Based on comparative research concerning both international conventions and laws, regulations, policies and cases from different jurisdictions, this book puts forward proposals for recovering the balance of interests between copyright holders, technological intermediaries and public users with regard to the access to, distribution and exploitation of copyright works. Four specific issues are discussed in detail: · an anti-circumvention rule for protection of technological measures that control access to copyright material; · indirect infringing liability for internet service providers and safe harbor regulations, which influence the dissemination of copyright works; · copyright limitations and exceptions especially under the digital network environment, which are relevant to the extent that users are allowed to exploit copyright works; · digital commons projects that promote the distribution and adaptation of copyright works placed under voluntary license schemes, which are relevant to the tolerance and encouragement of remix culture.
Adopting a novel approach to the topic by combining theoretical knowledge and practical results, this book presents the most popular and useful computational and experimental methods applied for studying the stereochemistry of chemical reactions and compounds. The text is clearly divided into three sections on fundamentals, spectroscopic and computational techniques, and applications in organic synthesis. The first part provides a brief introduction to the field of chirality and stereochemistry, while the second part covers the different methodologies, such as optical rotation, electronic circular dichroism, vibrational circular dicroism, and Raman spectroscopy. The third section then goes on to describe selective examples in organic synthesis, classified by reaction type, i.e. enantioselective, chemoselective and stereoselective reactions. A final chapter on total synthesis of natural products rounds off the book. A valuable reference for researchers in academia and industry working in the field of organic synthesis, computational chemistry, spectroscopy or medicinal chemistry.
Based on modern life science, biological drugs combine advanced engineering technology and scientific principles of other basic disciplines, and transform organisms or process biological raw materials according to leading designs. Biopharmaceutical raw materials are mainly natural biological materials, including microorganisms, human body, animals, plants, Marine organisms and so on. With the development of biotechnology, purposeful artificial biological raw materials have become the main source of biopharmaceutical raw materials. Biological drugs are characterized by high pharmacological activity, small toxic and side effects and high nutritional value. Biological drugs mainly include proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids and so on. The constituent units of these substances are amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides, fatty acids, etc., which are not only harmless to the human body but also important nutrients.
Hydrothermal techniques have been widely used in the synthesis of advanced materials, the treatment of wastes, and the preparation and extraction of special chemicals. They have also been studied for the mimicking of geothermal processes. Nowadays, hydrothermal techniques and sciences play a very important role both in industry and in academia. This book includes contributions from chemists and chemical engineering scientists worldwide who are active in the field of hydrothermal reactions and techniques. The topics covered range from fundamentals of hydrothermal reactions, modeling of hydrothermal processes, new techniques for hydrothermal treatment, and new materials from hydrothermal systems to supercritical fluid reaction systems.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.