The definitive biography of Zhou Enlai, the first premier and preeminent diplomat of the People’s Republic of China, who protected his country against the excesses of his boss—Chairman Mao. Zhou Enlai spent twenty-seven years as premier of the People’s Republic of China and ten as its foreign minister. He was the architect of the country’s administrative apparatus and its relationship to the world, as well as its legendary spymaster. Richard Nixon proclaimed him “the greatest statesman of our era.” Yet Zhou has always been overshadowed by Chairman Mao. Chen Jian brings Zhou into the light, offering a nuanced portrait of his complex life as a revolutionary, a master diplomat, and a man with his own vision and aspirations who did much to make China, as well as the larger world, what it is today. Born to a declining mandarin family in 1898, Zhou received a classical education and as a teenager spent time in Japan. As a young man, driven by the desire for China’s development, Zhou embraced the communist revolution as a vehicle of China’s salvation. He helped Mao govern through a series of transformations, including the disastrous Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution. Yet, as Chen shows, Zhou was never a committed Maoist. His extraordinary political and bureaucratic skill, combined with his centrist approaches, enabled him to mitigate the enormous damage caused by Mao’s radicalism. When Zhou died in 1976, the PRC that we know of was not yet visible on the horizon; he never saw glistening twenty-first-century Shanghai or the broader emergence of Chinese capitalism. But it was Zhou’s work that shaped the nation whose influence and power are today felt in every corner of the globe.
This comprehensive study of China's Cold War experience reveals the crucial role Beijing played in shaping the orientation of the global Cold War and the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. The success of China's Communist revolution in 1949 set the stage, Chen says. The Korean War, the Taiwan Strait crises, and the Vietnam War--all of which involved China as a central actor--represented the only major "hot" conflicts during the Cold War period, making East Asia the main battlefield of the Cold War, while creating conditions to prevent the two superpowers from engaging in a direct military showdown. Beijing's split with Moscow and rapprochement with Washington fundamentally transformed the international balance of power, argues Chen, eventually leading to the end of the Cold War with the collapse of the Soviet Empire and the decline of international communism. Based on sources that include recently declassified Chinese documents, the book offers pathbreaking insights into the course and outcome of the Cold War.
In this study that is largely intellectual history, Cao Jian observes how Old Testament motifs were introduced by Protestant missionaries and Bible translators, with the help of Chinese co-workers in the beginning, and how those motifs drew attention from local converts and led to discussions among them in light of the norms in Confucianism. Then, Cao demonstrates how Confucian reformists started reacting to missionary publications and showing interest in Old Testament motifs. After the defeat of China in 1894-1895 in the Sino-Japanese War, the response to the Old Testament became more active and influential among China's population. The author shows new interests and tendencies in Old Testament interpretation among educated Chinese with various political ideals at a time of national crisis. He also demonstrates how the vernacular movement in Bible translating and missionary Old Testament education popularized and modernized Old Testament reading and studies in Chinese society. After that transitional period, discussions of Old Testament motifs became even more abundant and diverse. The author concentrates on those regarding the notion of God and monotheism. In China's nationalism, the Old Testament proved no less stimulating. The author deals with Moses and the prophets to understand how they became valid to those active in both religious and secular realms.
Different industries use data analytics and the process modelling technique successfully in a variety of ways. These popular intelligent approaches improve the quality and quantity of production. This book focuses on the technique of soft-sensing based on spectral data with multi-source high-dimensional mechanical frequency in order to assess difficult-to-measure process parameters. The book will be of interest to researchers and professors working in data analytics, engineers and technicians who need a modelling method based on small sample data, and PhD students who need to solve modelling and control challenges in a practical way.
across, bai zhiling found himself married, or married to a cheat playing with female feelings of the man! married on the same day, the wife at the same time to take the door, royal blessing princess alone empty room! listen to all kinds of gossip, bai zhi ling calm number of silver tickets to see all the handsome men and beauty, but in a beauty body planted. "uncle, xiao think of nephew's wife is not right." emperor uncle eyes such as silk. "The emperor uncle person beautiful body jiao yi pull down, ask you to want?
