When the creative residents of Elm Creek gather the week after Thanksgiving to work on quilts for Project Linus, they respond to Sylvia's provocative questions to alleviate respective personal challenges and learn helpful lessons about the strength of human connections.
Teachers and school leaders are confronted by various issues pertaining to social justice every day. This volume will help school leaders to handle these issues ethically, and is intended to be used by administrators for the professional development of teachers, teacher leaders, and aspiring principals. This volume can be also be used in the higher education classroom in order to prepare current and aspiring administrators to lead for social justice. This volume utilizes the case study approach, which has been found to “sharpen problem-solving skills and to improve the ability to think and reason rigorously” (Harvard Graduate School of Education, 2013). This volume includes cases pertaining to race, class, gender, sexual orientation, discrimination and harassment, culturally responsive pedagogy, et cetera. Each case requires the reader to look beyond the facts, by providing guidance on current research and policy guidelines. Each case provides the reader with additional information that will assist them in making informed decisions. Additionally, each case provides facilitators with guiding questions to assist them in their pedagogy and for subsequent class discussion.
Why are we attracted to some people and not to others? Are first impressions accurate? Why do some romantic relationships succeed while others fail? Are our romantic choices influenced by evolution? In tackling questions like these, The Social Psychology of Attraction and Romantic Relationships reviews the theory and research behind this fascinating area. It combines real-life anecdotes and popular media examples with the latest psychological studies, making it a lively and engaging read. Ideal for students of social psychology and intimate relationships courses, this is a comprehensive introduction to an everyday subject that, on closer investigation, proves to be a dynamic, intriguing, and sometimes surprising area.
Do you love solving problems with mathematics? So did groundbreaking computer programmer Jean Bartik. She turned her passion for math into a successful career in what was then a brand-new field. During World War II, women took on more technology jobs as men joined the armed forces. Bartik started her career doing mathematical calculations for top-secret weapons systems projects. After the war, a new machine took over these calculations. It was the first all-electronic computer, and Bartik helped build and program it. But how did Bartik's interest in mathematics take her to the forefront of cutting-edge technology? Find out how she went from gifted student to software pioneer.
What has been the impact of deregulation and a rapidly changing socio-economic environment on the professions? The cross-disciplinary contributions to this volume examine the changing role of the professions.
Readers will never see soccer in the same way after reading this volume. The opening chapter provides a high-level overview, including soccer's origins, popularity around the world, possible controversies, and recent hot topics. Further chapters ease into the scientific principles and concepts relevant to soccer. Readers will learn about the biomechanics and physiology related to play, and relevant elements of related sports medicine. Readers will also learn about exercise, training, warm-ups, motor control and muscle fatigue, respiration and cardiovascular efficiency, diet and nutrition, and drugs.
3m, 2f / Dark Comedy / Unit Set In a suburban subdivision with identical houses, parents find their teenagers addicted to an online horror video game. The game setting? A subdivision with identical houses. The goal? Smash through an army of zombies to escape the neighborhood for good. But as the line blurs between virtual and reality, both parents and players realize that fear has a life of its own. "Playing like a nifty episode of 'The Twilight Zone', the story builds to an affectingly grues
After all the green beer has been poured and the ubiquitous shamrocks fade away, what does it mean to be Irish American besides St. Patrick’s Day? Who’s Your Paddy traces the evolution of “Irish” as a race-based identity in the U.S. from the 19th century to the present day. Exploring how the Irish have been and continue to be socialized around race, Jennifer Nugent Duffy argues that Irish identity must be understood within the context of generational tensions between different waves of Irish immigrants as well as the Irish community’s interaction with other racial minorities. Using historic and ethnographic research, Duffy sifts through the many racial, class, and gendered dimensions of Irish-American identity by examining three distinct Irish cohorts in Greater New York: assimilated descendants of nineteenth-century immigrants; “white flighters” who immigrated to postwar America and fled places like the Bronx for white suburbs like Yonkers in the 1960s and 1970s; and the newer, largely undocumented migrants who began to arrive in the 1990s. What results is a portrait of Irishness as a dynamic, complex force in the history of American racial consciousness, pertinent not only to contemporary immigration debates but also to the larger questions of what it means to belong, what it means to be American.
Juvenile Justice: A Guide to Theory, Policy, and Practice takes students through the practical realities of the juvenile justice system and the most current topics in the field. The Tenth Edition features real-life examples, excellent pedagogical features, and complete digital resources to help students learn interactively.
