A composer of singular vision. Joaquín Rodrigo (1901–1999) is best known as the composer of one of the most popular works of music in the twentieth century—the Concierto de Aranjuez for guitar and orchestra. It’s been featured in movies and television commercials and remains a staple of concert programs for orchestras around the world. Miles Davis said, “After listening to it for a couple of weeks…I couldn’t get it out of my mind,” and he used it as inspiration for his album Sketches of Spain. But as Javier Suárez-Pajares and Walter Aaron Clark reveal in this musical biography—the first complete study in English—Rodrigo’s work and influence extend far beyond that singular composition. A Light in the Darkness takes us through Rodrigo’s childhood in Valencia, the onset of blindness at the age of three, and the beginnings of his musical education. He achieved some early success in Spain as a composer before moving to Paris in 1927 to advance his studies, following in the footsteps of other eminent Spanish composers like Isaac Albéniz, Joaquín Turina, and Manuel de Falla. There he enrolled in courses with composer Paul Dukas, met the woman who would become his wife, and earned the respect and friendship of Falla, who became his champion. Along the way, Rodrigo’s musical voice developed and matured as his horizons widened. Suárez-Pajares and Clark present a definitive account of the making of Rodrigo’s celebrated guitar concerto, even as they capture the breadth of Rodrigo’s compositional output, from solo works for piano and guitar through chamber music and vocal works to concertos and orchestral pieces. As they demonstrate, Rodrigo’s music is unmistakably Spanish, but with his own unique accent. Rodrigo’s life and career spanned a period of great tumult in Spain, and he had to navigate strong, shifting political and cultural currents—before, during, and after Franco. An authoritative life of one of the twentieth century’s great musical geniuses, A Light in the Darkness becomes a stunning tale of how art gets made under even the most challenging circumstances.
This book covers the whole of Geometrid moths fauna of mainland Spain and Portugal including the Balearic Islands (Mallorca, Menorca and Ibiza). In the systematic part, the text for each species is divided into the following paragraphs: Wingspan; Diagnosis; Biology; Distribution; Comments. The photographed colour plates illustrate all species apart from a very few where it has not been possible to obtain material. Most species are illustrated in several specimens. The genitalia illustrations are line drawings and cover the species where the genitalias may be useful for the identification. The book is the first ever to cover the entire Iberian Geometrid fauna. It is a big step forward and a fine supplement to The Geometrid Moths of Europe, both for those with a special interest in Iberian Geometridae as for those with a more general interest in European species. The text is fully bilingual Spanish-English.
This book is a crucial reference source for high school and undergraduate college students interested in contemporary Brazil. While it provides a general historical and cultural background, it also focuses on issues affecting modern Brazil. In recent years, Brazil has come onto the world stage as an economic powerhouse, a leader in Latin America. This latest addition to the Understanding Modern Nations series focuses on Brazil's culture, history, and society. This volume provides readers with a wide understanding of Brazil's historical past, the foundation for its cultural traditions, and an understanding of its social structure. In addition, it provides a look into contemporary society by highlighting both national accomplishments and challenges Brazilians face in the twenty-first century. Specific chapters cover geography; history; government and politics; economy; religion; social classes and ethnicity; gender, marriage and sexuality; education; language; etiquette; literature and drama; arts and architecture; music and dance; food; leisure and sports; and media, cinema, and popular culture. Entries within each chapter look at topics such as cultural icons, economic inequalities, race and ethnicity, soccer, politics, environmental conservation, and women's rights. Ideal for high school and undergraduate students, this volume paints a panoramic overview of one of the most powerful countries in the Americas.
The Spanish Arcadia analyzes the figure of the shepherd in the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Spanish imaginary, exploring its centrality to the discourses on racial, cultural, and religious identity. Drawing on a wide range of documents, including theological polemics on blood purity, political treatises, manuals on animal husbandry, historiography, paintings, epic poems, and Spanish ballads, Javier Irigoyen-García argues that the figure of the shepherd takes on extraordinary importance in the reshaping of early modern Spanish identity. The Spanish Arcadia contextualizes pastoral romances within a broader framework and assesses how they inform other cultural manifestations. In doing so, Irigoyen-García provides incisive new ideas about the social and ethnocentric uses of the genre, as well as its interrelation with ideas of race, animal husbandry, and nation building in early modern Spain.