Ning woke up and returned to the 1980s.The first thing she did was change her marriage partner. As a result, the trajectory of her life had completely changed. Since the young nurse became the wealthiest girl, her life had become more prosperous ... But, if the husband was too powerful after marriage, what could he do? "Lu Qingyao, when we got married, we made three rules. You're not allowed to touch each other, otherwise we'll get a divorce." A certain someone replied in all seriousness, "I won't allow it." Oh, he was probing the edge of divorce again!
The eve of the wedding, love for many years by the fiance design...... He watched his prey like a cheetah for five years! Now that he saw her close at hand, he repressed his desire to have her and wanted to spoil her to the bone. she fell step by step, in order to the mentally retarded brother, promised to marry him, but unexpectedly from now on involved in the family vortex, attracted disaster! "dare to touch my woman, dead!" he destroyed the people one by one, and she...
The first thorough account of a formative and little understood chapter in Chinese history Odd Arne Westad and Chen Jian chronicle how an impoverished and terrorized China experienced radical political changes in the long 1970s and how ordinary people broke free from the beliefs that had shaped their lives during Mao's Cultural Revolution. These changes, and the unprecedented and sustained economic growth that followed, transformed China and the world. In this rigorous account, Westad and Chen construct a panorama of catastrophe and progress in China. They chronicle China's gradual opening to the world--the interplay of power in an era of aged and ailing leadership, the people's rebellion against the earlier government system, and the roles of unlikely characters: overseas Chinese capitalists, American engineers, Japanese professors, and German designers. This is a story of revolutionary change that neither foreigners nor the Chinese themselves could have predicted.
Seeking to capture the essence of the current state of research in active media technology, this volume identifies the changes and opportunities - both current and future - in the field. The papers are taken from the Second International Conference on Active Media Technology, held in China in 2003. Researchers such as Professor Ning Zhong from the Maebashi Institute of Technology, Professor John Yen from the Pennsylvania State University, and Professor Sanker K. Pal from the Indian Statistical Institute present their research papers.
Lin Feng, who had a blood feud, obtained the Devouring God Technique and opened up a path of invincibility. He barged into the Demon Region and the War Temple, fighting off the Hundred Races and Heaven's Pride. He massacred countless mighty sects, swallowing up all existences and traversing the entire universe!
In the abandoned domain of the Mysterious Sky Continent's god race, the humans and demons continued to fight endlessly. The evil spirits had awoken unexpectedly, and the evil races from the foreign lands would descend upon the Profound Heaven Continent. Human youths occasionally obtained divine blood and became disciples of the Great Void Sect. Everything began here.
This book introduces multi-catalyst systems by describing their mechanism and advantages in asymmetric catalysis. • Helps organic chemists perform more efficient catalysis with step-by-step methods • Overviews new concepts and progress for greener and economic catalytic reactions • Covers topics of interest in asymmetric catalysis including bifunctional catalysis, cooperative catalysis, multimetallic catalysis, and novel tandem reactions • Has applications for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, materials, and flavour and fragrance
Dai Wei has been unconscious for almost a decade. A medical student and a pro-democracy protestor in Tiananmen Square in June 1989, he was struck by a soldier's bullet and fell into a deep coma. As soon as the hospital authorities discovered that he had been an activist, his mother was forced to take him home. She allowed pharmacists access to his body and sold his urine and his left kidney to fund special treatment from Master Yao, a member of the outlawed Falun Gong sect. But during a government crackdown, the Master was arrested, and Dai Wai's mother—who had fallen in love with him—lost her mind. As the millennium draws near, a sparrow flies through the window and lands on Dai Wei's naked chest, a sign that he must emerge from his coma. But China has also undergone a massive transformation while Dai Wei lay unconscious. As he prepares to take leave of his old metal bed, Dai Wei realizes that the rich, imaginative world afforded to him as a coma patient is a startling contrast with the death-in-life of the world outside. At once a powerful allegory of a rising China, racked by contradictions, and a seminal examination of the Tiananmen Square protests, Beijing Coma is Ma Jian's masterpiece. Spiked with dark wit, poetic beauty, and deep rage, this extraordinary novel confirms his place as one of the world's most significant living writers.
