Parameter Estimation and Adaptive Control for Nonlinear Servo Systems presents the latest advances in observer-based control design, focusing on adaptive control for nonlinear systems such as adaptive neural network control, adaptive parameter estimation, and system identification. This book offers an array of new real-world applications in the field. Written by eminent scientists in the field of control theory, this book covers the latest advances in observer-based control design. It provides fundamentals, algorithms, and it discusses key applications in the fields of power systems, robotics and mechatronics, flight and automotive systems. - Presents a clear and concise introduction to the latest advances in parameter estimation and adaptive control with several concise applications for servo systems - Covers a wide range of applications usually not found in similar books, such as power systems, robotics, mechatronics, aeronautics, and industrial systems - Contains worked examples which make it ideal for advanced courses as well as for researchers starting to work in the field, particularly suitable for engineers wishing to enter the field quickly and efficiently
Language is a symbolic system of meanings evoked by linguistic forms. The choice of forms in communication is non-arbitrary. Rather, speakers pick those forms whose meanings best convey their discourse intention. The meaning of the Mandarin ba-construction, argues Jing-Schmidt, is discourse dramaticity, a concept that includes high conceptual salience and subjectivity. The ba-construction and its "syntactic variations" are never interchangeable because contrast in their meanings determines difference in their functions. Quantitative analyses based on authentic data validate the postulation of discourse dramaticity. By taking discourse pragmatics seriously, the dramaticity hypothesis enables a unitary explanation that transcends sentence grammar. The diachronic treatment reveals the syntactic change of the ba-construction as an adaptive process of pragmatization, which raises the issue of linguistic evolution as a result of socio-cultural development. This book will be of particular value to readers interested in the interaction between grammar and pragmatics and to teachers confronting the controversy of the ba-construction in foreign language pedagogy.
This compendium summarizes the core principles and practical applications of a brand-new advanced chip cooling category — liquid metal cooling. It illustrates the science and art of room temperature liquid metal enabled cooling for chip, device and system. The concise volume features unique scientific and practical merits, and clarified intriguing liquid metal coolant or medium behaviors in making new generation powerful cooling system.With both uniquely important fundamental and practical values, this useful reference text benefits researchers to set up their foundation and then find new ways of making advanced cooling system to fulfil the increasingly urgent needs in modern highly integrated chip industry.
Provides in-depth knowledge on lead-free piezoelectrics - for state-of-the-art, environmentally friendly electrical and electronic devices! Lead zirconate titanate ceramics have been market-dominating due to their excellent properties and flexibility in terms of compositional modifications. Driven by the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive, there is a growing concern on the toxicity of lead. Therefore, numerous research efforts were devoted to lead-free piezoelectrics from the beginning of this century. Great progress has been made in the development of high-performance lead-free piezoelectric ceramics which are already used, e.g., for power electronics applications. Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials provides an in-depth overview of principles, material systems, and applications of lead-free piezoelectric materials. It starts with the fundamentals of piezoelectricity and lead-free piezoelectrics. Then it discusses four representative lead-free piezoelectric material systems from background introduction to crystal structures and properties. Finally, it presents several applications of lead-free piezoelectrics including piezoelectric actuators, and transducers. The challenges for promoting applications will also be discussed. Highly attractive: Lead-free piezoelectrics address the growing concerns on exclusion of hazardous substances used in electrical and electronic devices in order to protect human health and the environment Thorough overview: Covers fundamentals, different classes of materials, processing and applications Unique: discusses fundamentals and recent advancements in the field of lead-free piezoelectrics Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials is of high interest for material scientists, electrical and chemical engineers, solid state chemists and physicists in academia and industry.
