Jumping Through Hoops is a collection of nine intense and dramatic stories that sheds new light on the experiences of Chinese women during the Second World War. Originally published in Chinese in 1945, as part of Xie Bingying's classic anthology Nu zuojia zizhuan xuanji (Selected autobiographical writings by women writers), the extraordinary narratives reveal the writers' personal struggles during the years of turmoil between the Republican and Communist eras. Whether the contributors are internationally acclaimed or just rediscovered, most of these narratives are seldom found in other collections, either in Chinese or in translation.
Fluid-Solid Interaction Dynamics: Theory, Variational Principles, Numerical Methods and Applications gives a comprehensive accounting of fluid-solid interaction dynamics, including theory, numerical methods and their solutions for various FSI problems in engineering. The title provides the fundamental theories, methodologies and results developed in the application of FSI dynamics. Four numerical approaches that can be used with almost all integrated FSI systems in engineering are presented. Methods are linked with examples to illustrate results. In addition, numerical results are compared with available experiments or numerical data in order to demonstrate the accuracy of the approaches and their value to engineering applications. The title gives readers the state-of-the-art in theory, variational principles, numerical modeling and applications for fluid-solid interaction dynamics. Readers will be able to independently formulate models to solve their engineering FSI problems using information from this book. - Presents the state-of-the-art in fluid-solid interaction dynamics, providing theory, method and results - Takes an integrated approach to formulate, model and simulate FSI problems in engineering - Illustrates results with concrete examples - Gives four numerical approaches and related theories that are suitable for almost all integrated FSI systems - Provides the necessary information for bench scientists to independently formulate, model, and solve physical FSI problems in engineering
In the period between the 1920s and 1940s, a genre emerged in Chinese literature that would reveal crucial contradictions in Chinese culture that still exist today. At a time of intense political conflict, Chinese women began to write autobiography, a genre that focused on personal identity and self-exploration rather than the national, collective identity that the country was championing. When "I" Was Born: Women's Autobiography in Modern China reclaims the voices of these particular writers, voices that have been misinterpreted and overlooked for decades. Tracing women writers as they move from autobiographical fiction, often self-revelatory and personal, to explicit autobiographies that focused on women's roles in public life, Jing M. Wang reveals the factors that propelled this literary movement, the roles that liberal translators and their renditions of Western life stories played, and the way in which these women writers redefined writing and gender in the stories they told. But Wang reveals another story as well: the evolving history and identity of women in modern Chinese society. When "I" Was Born adds to a growing body of important work in Chinese history and culture, women's studies, and autobiography in a global context. Writers discussed include Xie Bingying, Zhang Ailing, Yu Yinzi, Fei Pu, Lu Meiyen, Feng Heyi, Ye Qian, Bai Wei, Shi Wen, Fan Xiulin, Su Xuelin, and Lu Yin.
Conceived as a cross between natural language processing methods and biological sequences in DNA, RNA and protein, biological language model is a new scientific research topic in bioinformatics that has been extensively studied by the authors. The basic theory and applications of this model are presented in this book to serve as an reference for graduate students and researchers.
Among the most important and exciting current steps forward in geo-engineering is the development of coupled numerical models. They represent the basic physics of geo-engineering processes which can include the effects of heat, water, mechanics and chemistry. Such models provide an integrating focus for the wide range of geo-engineering disciplines. The articles within this volume were originally presented at the inaugural GeoProc conference held in Stockholm and contain a collection of unusually high quality information not available elsewhere in an edited and coherent form. This collection not only benefits from the latest theoretical developments but also applies them to a number of practical and wide ranging applications. Examples include the environmental issues around radioactive waste disposal deep in rock, and the search for new reserves of oil and gas.