This book provides up-to-date developments in the stability analysis and (anti-)synchronization control area for complex-valued neural networks systems with time delay. It brings out the characteristic systematism in them and points out further insight to solve relevant problems. It presents a comprehensive, up-to-date, and detailed treatment of dynamical behaviors including stability analysis and (anti-)synchronization control. The materials included in the book are mainly based on the recent research work carried on by the authors in this domain. The book is a useful reference for all those from senior undergraduates, graduate students, to senior researchers interested in or working with control theory, applied mathematics, system analysis and integration, automation, nonlinear science, computer and other related fields, especially those relevant scientific and technical workers in the research of complex-valued neural network systems, dynamic systems, and intelligent control theory.
This book captures the essence of the current state of research in wavelet analysis and its applications, and identifies the changes and opportunities OCo both current and future OCo in the field. Distinguished researchers such as Prof John Daugman from Cambridge University and Prof Victor Wickerhauser from Washington University present their research papers. Contents: Volume 1: Accelerating Convergence of Monte Carlo Simulations and Measuring Weak Biosignals Using Wavelet Threshold Denoising (M V Wickerhauser); One of Image Compression Methods Based on Biorthogonal Wavelet Transform and LBG Algorithm (J Lin et al.); A Video Watermarking Algorithm Using Fast Wavelet (J Zhang et al.); Structural and Geometric Characteristics of Sets of Convergence and Divergence of Multiple Fourier Series of Functions which Equal Zero on Some Set (I L Bloshanskii); Sequence Images Data Fusion Based on Wavelet Transform Approach (H Tao et al.); Radar Detection of Minimum Altitude Flying Targets Based on Wavelet Transforms (H Li et al.); Precursors of Engine Failures Revealed by Wavelet Analysis (I M Dremin); Volume 2: Demodulation by Complex-Valued Wavelets for Stochastic Pattern Recognition: How Iris Recognition Works (J Daugman); Wavelets and Image Compression (V A Nechitailo); Fast Wavelet-Based Video Codec and its Application in an IP Version 6-Ready Serverless Videoconferencing (H L Cycon et al.); On a Class of Optimal Wavelets (N A Strelkov & V L Dol''nikov); A Wavelet-Based Digital Watermarking Algorithm (H Q Sun et al.); Research of the Gyro Signal De-Noising Method Based on Stationary Wavelets Transform (J Guo et al.); Adaptive De-Noising of Low SNR Signals (D Isar & A Isar); Analysis of the DLA-Process with Gravitational Interaction of Particles and Growing Cluster (A Loskutov et al.); and other papers. Readership: Graduate students, academics and researchers in computer science and engineering.
This book explores for the first time the punk phenomenon in contemporary China. As China has urbanised within the context of explosive economic growth and a closed political system, urban subcultures and phenomena of alienation and anomie have emerged, and yet, the political and economic differences between China and western societies has ensured that these subcultures operate and are motivated by profoundly different structures. This book will be of interest to cultural historians, media studies and urban studies researchers, and (ex-) punk rockers.
As a traveler, Chen shouxin's dream was to be a happy small landlord in the zhou dynasty. How beautiful would it be to pen some land, brew some wine, raise a few herds of cattle and sheep, and marry a few beautiful wives? Which idea, the family affairs, the state affairs, the world affairs all together poured over. Pacify the rebellion, suppress the Japanese pirates, open the sea ban, prosper the civil affairs, on behalf of the sky patrol to kill the corrupt officials... The emperor of big zhou is willing to allow him to superfine maharaja position, the prime minister of the government, in exchange for big zhou zuanshan. But he really just wants to be a f*cking little landlord.