This book takes a serious historical and international look at the "digital pencil" movement to equip every student with a computing device with wireless connection. Using an ecological perspective as an overarching framework, and drawing on their own studies and available literature that illuminate the issues related to one-to-one computing, the authors present well-reasoned discussions about a set of complex and critical issue facing policy makers, educators, students, parents, and the general public. The Digital Pencil addresses four key questions: Is the digital pencil a good idea? The authors analyze the costs and benefits of one-to-one computing programs through consideration of multiple indicators and examine the evaluation reports of various projects within their analytical framework to present a comprehensive summary of outcomes of one-to-one computing projects. What happens when each child has a networked computer? The authors analyze existing data with the goal of gaining insights and making suggestions and recommendations for policy makers, teachers, and parents. What should schools purchase or lease - is there an ideal device? These authors examine the relative advantages and disadvantages of different devices and implementation schemes. How do we know if one-to-one computing is making a difference? The authors review the evaluation plans of the various projects and propose a framework for comprehensive evaluation and research on one-to-one computing. This book is intended for researchers, school administrators, educational technology professionals, and policy makers in the U.S. and around the world, and as a supplemental text for advanced courses in education, technology, and technological innovation.
The experimental teaching of materials science and engineering (MSE) is important because the comprehensive applications and the practical knowledge of the professionals are not only an important way for undergraduate students to grasp the knowledge but also to understand the purpose of the study. In order to cultivate students' ability to solve complex engineering problems, more comprehensive experiments should be designed.Besides the essential basic experiments in the first few chapters, most of the experiments designed in this book are comprehensive, hence the title. This book breaks the boundaries in the experimental courses of MSE. The experiments in this book are modularized into five parts, including preliminary exploration of materials science and engineering, fundamentals of chemistry and crystallography, material properties, material preparation and treatment, and material applications. Besides the experiments, the appendices will describe the most relevant aspects of experimental safety, error, and data presentation in a general way. The contents and requirements of the experimental report are suggested. At the end of each chapter, a list of books, journal articles, and websites is provided for extended reading on the topics covered in the chapter.This book covers the main contents of experimental courses of MSE. The experiments cover the forefront of scientific research and the materials industry with appropriate modification. It intends to serve as a textbook for undergraduate students and aims to help teachers find a wide enough variety of experiments to construct in an experimental course.
Analysis of Australia's population and changes in its profile. Includes examination of population size and growth; natural increase; net migration; age structure; population distribution; and short-term and long-term projections. Includes lists of tables, indexes, a bibliography and a glossary. Produced by the Bureau of Immigration Research.
Adaptive Identification and Control of Uncertain Systems with Nonsmooth Dynamics reports some of the latest research on modeling, identification and adaptive control for systems with nonsmooth dynamics (e.g., backlash, dead zone, friction, saturation, etc). The authors present recent research results for the modelling and control designs of uncertain systems with nonsmooth dynamics, such as friction, dead-zone, saturation and hysteresis, etc., with particular applications in servo systems. The book is organized into 19 chapters, distributed in five parts concerning the four types of nonsmooth characteristics, namely friction, dead-zone, saturation and hysteresis, respectively. Practical experiments are also included to validate and exemplify the proposed approaches. This valuable resource can help both researchers and practitioners to learn and understand nonlinear adaptive control designs. Academics, engineers and graduate students in the fields of electrical engineering, control systems, mechanical engineering, applied mathematics and computer science can benefit from the book. It can be also used as a reference book on adaptive control for servo systems for students with some background in control engineering. - Explains the latest research outputs on modeling, identification and adaptive control for systems with nonsmooth dynamics - Provides practical application and experimental results for robotic systems, and servo motors
Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook is a book of exercises and language tasks for all learners of Mandarin Chinese. Divided into two sections, the Workbook initially provides exercises based on essential grammatical structures, and moves on to practise everyday functions such as making introductions, apologizing and expressing needs. With a comprehensive answer key at the back to enable students to check on their progress, main features include: exercises graded according to level of difficulty cross-referencing to the related Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar topical exercises that develop students' vocabulary base. Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook is ideal for all learners of Mandarin Chinese, from beginner to intermediate and advanced students. It can be used both independently and alongside the Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar.
Essential Organic Chemistry is a study guide that prepares students for the Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry (9701) examination. Covering the latest syllabus and with over 60 past-year questions, this book is an essential resource to enhance students’ understanding and examination performance.