Provides in-depth knowledge on lead-free piezoelectrics - for state-of-the-art, environmentally friendly electrical and electronic devices! Lead zirconate titanate ceramics have been market-dominating due to their excellent properties and flexibility in terms of compositional modifications. Driven by the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive, there is a growing concern on the toxicity of lead. Therefore, numerous research efforts were devoted to lead-free piezoelectrics from the beginning of this century. Great progress has been made in the development of high-performance lead-free piezoelectric ceramics which are already used, e.g., for power electronics applications. Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials provides an in-depth overview of principles, material systems, and applications of lead-free piezoelectric materials. It starts with the fundamentals of piezoelectricity and lead-free piezoelectrics. Then it discusses four representative lead-free piezoelectric material systems from background introduction to crystal structures and properties. Finally, it presents several applications of lead-free piezoelectrics including piezoelectric actuators, and transducers. The challenges for promoting applications will also be discussed. Highly attractive: Lead-free piezoelectrics address the growing concerns on exclusion of hazardous substances used in electrical and electronic devices in order to protect human health and the environment Thorough overview: Covers fundamentals, different classes of materials, processing and applications Unique: discusses fundamentals and recent advancements in the field of lead-free piezoelectrics Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials is of high interest for material scientists, electrical and chemical engineers, solid state chemists and physicists in academia and industry.
This is the first-ever book to illustrate the principles and applications of liquid metal biomaterials. Room-temperature liquid metal materials are rapidly emerging as next-generation functional materials that display many unconventional properties superior to those of conventional biomaterials. Their outstanding, unique versatility (“one material, diverse capabilities”) opens many exciting opportunities for the medical sciences. The book reviews representative applications of liquid metal biomaterials from both therapeutic and diagnostic aspects. It also discusses related efforts to employ liquid metals to overcome today’s biomedical challenges. It will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the technical advances and fundamental discoveries on the frontier, and thus equip them to investigate and utilize liquid metal biomaterials to tackle various critical problems.
Parameter Estimation and Adaptive Control for Nonlinear Servo Systems presents the latest advances in observer-based control design, focusing on adaptive control for nonlinear systems such as adaptive neural network control, adaptive parameter estimation, and system identification. This book offers an array of new real-world applications in the field. Written by eminent scientists in the field of control theory, this book covers the latest advances in observer-based control design. It provides fundamentals, algorithms, and it discusses key applications in the fields of power systems, robotics and mechatronics, flight and automotive systems. - Presents a clear and concise introduction to the latest advances in parameter estimation and adaptive control with several concise applications for servo systems - Covers a wide range of applications usually not found in similar books, such as power systems, robotics, mechatronics, aeronautics, and industrial systems - Contains worked examples which make it ideal for advanced courses as well as for researchers starting to work in the field, particularly suitable for engineers wishing to enter the field quickly and efficiently
With the increasing complexity of and dependency on software, software products may suffer from low quality, high prices, be hard to maintain, etc. Software defects usually produce incorrect or unexpected results and behaviors. Accordingly, software defect prediction (SDP) is one of the most active research fields in software engineering and plays an important role in software quality assurance. Based on the results of SDP analyses, developers can subsequently conduct defect localization and repair on the basis of reasonable resource allocation, which helps to reduce their maintenance costs. This book offers a comprehensive picture of the current state of SDP research. More specifically, it introduces a range of machine-learning-based SDP approaches proposed for different scenarios (i.e., WPDP, CPDP, and HDP). In addition, the book shares in-depth insights into current SDP approaches’ performance and lessons learned for future SDP research efforts. We believe these theoretical analyses and emerging challenges will be of considerable interest to all researchers, graduate students, and practitioners who want to gain deeper insights into and/or find new research directions in SDP. It offers a comprehensive introduction to the current state of SDP and detailed descriptions of representative SDP approaches.
This book investigates in detail the generalized principle of the pattern multiplication (GPPM) and its application to new phased array with high performances. It introduces the generalized element factor (GEF) to small aperture with multi-modes. Based on the GEF, the GPPM can be used to construct the wide-angle scanning array with the dual-port phase mode antenna. Further, a dual-port phase mode SSPPs antenna is proposed to scan in 3D free space. It is extended to two kinds of 1D arrays with 4 elements; both of them perform good 3D scanning with high gain and large range, which will improve future radar design and wireless communication. This book proposes a new method to develop the potentialities of the GPPM and the new phase array. And the readers can study the method or ideas of the GEF, GPPM, even graft the methods to new phase mode antenna and array. It is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in new phase mode antenna and array technology, researchers investigating high-performance antenna, and antenna design engineers working on phase array applications.