This book mainly addresses the general equilibrium asset pricing method in two aspects: option pricing and variance risk premium. First, volatility smile and smirk is the famous puzzle in option pricing. Different from no arbitrage method, this book applies the general equilibrium approach in explaining the puzzle. In the presence of jump, investors impose more weights on the jump risk than the volatility risk, and as a result, investors require more jump risk premium which generates a pronounced volatility smirk. Second, based on the general equilibrium framework, this book proposes variance risk premium and empirically tests its predictive power for international stock market returns.
Nitride Semiconductor Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs): Materials, Technologies, and Applications, Second Edition reviews the fabrication, performance and applications of the technology, encompassing the state-of-the-art material and device development, along with considerations regarding nitride-based LED design. This updated edition is based on the latest research and advances, including two new chapters on LEDs for large displays and laser lighting. Chapters cover molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of nitride semiconductors, modern metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) techniques, the growth of nitride-based materials, and gallium nitride (GaN)-on-sapphire and GaN-on-silicon technologies for LEDs. Nanostructured, non-polar and semi-polar nitride-based LEDs, as well as phosphor-coated nitride LEDs, are also discussed. The book also addresses the performance of nitride LEDs, including photonic crystal LEDs, surface plasmon enhanced LEDs, color tuneable LEDs, and LEDs based on quantum wells and quantum dots. Further chapters discuss the development of LED encapsulation technology and fundamental efficiency droop issues in gallium indium nitride (GaInN) LEDs. It is a technical resource for academics, physicists, materials scientists, electrical engineers, and those working in the lighting, consumer electronics, automotive, aviation, and communications sectors. - Features new chapters on laser lighting, addressing the latest advances on this topic - Reviews fabrication, performance, and applications of this technology that encompass the state-of-the-art material and device development - Covers the performance of nitride LEDs, including photonic crystal LEDs, surface plasmon enhanced LEDs, color tuneable LEDs, and LEDs based on quantum wells and quantum dots - Highlights applications of nitride LEDs, including liquid crystal display (LCD) backlighting, infra-red emitters, and automotive lighting - Provides a comprehensive discussion of gallium nitride on both silicon and sapphire substrates
This book provides a framework for investigating faculty development in the Chinese higher education system, and proposes a faculty development model, which is subsequently applied to assess the conceptual, practical and strategic dimensions of Chinese faculty development. The proposed framework is primarily based on reconstructing the higher education system. The book focuses on conceptualizing and pursuing faculty development. The intended readership includes researchers with an interest in, or whose work involves, research on faculty development and comparative higher education; administrators and stakeholders in Chinese higher education management; and graduate students majoring or minoring in comparative higher education.
This book is mainly focused on the climate change in Southeast Asia and its adjacent regions. It summarizes results from recent scientific research based on observational analysis, data diagnosis, theoretical analysis, and model simulations. The book covers the following research areas: (1) characteristics and mechanisms of spring–summer atmospheric circulation systems, (2) ocean-atmosphere-land interaction and climate variability, (3) climate effect of the Tibetan Plateau, (4) attribution of regional climate change and feedback/impact of regional climate on the global climate, and (5) seasonal-to-subseasonal climate prediction. It is anticipated that the book provides useful information for enhancing our understanding of the change in climate over Southeast Asia and the adjacent regions.