This book highlights the intrinsic structures of all kinds of energetic compounds and some structure–property relationships therein. Energetic materials are a class of energy materials that can transiently release a large amount of gases and heat by self-redox after stimulated and usually refer to explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics. Nowadays, in combination with various theories and simulation-aided material design technologies, many new kinds of energetic materials like energetic extended solids, energetic ionic salts, energetic metal organic frames, energetic co-crystals and energetic perovskites have been created, in addition to traditional energetic molecular crystals. It is somewhat dazzling, and an issue of how we can understand these new types of energetic materials is raised. In the past about 20 years, we were immersed in the computational energetic materials. By means of defining a concept of intrinsic structures of energetic materials, which refers to the crystal packing structure of energetic materials, as well as molecule for molecular solid specially, the microscopic structures have been mostly clarified, and related with many macroscopic properties and performances, with molecular simulations. This book presents our understanding about it. Thereby, a simply and new way to readily understand energetic materials is expected to be paved, based on this book. It contains energetic molecular crystals, energetic ionic crystals, energetic atomic crystals, energetic metallic crystals and energetic mixed-type crystals and the substructures closest to crystal packing. Meanwhile, the common intermolecular interactions in energetic crystals will be introduced. In addition, theoretical and simulation methods for treating the intrinsic structures will be briefed, as they are the main tools to reveal the molecules and crystals. Besides, the polymorphism as a level of intrinsic structures will be briefly discussed. In the final of this book, we introduce the crystal engineering of energetic materials. This book features the first proposal of intrinsic structure and crystal engineering of energetic materials and the understanding of the properties and performances of energetic materials by maintaining a concept that structure determines property. It helps to promote the rationality in creating new energetic materials, rather than increase experience.
This book discusses key issues in the planning and operation of large-scale integrated energy systems (LSIES). It establishes individual-based models for LSIES and develops multi-objective optimization algorithms and multi-attribute decision making support systems, which are applied to the planning and optimal operation of LSIES. It is a valuable reference work for researchers, students and engineers who are interested in energy systems, operation research and decision theory.
The book introduces the fundamentals (principle, structure, characteristics, classification etc.) of control systems. The dynamic behavior are also illustrated in detail. The authors also present the time/ frequency/stability/error response analyses of control system. This book is an essential reference for graduate students, scientists and practitioner in the research fields of mechanical and electrical engineering.
Among the most important and exciting current steps forward in geo-engineering is the development of coupled numerical models. They represent the basic physics of geo-engineering processes which can include the effects of heat, water, mechanics and chemistry. Such models provide an integrating focus for the wide range of geo-engineering disciplines. The articles within this volume were originally presented at the inaugural GeoProc conference held in Stockholm and contain a collection of unusually high quality information not available elsewhere in an edited and coherent form. This collection not only benefits from the latest theoretical developments but also applies them to a number of practical and wide ranging applications. Examples include the environmental issues around radioactive waste disposal deep in rock, and the search for new reserves of oil and gas.
In The Iconography of Family Members in Egypt’s Elite Tombs of the Old Kingdom, Jing Wen offers a comprehensive survey of the depiction of family members and provides a new perspective to explain its meaning.
This volume reflects the proceedings of the International Conference on Representations of Affine and Quantum Affine Algebras and Their Applications held at North Carolina State University (Raleigh). In recent years, the theory of affine and quantum affine Lie algebras has become an important area of mathematical research with numerous applications in other areas of mathematics and physics. Three areas of recent progress are the focus of this volume: affine and quantum affine algebras and their generalizations, vertex operator algebras and their representations, and applications in combinatorics and statistical mechanics. Talks given by leading international experts at the conference offered both overviews on the subjects and current research results. The book nicely presents the interplay of these topics recently occupying "centre stage" in the theory of infinite dimensional Lie theory.