A compelling dual-narrated tale from Jennifer Latham that questions how far we've come with race relations. Some bodies won't stay buried. Some stories need to be told. When seventeen-year-old Rowan Chase finds a skeleton on her family's property, she has no idea that investigating the brutal century-old murder will lead to a summer of painful discoveries about the present and the past. Nearly one hundred years earlier, a misguided violent encounter propels seventeen-year-old Will Tillman into a racial firestorm. In a country rife with violence against blacks and a hometown segregated by Jim Crow, Will must make hard choices on a painful journey towards self discovery and face his inner demons in order to do what's right the night Tulsa burns. Through intricately interwoven alternating perspectives, Jennifer Latham's lightning-paced page-turner brings the Tulsa race riot of 1921 to blazing life and raises important questions about the complex state of US race relations--both yesterday and today.
Challenging depression provides an overview of depression for clinicians and reviews the causes, diagnosis and treatment of depression. The authors review medications and treatment protocols as well as explain the different forms of depression.
Blue Team defensive advice from the biggest names in cybersecurity The Tribe of Hackers team is back. This new guide is packed with insights on blue team issues from the biggest names in cybersecurity. Inside, dozens of the world’s leading Blue Team security specialists show you how to harden systems against real and simulated breaches and attacks. You’ll discover the latest strategies for blocking even the most advanced red-team attacks and preventing costly losses. The experts share their hard-earned wisdom, revealing what works and what doesn’t in the real world of cybersecurity. Tribe of Hackers Blue Team goes beyond the bestselling, original Tribe of Hackers book and delves into detail on defensive and preventative techniques. Learn how to grapple with the issues that hands-on security experts and security managers are sure to build into their blue team exercises. Discover what it takes to get started building blue team skills Learn how you can defend against physical and technical penetration testing Understand the techniques that advanced red teamers use against high-value targets Identify the most important tools to master as a blue teamer Explore ways to harden systems against red team attacks Stand out from the competition as you work to advance your cybersecurity career Authored by leaders in cybersecurity attack and breach simulations, the Tribe of Hackers series is perfect for those new to blue team security, experienced practitioners, and cybersecurity team leaders. Tribe of Hackers Blue Team has the real-world advice and practical guidance you need to advance your information security career and ready yourself for the blue team defense.
Bridge the generation gap and achieve outstanding results! You might expect the occasional age-related misunderstanding to find its way into the classroom—after all, if today’s kids aren’t exactly from another planet, they’re definitely from another generation. At least you and your colleagues are all on the same page...right? Not necessarily. In some schools, as many as four generations work side by side, and that means countless chances for crossed wires, miscommunication, and perhaps even mistrust. Authors Jennifer Abrams and Valerie von Frank are attuned to these generational differences. In this book, based on Abrams’ popular workshop, the authors demonstrate how educators can look past their own generational filters to reap the benefits of seeing through a new lens. Focusing on the major contexts in which generational differences play out—including recruitment, coaching, professional learning, and succession planning—this book offers Tools, checklists, and recommendations for collaborating, evaluating, and engaging in professional learning that meets multigenerational needs Professional development activities that cultivate an understanding of generational differences and strengthen workplace culture Real-life stories and case studies that bring the topic to life With this honest, practical, and often amusing look at generations at work, you’ll learn to improve communication, retain staff, and look toward succession—a multigenerational plan for school success. "Few people today are taking on this topic, particularly in the U.S. One of the greatest leadership challenges of this age is how to work across generations. Newer generations are not flawed versions of previous generations—each has its own compelling perspective to contribute. This is the best book to add to an issue that affects all educators and will open up many people’s thinking about leadership." — Andy Hargreaves, Thomas More Brennan Chair Lynch School of Education Boston College, MA
This engaging new book takes a fresh approach to the major topics surrounding the processes and rituals of death and dying in the United States. It emphasizes individual experiences and personal reactions to death as well as placing mortality within a wider social context, drawing on theoretical frameworks, empirical research and popular culture. Throughout the text the authors highlight the importance of two key factors in American society which determine who dies and under what circumstances: persistent social inequality and the American consumerist ethic. These features are explored through a discussion of topics ranging from debates about euthanasia to deaths resulting from war and terrorism; from the death of a child to children’s experience of grieving and bereavement; and from beliefs about life after death to more practical issues such as the disposal of the dead body. Drawing on sociological, anthropological, philosophical, and historical research the authors present the salient features of death and dying for upper-level students across the social sciences. For anyone interested in learning more about the end of life, this book will provide a useful and accessible perspective on the uniquely American understanding of death and dying.