Goal Oriented Methodology and Applications in Nuclear Power Plants: A Modern Systems Reliability Approach presents the latest data and research on the modern system reliability approach by GO methodology to improve the quality and reliability of nuclear power plants (NPP). Quality and reliability are two key factors which are critical to the economic success of NPPs, hence this book provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the latest data and research illustrated through the provision of examples and solutions, applications and problems to test comprehension. Authors Xiao-Jian, Jian and Hui-Na systematically illustrate reliability modeling, analysis, optimization allocation and assessment, and their applications in NPPs. This book, without assuming prior knowledge, presents all required information in an accessible and easily applied style. It will be particularly valuable to engineering and reliability professionals, nuclear engineering graduate students, reliability engineering specialists and nuclear energy researchers. - Presents the latest research and data in one resource, eliminating the need to consult many diverse sources - Includes examples and solutions that provide practical applications - Combines principles, applications and examples within NPPs to provide a very thorough understanding of the technological aspects presented
This book is part of an initiative in cooperation with renowned Chinese publishers to make fundamental, formative, and influential Chinese thinkers available to a western readership, providing absorbing insights into Chinese reflections of late, and offering a chance to grasp today’s China. In their influential book Handbook of the History of Religions in China, Zhongjian Mou and Jian Zhang present a panorama of the religions existing in China through time. In their fascinating History, they delineate the emergence and development of Daoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam, and Christianity and explore the roles they played in Chinese society and the interrelations between them. In China, also due to the encompassing Confucian idea of “living together harmoniously while maintaining differences,” religions—including newly arrived ones—came closer together than anywhere else in the world and reached a unique level of peaceful societal coexistence. Despite many frictions and conflicts, communication and reconciliation were indisputably predominant in China throughout history. Buddhism was peacefully introduced into China and, later on, a harmonious, symbiotic syncretism of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism developed—an exemplary process of how a diverse set of different religions can complement each other and contribute to a better life.
Multi-Agent Systems: Platoon Control and Non-Fragile Quantized Consensus aims to present recent research results in designing platoon control and non-fragile quantized consensus for multi-agent systems. The main feature of this book is that distributed adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) algorithms are proposed to guarantee strong string stability based on modified constant time headway (MCTH) policy. The MCTH policy is used to remove the unrealistic assumption in the most existing literature that initial spacing, velocity and acceleration errors are zero. This monograph investigates the platoon control issue by combining SMC technique with neural network and fuzzy logic system approximation methods.
The development of polymeric materials in the form of geosynthetics has brought major changes to the area of Civil Engineering. Increasing interest in these materials and their use has resulted in significant advances in their practical applications in the last few decades. Following this progress, geosynthetics have become a common and favoured construction component in present-day geotechnical engineering. A wide range of compositions is now used, with properties tailored to conditions required for application. Fundamentals of Geosynthetic Engineering provides an overview of the basic concepts of this fascinating and innovative subject area in a logical and illustrative way. This book guides the reader from basic description, manufacturing and material properties of the geosynthetics to their selection process and the major applications. It treats practical analysis and design concepts and provides guidelines for application. In addition, the quality control, field performance and monitoring of applied geosynthetics are discussed, and some aspects of costs analysis are described. The text is supported by examples, multiple choice and numerical questions with answers provided. One separate chapter with case studies is included in the book. In addition, the latest common test standards and codes of practice are introduced in a few sections with extensive references. This textbook will serve courses in geosynthetics or earth reinforcement for graduate students in Geotechnical, Transportation, Hydraulic or Environmental Engineering. It may also be used as part of the undergraduate Geotechnical Engineering course for final year undergraduate students in Civil Engineering. The structure of this text also facilitates self-study by civil engineers, manufacturers and installers who wish to become familiar with the subject matter.
As the world’s only English-language historical dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), this book offers a comprehensive coverage of major historical figures, events, political terms, and other matters relevant to this unique period of modern Chinese history that had profound influence on social and cultural movements of the world in the 1960s and 1970s. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution covers its history through a chronology, an introductory essay, glossary, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 400 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about this important period in Chinese history.