This book contains selective chapters from eminent experts working in the interdisciplinary arena of material science and its use in drug delivery. From their recent research experience, the readers can achieve a wide vision on the new and ongoing potentialities of polysaccharides and its application in the field of advanced drug delivery. This book contains selective polymers that were recently explored in the field of drug delivery such as starch, konjac, chitosan, alginate and other natural polymers originated from sea. It also has one chapter exclusively on nanotechnology that explains multifaceted application of natural polymer in the field of advanced drug delivery. Note: T& F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
This book presents some fundamental concepts behind the basic theories and tools of discrete element methods (DEM), its historical development, and its wide scope of applications in geology, geophysics and rock engineering. Unlike almost all books available on the general subject of DEM, this book includes coverage of both explicit and implicit DEM approaches, namely the Distinct Element Methods and Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) for both rigid and deformable blocks and particle systems, and also the Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) approach for fluid flow and solute transport simulations. The latter is actually also a discrete approach of importance for rock mechanics and rock engineering. In addition, brief introductions to some alternative approaches are also provided, such as percolation theory and Cosserat micromechanics equivalence to particle systems, which often appear hand-in-hand with the DEM in the literature. Fundamentals of the particle mechanics approach using DEM for granular media is also presented.· Presents the fundamental concepts of the discrete models for fractured rocks, including constitutive models of rock fractures and rock masses for stress, deformation and fluid flow· Provides a comprehensive presentation on discrete element methods, including distinct elements, discontinuous deformation analysis, discrete fracture networks, particle mechanics and Cosserat representation of granular media· Features constitutive models of rock fractures and fracture system characterization methods detaiing their significant impacts on the performance and uncertainty of the DEM models
With the increasing complexity of and dependency on software, software products may suffer from low quality, high prices, be hard to maintain, etc. Software defects usually produce incorrect or unexpected results and behaviors. Accordingly, software defect prediction (SDP) is one of the most active research fields in software engineering and plays an important role in software quality assurance. Based on the results of SDP analyses, developers can subsequently conduct defect localization and repair on the basis of reasonable resource allocation, which helps to reduce their maintenance costs. This book offers a comprehensive picture of the current state of SDP research. More specifically, it introduces a range of machine-learning-based SDP approaches proposed for different scenarios (i.e., WPDP, CPDP, and HDP). In addition, the book shares in-depth insights into current SDP approaches’ performance and lessons learned for future SDP research efforts. We believe these theoretical analyses and emerging challenges will be of considerable interest to all researchers, graduate students, and practitioners who want to gain deeper insights into and/or find new research directions in SDP. It offers a comprehensive introduction to the current state of SDP and detailed descriptions of representative SDP approaches.
Dielectric Resonator Antennas A detailed guide to dielectric-based techniques for antenna array design and construction Dielectric designs, which transmit electricity without conducting it, have in recent decades been increasingly incorporated into antenna arrays. The resulting Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRAs) provide significant benefits over metal antennas, avoiding conduction loss and increasing efficiency. Dielectric elements can also be incorporated into metal antennas to improve performance. Dielectric Resonator Antennas provides an introduction to dielectric-based techniques for manufacturing antenna arrays. It supplies guidelines for identifying dielectric antenna designs (as opposed to metal ones), describes recent developments in dielectric antenna technology, and points toward potential areas of future growth and development. Readers will also find: Cutting-edge DRA applications in microwave and millimeter-wave communications Detailed discussion of array types including wideband, high-gain, high efficiency, and more Instructions for fabricating dielectric antenna arrays and assessing tolerance levels Dielectric Resonator Antennas is ideal for researchers and students in electrical engineering, as well as for engineers and others working in wireless communications.
Why investment and financial reform are essential to China's continued economic well-being Although China's economy has grown spectacularly over the last twenty-five years, economists disagree about how the Chinese economy is likely to fare in the short- and long-term future. Is China's growth sustainable, or has China relied too much on investment, which is subject to diminishing returns, and not enough on technological change? The first book on the relation between investment, finance, and growth in China, How China Grows dismisses this concern. James Riedel, Jing Jin, and Jian Gao argue that investment has not only been the engine of growth, but also the main source of technological progress and structural change in China. What threatens future growth instead, the authors argue, are the weaknesses of China's financial system that undermine efficiency in investment allocation. Financial-sector reform and development are necessary, not only for sustaining long-term growth, but also for maintaining macroeconomic stability. Although it includes some technical economic analysis, How China Grows is accessible to noneconomists and will benefit anyone who is interested in development finance in general and in China's economic growth in particular—whether economists, political scientists, bankers, or business people.
