The atomic arrangements in condensed matter play an ever increasing role in many areas of science and technology - Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Physics, Geology, Biology and Electrical, Civil, Mechanidtl and Chemical Engineering. Exciting discoveries in these fields in this century often stemmed from studies of these arrangements using diffraction: the structure and functions of DNA and other biological molecules, the configuration of polymer chains, the crystalline nature of metals and their imperfections, semiconductors and insulators, and -the links between their structures, their defects and material properties, and the interaction between materials and the environment. The broad, interdisciplinary character of diffraction studies makes them particularly exciting. With new tools such as the high-resolution electron microscope, new detectors, new techniques (such as EXAFS and glancing angle diffraction) and the new sources, the horizons of this field greatly expanded in the 1950's and 60's. Pulsed neutron sources and high intensity storage rings that came on the scene in the late 70's have opened up possibilities for new study to such vast horizons that it is hard to sit here writing this - there's so much to be done! Within the walls bounding each field of science or engineering, diffraction and structure is only one specialty. It is too easy for this topic to be developed in such a narrow way that sight is lost of the basic principles and broad possibilities.
In this sophisticated overview of human emotions, a widely respected psychologist and author addresses the ambiguities and embraces the controversies that surround this intriguing subject. An insightful and lucid thinker, Jerome Kagan examines what exactly we do know about emotions, which popular assumptions about emotions are incorrect, and how scientific study must proceed if we are to uncover the answers to persistent and evasive questions about emotions. Integrating the findings of anthropological, psychological, and biological studies in his wide-ranging discussion, Kagan explores the evidence for great variation in the frequency and intensity of emotion among different cultures. He also discusses variations among individuals within the same culture and the influences of gender, class, ethnicity, and temperament on a person's emotional patina. In his closing chapter, the author proposes that three sources of evidence - verbal descriptions of feelings, behaviours, and measures of brain states - provide legitimate but different definitions of emotion. Translating data from one of these sources to another may not be possible, Kagan warns, and those who study emotions must accept, at least for now, that their understanding is limited to and by the domain of their information
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