This book is a self-contained collection of recent research findings providing a comprehensive and systematic unified framework for both analysis and synthesis for singularly perturbed systems. It paves the way for the gap between frequency-domain-transfer-function-based results and time-domain-state-space-based results to be bridged. It is divided into three parts focusing on: fundamental background of singular perturbation; general singular perturbation methodologies and time-scale techniques and the theoretical foundation of finite-frequency control; the analysis and synthesis of singularly perturbed systems; and real-world engineering applications implementing the results developed in systems like wind turbines and autonomous-aerial-vehicle hovering. It also presents solutions to analysis and design problems in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Lastly, it provides valuable reference material for researchers who wish to explore the design of controllers for such systems.
This book introduces the results that the authors have achieved on the study of functional principle of electroslag remelting for production of high-quality clean steel. The dependence of oxygen, sulfur, and non-metallic inclusions on the processing parameters of electroslag remelting is assessed. The fundamentals and technologies of clean steel production by electroslag remelting have been applied in the round to discuss oxygen, sulfur, and non-metallic inclusions evolution and control. A general concluding remark and a perspective for future work are present. The book is likely to be of interest to university teachers, researchers, R&D engineers, and graduate students in material processing and pyrometallurgy who wish to explore innovative technologies that lead to more energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable clean steel production.
The first notable feature of this book is its innovation: Computational intelligence (CI), a fast evolving area, is currently attracting lots of researchers’ attention in dealing with many complex problems. At present, there are quite a lot competing books existing in the market. Nevertheless, the present book is markedly different from the existing books in that it presents new paradigms of CI that have rarely mentioned before, as opposed to the traditional CI techniques or methodologies employed in other books. During the past decade, a number of new CI algorithms are proposed. Unfortunately, they spread in a number of unrelated publishing directions which may hamper the use of such published resources. These provide us with motivation to analyze the existing research for categorizing and synthesizing it in a meaningful manner. The mission of this book is really important since those algorithms are going to be a new revolution in computer science. We hope it will stimulate the readers to make novel contributions or even start a new paradigm based on nature phenomena. Although structured as a textbook, the book's straightforward, self-contained style will also appeal to a wide audience of professionals, researchers and independent learners. We believe that the book will be instrumental in initiating an integrated approach to complex problems by allowing cross-fertilization of design principles from different design philosophies. The second feature of this book is its comprehensiveness: Through an extensive literature research, there are 134 innovative CI algorithms covered in this book.
This book focuses on key simulation and evaluation technologies for 5G systems. Based on the most recent research results from academia and industry, it describes the evaluation methodologies in depth for network and physical layer technologies. The evaluation methods are discussed in depth. It also covers the analysis of the 5G candidate technologies and the testing challenges, the evolution of the testing technologies, fading channel measurement and modeling, software simulations, software hardware cosimulation, field testing and other novel evaluation methods. The fifth-generation (5G) mobile communications system targets highly improved network performances in terms of the network capacity and the number of connections. Testing and evaluation technologies is widely recognized and plays important roles in the wireless technology developments, along with the research on basic theory and key technologies. The investigation and developments on the multi-level and comprehensive evaluations for 5G new technologies, provides important performance references for the 5G technology filtering and future standardizations. Students focused on telecommunications, electronic engineering, computer science or other related disciplines will find this book useful as a secondary text. Researchers and professionals working within these related fields will also find this book useful as a reference.
Kriging can be used to determine optimal unbiased predictions for regionalized variables and has been shown to be a powerful tool in slope reliability analysis for reliability-based design. This is the first book to systematically cover the basic theory and applications of the method in slope reliability assessment. The book gives an extensive and detailed presentation of principles and applications, introducing geostatistics and the basic theory of Kriging before addressing the challenges in the application of Kriging in slope reliability analysis. The latest advancements in Kriging application methods are introduced, which enhance computational accuracy and reduce model errors. These include optimization algorithms for spatial parameters in Kriging, adaptive modeling of spatial correlation structures, efficient sampling methods based on Monte Carlo simulation, quantitative analysis of slope failure risks, and reliability analysis methods for unreinforced and reinforced slopes based on conditional random fields. Several case studies are presented to illustrate the practical application and implementation procedures, bridging theory, and practical engineering. Kriging in Slope Reliability Analysis particularly suits consulting engineers, researchers, and postgraduate students.