Usability Testing for Survey Research provides researchers with a guide to the tools necessary to evaluate, test, and modify surveys in an iterative method during the survey pretesting process. It includes examples that apply usability to any type of survey during any stage of development, along with tactics on how to tailor usability testing to meet budget and scheduling constraints. The book's authors distill their experience to provide tips on how usability testing can be applied to paper surveys, mixed-mode surveys, interviewer-administered tools, and additional products. Readers will gain an understanding of usability and usability testing and why it is needed for survey research, along with guidance on how to design and conduct usability tests, analyze and report findings, ideas for how to tailor usability testing to meet budget and schedule constraints, and new knowledge on how to apply usability testing to other survey-related products, such as project websites and interviewer administered tools. - Explains how to design and conduct usability tests and analyze and report the findings - Includes examples on how to conduct usability testing on any type of survey, from a simple three-question survey on a mobile device, to a complex, multi-page establishment survey - Presents real-world examples from leading usability and survey professionals, including a diverse collection of case studies and considerations for using and combining other methods - Discusses the facilities, materials, and software needed for usability testing, including in-lab testing, remote testing, and eye tracking
Impress your friends, family, and coworkers with fascinating facts about favorite TV shows and test your own TV trivia knowledge with dozens of challenging and entertaining quizzes. Did you know... Succession relies on “wealth consultants” to ensure authenticity on how the richest of the rich live? A fan of The Office, after recalling the episode where Steve Carell’s character arranges a (disastrous) CPR training session, successfully performed CPR on an unconscious stranger? Fraggle Rock was the first American TV series broadcast in Russia? Learn the stories behind these obscure TV tidbits and much more! With fun trivia, challenging quizzes, and log pages for your own lists, Mental Floss: The Curious Viewer Ultimate Quiz and Trivia Book will become as indispensable for your next binge-watch as your remote control. DOZENS OF FUN AND CHALLENGING QUIZZES: Test your TV knowledge with quizzes like "Two Degrees Of" your favorite celebrities, and "Match the Quote to the Simpsons Character" TRIVIA ABOUT MORE THAN 100 TV SHOWS: Get the inside scoop, fascinating facts, and mind-boggling trivia on the greatest shows from the past 20 years, from serious dramas such as Law and Order to seriously funny comedies like Ted Lasso MAKE IT YOUR OWN: Dozens of pages with fill-in lists, such as "Shows I Want to Binge" and "My Favorite TV Quotes" to "Shows I Started but Never Finished" and "My Favorite Shows of All Time.
The Guest Editors have compiled a comprehensive issue that addresses the current clinical diagnosis, treatment,and management of infections in children. Top authors in their field have written review articles on the following topics: Update on Varicella Zoster Virus in Children; Emerging Respiratory Viruses in Children; Bronchiolitis in Children; Antimicrobial resistance in pediatrics in Children; New updates in influenza vaccination in Children; Changing epidemiology of CAP in Children; Zika Virus in Children; Ebola Virus in Children; Infections in Children on biologics; New rapid diagnostics in Children; Infections in HSCT Children; Changing epidemiology of H. influenzae infections in Children; Norovirus in Children; PEP in children; Syphilis in Children; Encephalitis in Children; and Malaria in Children. Infectious disease physicians will have the most current and up-to-date best practice information in their field.
Legislative member organizations (LMOs)—such as caucuses in the U.S. Congress and intergroups in the European Parliament—exist in lawmaking bodies around the world. Unlike parties and committees, LMOs play no obvious, predefined role in the legislative process. They provide legislators with opportunities to establish social networks with colleagues who share common interests. In turn, such networks offer valuable opportunities for the efficient exchange of policy-relevant—and sometimes otherwise unattainable—information between legislative offices. Building on classic insights from the study of social networks, the authors provide a comparative overview of LMOs across advanced, liberal democracies. In two nuanced case studies of LMOs in the European Parliament and the U.S. Congress, the authors rely on a mix of social network analysis, sophisticated statistical methods, and careful qualitative analysis of a large number of in-depth interviews.