Multiscale Modeling of Additively Manufactured Metals: Application to Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process provides comprehensive coverage on the latest methodology in additive manufacturing (AM) modeling and simulation. Although there are extensive advances within the AM field, challenges to predictive theoretical and computational approaches still hinder the widespread adoption of AM. The book reviews metal additive materials and processes and discusses multiscale/multiphysics modeling strategies. In addition, coverage of modeling and simulation of AM process in order to understand the process-structure-property relationship is reviewed, along with the modeling of morphology evolution, phase transformation, and defect formation in AM parts. Residual stress, distortion, plasticity/damage in AM parts are also considered, with scales associated with the spatial, temporal and/or material domains reviewed. This book is useful for graduate students, engineers and professionals working on AM materials, equipment, process, development and modeling. - Includes the fundamental principles of additive manufacturing modeling techniques - Presents various modeling tools/software for AM modeling - Discusses various design methods and how to optimize the AM process using these models
Presented in a tutorial style, this comprehensive treatment unifies, simplifies, and explains most of the techniques for designing and analyzing adaptive control systems. Numerous examples clarify procedures and methods. 1995 edition.
This book represents one of the first attempts by a multidisciplinary research team, encompassing the social sciences, business, architecture and planning, engineering, and finance and economics, to help rural communities discover sustainable and self-reliant paths to development and transformation. The opening chapter outlines the background of the research, its importance in the context of China and other countries, the rationale for choosing the case study communities in rural China, and the composition of the research team. Chapter 2 explores key issues in the role of social entrepreneurship and leadership in rural community development. Chapter 3 analyses a green platform for a pilot transaction of China forest carbon sinks led by the Huadong Forestry Exchange. The fourth chapter examines carbon trade, forestry land rights, and the livelihoods of farmers in rural Chinese communities. Chapter 5 explores alternative energy development in rural Chinese communities, where the poor are often disproportionately dependent on fuel wood and solid biomass, causing environmental degradation, reduced productivity and the decline of income generating opportunities. Chapter 6 examines and tests the proposition that stronger communities will result from ‘connected up’, holistic, synergistic and inclusive planning of services and supporting infrastructure. Chapter 7 analyzes information and communications technology (ICT) based service innovations for supporting rural community enterprises. Chapter 8 highlights key elements of stronger rural communities, drawing together the themes and proposals of preceding chapters and constructing an integrated model. The authors demonstrate that interconnected community enterprises based on clean forest products, forest carbon and ecotourism can be underpinned by local infrastructure enterprises such as renewable energy, water, waste management, ICT and transport, and financial mechanisms like carbon finance, all involving skills development, leadership and social entrepreneurship coupled with corporate and investment partnerships. Such interconnected approaches are expected to generate increased employment and prosperity, improve social livelihoods, and benefit the environment.
China’s War against the Many Faces of Poverty measures multidimensional poverty in China and deprivation related to income, education, health issues, living standards and social security. The book adopts a well-developed methodology using three different empirical datasets to analyse aspects of regional diversity across rural and urban and migrant populations of China. The book also analyses the links between development policies considered by the government and the various facets of poverty in light of rapid economic growth and addresses important policy implications. In the existing literature, in-depth research on multidimensional poverty in China is almost non-existent. This book is a pioneer study in this important field of research. With its innovative approach in concepts and methodologies and in its analysis of policy implications make this book a definitive and valuable addition to the literature.
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are emerging as a promising solution to help us explore and understand the ocean. The global market for AUVs is predicted to grow from 638 million dollars in 2020 to 1,638 million dollars by 2025 – a compound annual growth rate of 20.8 percent. To make AUVs suitable for a wider range of application-specific missions, it is necessary to deploy multiple AUVs to cooperatively perform the localization, tracking and formation tasks. However, weak underwater acoustic communication and the model uncertainty of AUVs make achieving this challenging. This book presents cutting-edge results regarding localization, tracking and formation for AUVs, highlighting the latest research on commonly encountered AUV systems. It also showcases several joint localization and tracking solutions for AUVs. Lastly, it discusses future research directions and provides guidance on the design of future localization, tracking and formation schemes for AUVs. Representing a substantial contribution to nonlinear system theory, robotic control theory, and underwater acoustic communication system, this book will appeal to university researchers, scientists, engineers, and graduate students in control theory and control engineering who wish to learn about the core principles, methods, algorithms, and applications of AUVs. Moreover, the practical localization, tracking and formation schemes presented provide guidance on exploring the ocean. The book is intended for those with an understanding of nonlinear system theory, robotic control theory, and underwater acoustic communication systems.
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