This book investigates in detail some new spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) structures and their applications to antenna. It introduces the working principle and radiation characteristics of directional antenna, omnidirectional antenna, reconfigurable antenna and phase-mode antenna based on SSPPs structure. Especially, the irregular SSPPs structure, such as T-shaped and m-shaped SSPPs structures, is introduced to low-profile end-fire antenna with vertical polarization; the rotated SSPPs structure is applied to CP end-fire antenna and omnidirectional antenna; PIN circuit combining with SSPPs structure is used to pattern reconfigurable antenna; the novel phase-mode SSPPs antennas with multi-modes are performed too. This book proposes a continuous method to develop the potentialities of the SSPPs antenna. And the readers can study the method or ideas of the SSPPs antenna, even graft the methods to other SSPPs antenna. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in SSPPs antenna technology, researchers investigating high-performance antenna, and antenna design engineers working on multi-function antenna applications.
Polymer Matrix Wave-Transparent Composites One-stop reference on important recent research accomplishments in the field of polymer matrix wave-transparent composites Polymer Matrix Wave-Transparent Composites: Materials, Properties, and Applications is a unique book that focuses on polymer matrix wave-transparent composites for electromagnetic wave transmission of a certain frequency, discussing various aspects of design, fabrication, structure, properties, measurement methods, and mechanisms, along with practical applications of functional polymer composites in industrial fields ranging from aircraft radomes, to radomes for ground, shipborne, and airborne purposes, to radomes for 5G communication, to printed circuit boards and beyond. Edited by four highly qualified academics and contributed to by well-known experts in the field, Polymer Matrix Wave-Transparent Composites includes detailed discussion on sample topics such as: Interface between the reinforced fiber and polymer matrix, including basic concepts, characterization, and the most common method of functionalization for the interface Mechanism of wave-transparent, factors that influence wave-transparent performance, and fabrication techniques Processes of hand paste molding, pressure bag molding, laminated molding, resin transfer molding (RTM), and winding molding Physical and chemical properties of the inorganic fibers (glass fibers and quartz fibers) and organic fibers (aramid fibers, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers and poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole fibers) Polymer Matrix Wave-Transparent Composites is an essential reference on the latest research in the field for researchers and related professionals, as well as for individuals who are not familiar with the field and wish to gain a holistic understanding in one place.
Multiscale Modeling of Additively Manufactured Metals: Application to Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process provides comprehensive coverage on the latest methodology in additive manufacturing (AM) modeling and simulation. Although there are extensive advances within the AM field, challenges to predictive theoretical and computational approaches still hinder the widespread adoption of AM. The book reviews metal additive materials and processes and discusses multiscale/multiphysics modeling strategies. In addition, coverage of modeling and simulation of AM process in order to understand the process-structure-property relationship is reviewed, along with the modeling of morphology evolution, phase transformation, and defect formation in AM parts. Residual stress, distortion, plasticity/damage in AM parts are also considered, with scales associated with the spatial, temporal and/or material domains reviewed. This book is useful for graduate students, engineers and professionals working on AM materials, equipment, process, development and modeling. - Includes the fundamental principles of additive manufacturing modeling techniques - Presents various modeling tools/software for AM modeling - Discusses various design methods and how to optimize the AM process using these models
Ocean covers 70.8% of the Earth’s surface, and it plays an important role in supporting all life on Earth. Nonetheless, more than 80% of the ocean’s volume remains unmapped, unobserved and unexplored. In this regard, Underwater Sensor Networks (USNs), which offer ubiquitous computation, efficient communication and reliable control, are emerging as a promising solution to understand and explore the ocean. In order to support the application of USNs, accurate position information from sensor nodes is required to correctly analyze and interpret the data sampled. However, the openness and weak communication characteristics of USNs make underwater localization much more challenging in comparison to terrestrial sensor networks. In this book, we focus on the localization problem in USNs, taking into account the unique characteristics of the underwater environment. This problem is of considerable importance, since fundamental guidance on the design and analysis of USN localization is very limited at present. To this end, we first introduce the network architecture of USNs and briefly review previous approaches to the localization of USNs. Then, the asynchronous clock, node mobility, stratification effect, privacy preserving and attack detection are considered respectively and corresponding localization schemes are developed. Lastly, the book’s rich implications provide guidance on the design of future USN localization schemes. The results in this book reveal from a system perspective that underwater localization accuracy is closely related to the communication protocol and optimization estimator. Researchers, scientists and engineers in the field of USNs can benefit greatly from this book, which provides a wealth of information, useful methods and practical algorithms to help understand and explore the ocean.