Is there anything sexier than a man who likes to read? Crawl between the pages with these literary hunks and live out your next fantasy chapter: The Professor's Secret: English professor Claudia Manchester secretly writes spicy romances under a pen name to keep her side job under wraps till she's secured tenure. But when she meets historical romance writer Bradley Davis while dressed as her sexier alter ego as at conference, can they build love on lies? Sadie's Story: When businessman Jordan Blaise walks into Sadie Rose Perkins's bookstore, she's hoping to sell a paperback or two, but she's ready for anything, including an adventure. Then he asks her to pose as his wife-to-be so that he can convince his dying mother that he'll have the happily ever after she has always wanted for him. Even Sadie isn't prepared for the adventure falling in love turns out to be. A Late-Blooming Rose: When bitter and downright beastly wheelchair-bound Eva Mitchum propositions handsome bookseller Beau Landry to stay with her as her new caregiver in exchange for a rare book collection, a surprising connection blossoms between the prickly pair. Eva must decide if she has the strength to move past her tragic circumstances and embrace a new life and new love. California Sunset: Annie Gerhard is struggling to keep her Silicon Valley techie job during a recession, while John Johnson is trying to make a go of his bookstore. Neither has time for romance, but fate is taking care of business by writing them a new story. Out of Character: As a writer, JJ Sprightly tries to create characters that jump off the page, but she never expects that one day her hero and heroine will literally pop out of the book and grab a seat on the couch. Seems they've made this fantastical journey to help her find the man of her dreams. But how can this be a happily ever after if JJ wants nothing to do with Kennedy King Cooper, the man her characters have chosen? Nothing's final until you reach The End. The Duplicitous Debutante: Writing the popular Harry Hawk dime novels as F.P. Elliott, Rosemary Fitzpatrick is too busy hiding her female identity from her new publisher, Henry Cooper. But Henry is neither the typical Boston Brahmin nor the typical publisher. When her deception begins to unravel at the Cotillion Ball, will Henry be able to forgive her, or has deceit cost her the man she loves? Georgie's Heart: Georgeanne Hartfield, author of the explosive, best-selling nonfiction book Faking It, wrote her book about faking sexual pleasure as a means of coming to terms with her own failed marriage. She never counted on meeting a man like Zane Bryant, who makes her feel like a woman for the first time in her life. But if Zane ever discovers she is the person behind the pen name Fritzi Field, how can he possibly believe that her response to him is the real thing? Jade's Treasure: Booked at a mountain resort under an alias, world-famous author Matthew Riley McLaughlin expects to be left alone to write. Until he meets the charming Jade Sawyer--surely, a bit of pleasure with his business is exactly what he needs. But this plot doesn't suit Jade's idea of a good story, especially when she learns their attraction was built on a lie. Matt knows he messed up--but can he create another ending to their story? Sensuality Level: Sensual
Offers a guided tour to Elm Creek Manor, which features prominently in the book series, including a detailed look at the Bergstrom family tree, biographies of each character, illustrations of quilt blocks, and a short story.
Vaudeville is often viewed as the source of some of the crude stereotypes that positioned the Irish immigrant in America as the antithesis of native-born American citizens. Using primary archival material, Mooney argues that the vaudeville stage was an important venue in which an Irish-American identity was constructed, negotiated, and refined.
The field of geriatric rehabilitation is constantly changing due to the discovery of new evidence-based evaluation and treatment strategies, as well as the continual support or refutation of older theories and practices. Now in itsFourth Edition, A Clinical Approach to Geriatric Rehabilitation has been updated to be at the forefront of these changes and includes free video content from MedBridge and a discount on a MedBridge subscription to geriatric rehabilitation courses offered by the authors. Drs. Jennifer M. Bottomley and Carole B. Lewis have compiled the plethora of available scientific research on geriatric populations and combined it with their years of actual clinical practice. Together this makes this text a complete evidence-based guide to the clinical care of geriatric patients and clients. The first part of A Clinical Approach to Geriatric Rehabilitation, Fourth Edition tackles applied gerontological concepts, providing the general knowledge base necessary for treating geriatric patients. Topics in this section include patient evaluation, an exploration of nutritional needs, and age-related changes in physiology and function, as well as many other foundational areas. In the second section, topics become more focused on patient care concepts like neurologic considerations, cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular considerations, and establishing community-based screening programs. In the final section, chapters center on administration and management, including important subjects such as attitudes, ethics, and legal topics, as well as consultation and research. New and updated in the Fourth Edition: Pearls section for succinct highlights of the content within each chapter The latest evidence-based practice interventions with complete references for further reading Updated graphics, pictures, and diagrams to illustrate the content Content summaries and streamlined text for enhanced readability Updated case studies to exemplify clinical decision-making Designed to provide valuable, real-life clinical knowledge, A Clinical Approach to Geriatric Rehabilitation, Fourth Edition gives physical therapists an evidence-based guide to the clinical aspects of rehabilitative care in older adult patients and clients.