Perishable products such as fruits and vegetables account for the largest proportion of food loss due to their short shelf life, especially in the absence of proper storage facilities, which requires sustainable, universal and convenient preservation technology. The existing methods to prolong the shelf life of food mainly include adding preservatives, irradiation, cold storage, heat treatment and controlled atmosphere storage. But with disadvantages in irradiation, cold storage, heat treatment and controlled atmosphere storage, chemical synthetic preservatives are still the main means to control food corruption. As the food industry responds to the increasing consumer demand for green, safe and sustainable products, it is reformulating new products to replace chemical synthetic food additives. Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents in Food Preservation provides a comprehensive introduction to the antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils and their application strategies in food preservation. It is aimed at food microbiology experts, food preservation experts, food safety experts, food technicians and students. Features: Summarizes the application strategy and safety of essential oil in the field of food preservation Describes the synergistic antibacterial effect of essential oil and antimicrobial agents Explains the action mechanism of essential oil as antimicrobial agent against foodborne fungi, foodborne bacteria, viruses and insects Analyzes the antimicrobial activity of essential oil in gas phase The book discusses how as a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant, essential oil has great potential to be used in the food industry to combat the growth of foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. But because the essential oil itself has obvious smell and is sensitive to light and heat, it cannot be directly added to the food matrix and thus the application strategies presented in this book explain how to alleviate those issues.
The book gives an introduction to basic biometric image discrimination technologies including theories that are the foundations of those technologies and new algorithms for biometrics authentication"--Provided by publisher.
This book investigates the educational equity in China from multiple perspectives, including rural and urban educational equity, interschool educational equity, Eastern and Western educational equity and administrative policies related to the educational equity. All those perspectives concentrate on examining the comprehensive development of the educational equity in contemporary China. In addition, this book also presents specific historical and cultural shifts for policymakers and stakeholders to offer an in-depth understanding of the educational equity strategy in a long term.
The intertwined trees were so big that one couldn't even see the sunlight. At this moment, Qing Hun, who was an explorer, was extremely regretful. If he had known that he would not be able to get out of this primeval forest, he would not have come by himself. He used the thick branch in his hand to pull at the dense shrubs and weeds growing on the ground as he walked. He had been lost for five days, his cell phone was dead, the compass had been broken in the fight with the Wolf, and his leg had been bitten by the Wolf.
Lee Denaro has awakened suddenly to the fact that he is old. The job market does not want him, despite his new PhD. Young at heart, athletic, and reasonably good-looking, on occasion he finds himself still appealing to women much younger than his actual years. Now without rose-colored glasses, he sees that plan A is a long shot. He has no plan B. But he is not giving up. He draws again closer to God to plead for a change in fate. To end a loser? No! It cannot be. Not one by nature to reminisce, nonetheless, Lee finds himself deep into introspection. Where did he go wrong? He is struggling in every manner of life. He is barely hanging on financially and finds himself alone, without a wife or a girlfriend. Meanwhile, Abigail—Abby, Lee’s childhood crush—has her own problems. Contrary to Lee, she is married, wealthy, and bored with life. And she has another major problem. She hates sex. To get Lee, that is a major hurdle. Sh-Boom is—and is not—a love story. Nor is it just about a man’s struggle with his god. True, it is the story of one man’s life from early boyhood to late manhood. But it is more so about life itself. It is really about The Way of the World—not Congreve’s—as the protagonist himself discovered it in a drunken state in Paris. Long in volume, Sh-Boom presents an honest-to-goodness look at life with its twist and turns, highs and lows, betrayals, romance, sex, disappointments, and perhaps violence, but only in the mind of the protagonist from life’s frustrations. The action moves from California to Florida to South Carolina to Germany to Paris to Moscow to China. It is a story worth telling and a story worth reading.
There has never been anything quite like the Cultural Revolution, which disrupted life in the People's Republic of China from 1966 to 1976. It wreaked havoc in the world's most populous country, often turning life upside down and undermining the party, government, and army, weakening the economy, society, and culture. Tens of millions were hurt or killed during this period, and relatively few benefited, aside from Mao Zedong and (temporarily) the Gang of Four." "The A to Z of the Chinese Cultural Revolution provides an extensive chronology that traces the events of the revolution and the introduction puts those events in context and explains them. The bulk of the information is provided in numerous dictionary entries on important persons, places, institutions, and movements. The bibliography points to further resources, and the glossary helps those researching in Chinese." --Book Jacket.
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