All of the models developed in preceding chapters present analyses at the level of action potential firing rates in major output neurons. This is, however, only one kind of neurbiological modeling. A large and dynamic community of theorists also develop more biophysically detailed models that often make detailed and testable predictions about the dynamics of both neuronal firing rates and behavior. This chapter presents an example of that approach in the study of decision making. The chapter begins by developing biophysically plausible accumulator models of the type described in Chapter 19. It then goes on to show how such a circuit can be endowed with realistic reward-dependent learning to guide value-based decision making. A detailed explanation of how models of this kind account for dopamine-dependent reward learning is provided. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the behavior of models of this class in strategic games, during probabilistic inference and during “irrational” decision making.
The book offers a succinct overview of the technical components of blockchain networks, also known as distributed digital ledger networks. Written from an academic perspective, it surveys ongoing research challenges as well as existing literature. Several chapters illustrate how the mathematical tools of game theory and algorithmic mechanism design can be applied to the analysis, design, and improvement of blockchain network protocols. Using an engineering perspective, insights are provided into how the economic interests of different types of participants shape the behaviors of blockchain systems. Readers are thus provided with a paradigm for developing blockchain consensus protocols and distributed economic mechanisms that regulate the interactions of system participants, thus leading to desired cooperative behaviors in the form of system equilibria. This book will be a vital resource for students and scholars of this budding field.
Dielectric Resonator Antennas A detailed guide to dielectric-based techniques for antenna array design and construction Dielectric designs, which transmit electricity without conducting it, have in recent decades been increasingly incorporated into antenna arrays. The resulting Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRAs) provide significant benefits over metal antennas, avoiding conduction loss and increasing efficiency. Dielectric elements can also be incorporated into metal antennas to improve performance. Dielectric Resonator Antennas provides an introduction to dielectric-based techniques for manufacturing antenna arrays. It supplies guidelines for identifying dielectric antenna designs (as opposed to metal ones), describes recent developments in dielectric antenna technology, and points toward potential areas of future growth and development. Readers will also find: Cutting-edge DRA applications in microwave and millimeter-wave communications Detailed discussion of array types including wideband, high-gain, high efficiency, and more Instructions for fabricating dielectric antenna arrays and assessing tolerance levels Dielectric Resonator Antennas is ideal for researchers and students in electrical engineering, as well as for engineers and others working in wireless communications.
This open access book assesses the potential of data-driven methods in industrial process monitoring engineering. The process modeling, fault detection, classification, isolation, and reasoning are studied in detail. These methods can be used to improve the safety and reliability of industrial processes. Fault diagnosis, including fault detection and reasoning, has attracted engineers and scientists from various fields such as control, machinery, mathematics, and automation engineering. Combining the diagnosis algorithms and application cases, this book establishes a basic framework for this topic and implements various statistical analysis methods for process monitoring. This book is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in fault diagnosis technology, researchers investigating automation and industrial security, professional practitioners and engineers working on engineering modeling and data processing applications. This is an open access book.
In the period between the 1920s and 1940s, a genre emerged in Chinese literature that would reveal crucial contradictions in Chinese culture that still exist today. At a time of intense political conflict, Chinese women began to write autobiography, a genre that focused on personal identity and self-exploration rather than the national, collective identity that the country was championing. When "I" Was Born: Women's Autobiography in Modern China reclaims the voices of these particular writers, voices that have been misinterpreted and overlooked for decades. Tracing women writers as they move from autobiographical fiction, often self-revelatory and personal, to explicit autobiographies that focused on women's roles in public life, Jing M. Wang reveals the factors that propelled this literary movement, the roles that liberal translators and their renditions of Western life stories played, and the way in which these women writers redefined writing and gender in the stories they told. But Wang reveals another story as well: the evolving history and identity of women in modern Chinese society. When "I" Was Born adds to a growing body of important work in Chinese history and culture, women's studies, and autobiography in a global context. Writers discussed include Xie Bingying, Zhang Ailing, Yu Yinzi, Fei Pu, Lu Meiyen, Feng Heyi, Ye Qian, Bai Wei, Shi Wen, Fan Xiulin, Su Xuelin, and Lu Yin.
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