It has been over twenty years since the people of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland voted for devolution. Over that time, the devolved legislatures have established themselves and matured their approach to governance. At different times and for different reasons, each has put wellbeing at the heart of their approach – codifying their values and goals within wellbeing frameworks. This open access book explores, for the first time, why each set their goal as improving wellbeing and how they balance the core elements of societal wellbeing (economic, social and environmental outcomes). Do the frameworks represent a genuine attempt to think differently about how devolved government can plan and organise public services? And if so, what early indications are there of the impact is this having on people’s lives?
The Princeton Review s The Best 169 Law Schools provides student-survey-driven profiles of the nation s top law schools as well as detailed statistics about other accredited law schools. Each profile includes information on academics, campus life, and admissions, and the book also provides answers to all the practical questions one should ask when applying to law school.
Although Phoenix may be the youngest major urban center in the United States, it was one of the first to recognize the significance of its historic neighborhoods by placing them in the city Historic Property Register. The three historic areas that form the basis of the Greater Coronado Neighborhood are Coronado, designated in 1986; Country Club Park, designated in 1993; and Brentwood, designated in 2003. The story of Phoenix is comprised of the collective experiences of many groups who have lived here. Weaving these multiple histories together through images of the people and places of the Greater Coronado Neighborhood, readers will have the opportunity to discover a neighborhood that is rich in resources and people who have helped Phoenix mature throughout the years.
Jones's explores the legal, cultural, and dramatic representations of six accused murderesses (Lizzie Borden, Susan Smith, and Louise Woodward being the best known) to look at how English-speaking society responded to and controlled anxiety over female transgressions.
Reading, writing, and 'rithmetic aren't the only subjects these ten passionate couples explore in this fun digital romance bundle. But are their relationships strong enough to make the grade? Turns out love doesn't always follow a lesson plan... The Professor's Secret: English professor Claudia Manchester secretly writes spicy romances under a pen name to keep her side job under wraps till she's secured tenure. But when she meets historical romance writer Bradley Davis while dressed as her sexier alter ego at a conference, can they build love on lies? Just for the Weekend: Multimillionaire Sam Mason is sick of gold diggers. When he meets role-playing kindergarten teacher Cleo James at a sci-fi convention in Vegas, she seems like the real thing. Then--surprise!--he wakes up married to this sexy stranger...only to find Cleo has vanished. Is he looking for a swindler or the love of his life? Probabilities: Bubbly were-lynx Tizzy Sands planned to teach kindergarten, eventually marry, and start a family. But cancer changed that goal, and she's now determined to take down the nefarious Nexus Group--and steer clear of any romantic involvements. Quinn Arons's genius IQ makes him the least socially skilled were-lynx in the colony, but he might just be the man to show Tizzy there's more to life than saving their world. In the Shadow of Evil: After ten years with Maryland's Special Crime Unit, very little rattles Jared McNeil. Then his nemesis resurfaces, with his sights set on Jennie McKenzie, the fifth-grade teacher and face from the past that Jared is honor bound to protect, no matter what. Between the Sheets: The Western Washington Choral Directors' annual retreat is the perfect setting for music teacher Maggie Schafer to turn over a new leaf in her love life, but a pretend romance with handsome Randy Devers gets surprisingly real. The Look-Alike Bride: High school gym teacher Leonie Daniel leads a double life, often standing in for her glamorous older sister who works as a government agent. All Leonie has to do this time is spend a few weeks in Zara's lakeside cabin near Hot Springs, Arkansas, behave like Zara, and avoid Adam Silverthorne, the man her sister is interested in. But now Adam is falling for Leonie...or is he? The Marrying Kind: Professor Jane O'Hara takes a sabbatical to follow her bliss to a horse farm. She doesn't expect to find it with the owner's son, Mark Hannon--but their connection is sudden and sizzling. Will their pasts prevent them from having a future? The Gettysburg Vampire: Ghosts are a popular draw in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, so college student Abby Potter takes advantage of the phenomenon by inventing a vampire folktale for the annual holiday production. Problem is, her leading man--a history professor at the college and a renowned Civil War re-enactor--is a little too convincing in the role. Winter Fairy: Recuperating ballerina Penelope Glazier can enchant the young girls in the Fairy Dreams class she teaches, but will her magic work on Carson Langley, the sexy but straight-laced single father of her most talented student? Or will she dance out of their lives when her big break arrives? Inventing Sin: English professor Gabriella Kurtz tells her colleagues she's dating the perfect guy: big, masculine but gentlemanly, and capable of mind-blowing sex all weekend. Problem is, he's not real...until ex-military man Duncan Sinclair enters the picture, posing as an accomplished academic to take down a terrorist.
