Matching Properties of Deep Sub-Micron MOS Transistors examines this interesting phenomenon. Microscopic fluctuations cause stochastic parameter fluctuations that affect the accuracy of the MOSFET. For analog circuits this determines the trade-off between speed, power, accuracy and yield. Furthermore, due to the down-scaling of device dimensions, transistor mismatch has an increasing impact on digital circuits. The matching properties of MOSFETs are studied at several levels of abstraction: A simple and physics-based model is presented that accurately describes the mismatch in the drain current. The model is illustrated by dimensioning the unit current cell of a current-steering D/A converter. The most commonly used methods to extract the matching properties of a technology are bench-marked with respect to model accuracy, measurement accuracy and speed, and physical contents of the extracted parameters. The physical origins of microscopic fluctuations and how they affect MOSFET operation are investigated. This leads to a refinement of the generally applied 1/area law. In addition, the analysis of simple transistor models highlights the physical mechanisms that dominate the fluctuations in the drain current and transconductance. The impact of process parameters on the matching properties is discussed. The impact of gate line-edge roughness is investigated, which is considered to be one of the roadblocks to the further down-scaling of the MOS transistor. Matching Properties of Deep Sub-Micron MOS Transistors is aimed at device physicists, characterization engineers, technology designers, circuit designers, or anybody else interested in the stochastic properties of the MOSFET.
The nearly 150-year-old sport of cycling had its first competition in France in 1868. Soon afterward, the need arose for purpose-built cycling tracks because of poor road conditions at the time. Racing on blocked off pieces of street or grass soon evolved into racing on special tracks called velodromes. This development marked the split into what are still the two main forms of cycling competition: road racing and track racing. Initially, track cycling was more popular in terms of public attention and money to be earned by racers, but this gradually changed in favor of road racing, which has been the most popular form of cycling since at least the end of World War II. The Historical Dictionary of Cycling takes a closer look at the sport, as well as discussing the use of bicycles as a means of fitness, touring, and commuting. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, photos, a bibliography, and over 500 cross-referenced dictionary entries on cycling's two main disciplines—road and track—as well as brief overviews of the other forms of cycling. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about cycling.
The Olympic Movement began with the Ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Greece on the Peloponnesus peninsula at Olympia, Greece. It is not clear why the Greeks instituted this quadrennial celebration in the form of an athletic festival. The recorded history of the Ancient Olympic Games begins in 776 B.C., although it is suspected that the Games had been held for several centuries by that time. The Games were conducted as religious celebrations in honor of the god Zeus, and it is known that Olympia was a shrine to Zeus from about 1000 B.C. In modern time The Olympic Movement attempts to bring all the nations of the world together in a series of multisport festivals, the Olympic Games, seeking to use sport as a means to promote internationalism and peace. This fifth edition of Historical Dictionary of The Olympic Movement covers its history through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 1000 cross-referenced entries on the history, philosophy, and politics of the Olympics, major organizations, the various sports, the participating countries, and especially the athletes. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about The Olympic Movement.
This volume explores and presents challenges that “traditional” organisations experience once they take off towards self-managing organisations - what Laloux (2014) called Teal Organisations. It offers a new roadmap for leaders who are responsible for the implementation of self-managing teams in organisations.
De ontreddering herhaalde zich. Drie, vier keer kaatsten haar hulpkreten tegen de betonnen muren voordat ze door de stilte werden opgeslokt. Ze veegde de tranen van haar gezicht en probeerde opnieuw de wanhoop uit haar lijf te schreeuwen. 'Laat me gaan! Maak me los!' Hannahs leven lijkt in balans wanneer de machtige en in kunstkringen gevreesde Simon Salomons haar schildertalent ontdekt. Haar carrière raakt in een stroomversnelling, maar de zoete smaak van het succes verbittert op slag als Hannah na het plotselinge overlijden van haar moeder noodgedwongen terugkeert naar haar geboortedorp, het strenggereformeerde Duinwijck. Haar terugkeer ontgrendelt deuren die ze jarenlang angstvallig heeft dichtgehouden. Tegen wil en dank wordt ze geconfronteerd met de leugens, trauma's en duistere mysteries uit haar verleden. Hannah zou het dorp het liefst zo snel mogelijk weer de rug toekeren, maar haar obsessies en seksuele fantasieën schreeuwen om verklaringen. Haar zoektocht naar antwoorden leidt via een reeks huiveringwekkende ontdekkingen naar een bloedstollende ontknoping. Welke geheimen houden zich schuil achter de duinen van Hannahs geboortedorp? Wat is er drie decennia geleden werkelijk in Duinwijck gebeurd?
This will help us customize your experience to showcase the most relevant content to your age group
Please select from below
Login
Not registered?
Sign up
Already registered?
Success – Your message will goes here
We'd love to hear from you!
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.