) method. It begins by reviewing current AI technology in power converters. The book then introduces customized AI algorithms for power converters that take into account the particular characteristics of power converters. The book then presents a set of AI-based design methodologies for power devices, including DC/DC converters, resonant DC/DC converters, bidirectional DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters, and AC/DC rectifiers. This is the first book to cover all you need to know about using AI to create power converters, including a literature review, algorithm, and circuit design.
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