As the education community struggles with literacy achievement, skillful leadership has emerged as a distinguishing feature of successful schools. Since The Literacy Principal was first published, it has helped shape the discussion around accountability and successful practices that support both teachers and students. This revised and expanded second edition challenges principals to become even more involved in championing literacy in their schools. It examines the role of school leaders at both the elementary and secondary levels. Commentaries from teachers, principals, and consultants who have been involved in developing strong school-wide and district-wide literacy programs are included to demonstrate the strides that many schools have made in the last few years. The increasingly important role of school literacy coaches and mentoring teams are presented as models of the power of cooperative approaches to successful literacy programs. David Booth and Jennifer Rowsell offer an overview of the most successful strategies for creating a support network that will nurture and build a powerful reading environment. They help administrators: introduce and support cooperative approaches to literacy that involve coaches and mentoring teams; understand exemplary reading and writing programs and school-wide strategies for promoting literacy growth among students; demonstrate a commitment to literacy among teachers, parents, students, and the community; appreciate the many forms of assessment and evaluation including intervention programs for improving student performance. Rooted in the latest research and real-world experience, this new edition provides tried-and-true frameworks that principals can use in their quest to create schools where literacy thrives.
Reader-friendly Cell Biology, 4th Edition, provides a concise but comprehensive foundation for students entering research or health care career paths. Award winning illustrations help readers quickly grasp general principles. The authors have thoroughly updated this popular text to provide readers with the current understanding of the principles of normal cellular function along with examples of how molecular defects predispose to human disease. Major new themes in the 4th edition include the roles of intrinsically disordered polypeptides and phase separation in cellular functions, the influence of new molecular structures on understanding mechanisms, and the impact of exciting new methods—from single cell RNA sequencing to second generation super resolution fluorescence microscopy—on advancing our understanding. - Clear, readable explanations provide a concise story about how cells function at the molecular level. - An intuitive chapter flow starts with genome organization, gene expression, and RNA processing as a foundation for understanding every aspect of cellular function and physiology. - Brings cellular biology to life for students interested in medical science by explaining how mutations in genes can compromise virtually every cellular system and predispose to human disease. Knowledge of cell biology has led to new treatments for cancer, heart failure, cystic fibrosis, and many other diseases. - Unique illustrations with realistic proportions and relationships explain every cellular process including the assembly of SARS CoV-2, the structures attaching mitotic chromosomes to microtubules, the mechanism of DNA replication and how pumps, carriers and channels orchestrate physiological processes from synaptic transmission to cellular volume regulation. - Covers exciting breakthroughs such as SMC motor proteins actively organizing chromosomal DNA, TOR kinases regulating metabolism, new types of immunotherapy for cancer treatment, mechanisms regulating fast axonal transport and their relation to neurodegenerative diseases, how completion of DNA replication sets the time for cells to enter mitosis, how a cascade of signals specifies the site of cell division, and newly understood pathways of normal and pathological cell death.
A number of curious communities sprang up across the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century: simulated cities, states, and nations in which children played the roles of legislators, police officers, bankers, journalists, shopkeepers, and other adults. They performed real work—passing laws, growing food, and constructing buildings, among other tasks—inside virtual worlds. In this book, Jennifer Light examines the phenomena of “junior republics” and argues that they marked the transition to a new kind of “sheltered” childhood for American youth. Banished from the labor force and public life, children inhabited worlds that mirrored the one they had left. Light describes the invention of junior republics as independent institutions and how they were later established at schools, on playgrounds, in housing projects, and on city streets, as public officials discovered children's role playing helped their bottom line. The junior republic movement aligned with cutting-edge developmental psychology and educational philosophy, and complemented the era's fascination with models and miniatures, shaping educational and recreational programs across the nation. Light's account of how earlier generations distinguished "real life" from role playing reveals a hidden history of child labor in America and offers insights into the deep roots of such contemporary concepts as gamification, play labor, and virtuality.
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