There have been few previous examples of guitar versions of Schubert' piano music, and practically no attempts to transcribe a complete set of pieces, as Caldern has done here with the six pieces of Schubert's Moments Musicaux. These pieces are superb examples of Schubert's mastery in the miniature form, true musical moments of mood and feeling. Two other pieces complete this collection, which also includ notes on the preparation and performance of the pieces in English, German, and Spanish. the music is in standard notation only with a CD of performances of the pieces by the arranger.
Dark Back of Time is a compelling story of the way in which reality blurs into fiction by Javier Marías, whose highly-anticipated new novel The Infatuations is published in 2013. It is translated by Esther Allen in Penguin Modern Classics. 'We lose everything because everything remains except us', says the mysterious narrator of this extraordinary novel, which meditates on the transience, chance and fragility of life. As a man called Javier Marías recalls the strange events and people that shaped his past, including ghostly literary figures, a pilot, an adventurer, a brother who died as a child and the king of an island in the Caribbean, we begin to question the nature of time, memory and reality itself. Here the writer is both a keeper of memories and a purveyor of illusions, destined to be lost in the dark back of time. Javier Marías was born in Madrid in 1951. He has published ten novels, two collections of short stories and several volumes of essays. His work has been translated into thirty-two languages and won a dazzling array of international literary awards, including the prestigious Dublin IMPAC award for A Heart So White. He is also a highly practised translator into Spanish of English authors, including Joseph Conrad, Robert Louis Stevenson, Sir Thomas Browne and Laurence Sterne. 'I was enthralled by his strange mix of made-up memories, lost experiences and real-life fantasies' Marina Warner, Guardian 'He uses language like an anatomist uses a scalpel to lay bare the innermost secrets of that strangest of species, the human being' W. G. Sebald, author of Austerlitz
Commemorations that shaped major elements of Spanish identity at the beginning of the 20th century are full of centennials and anniversaries that elaborate and renew the Spanish national mythology. In Centennial Fever Javier Moreno-Luzón, one of the most prominent Spanish historians of his generation, studies the milestones that defined transnational dimensions of celebration at the beginning of the 20th century including the Peninsular War, the first Spanish Constitution, the independence of Latin American States, the “discovery” of the Pacific Ocean and the death of Miguel de Cervantes and the publication of Don Quixote of La Mancha. Through these truly global events, a cultural community is created, called “Hispanoamerica” or “La Raza”, on which Spanish nationalism has become dependent.
American trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Chagas disease is endemic in Latin America, where an estimated 10–14 million people are infected, and an emerging disease in Europe and the USA. Trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted by blood-sucking bugs of the family Reduviidae. Rhodnius prolixus, Panstrongylus megistus, Triatoma infestans, and T. dimidiata are the main vectors in the sylvatic cycle. Non vector-borne transmission includes blood transfusion, congenital and oral transmission, transplantation, and accidental infections. Most cases of acute infection occur in childhood and are usually asymptomatic, although severe myocarditis and meningoencephalitis may occur. Approximately 30% of T. cruzi-infected people will develop the chronic stage of the disease. Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy is characterized by progressive heart failure, arrhythmias, intraventricular conduction defects, sudden death, and peripheral thromboembolism. Acute exacerbation can occur in individuals with involvement of cellular immunity such as advanced AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), and transplant-associated immunosuppression. Neurological involvement may present with encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, or a space-occupying cerebral lesion called chagoma. Chagas disease is a major cause of ischemic stroke in Latin America. Several epidemiological studies have found an association between T. cruzi infection and cardioembolic ischemic stroke. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are the two available trypanocide drugs against T. cruzi.
In Moors Dressed as Moors, Javier Irigoyen-Garcia draws on a wide range of sources to reveal the currency of Moorish clothing in early modern Iberian society.
The Enciclopedia de Linguistica Hispánica provides comprehensive coverage of the major and subsidiary fields of Spanish linguistics. Entries are extensively cross-referenced and arranged alphabetically within three main sections: Part 1 covers linguistic disciplines, approaches and methodologies. Part 2 brings together the grammar of Spanish, including subsections on phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Part 3 brings together the historical, social and geographical factors in the evolution of Spanish. Drawing on the expertise of a wide range of contributors from across the Spanish-speaking world the Enciclopedia de Linguistica Hispánica is an indispensable reference for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Spanish, and for anyone with an academic or professional interest in the Spanish language/Spanish linguistics.
El lobo de Caja Madrid es la historia del paso depredador de Miguel Blesa al frente de la que fuera la cuarta entidad financiera de nuestro país. La Caja de Ahorros de Madrid fue la más antigua de todas las españolas. Fundada en 1702, su finalidad inicial fue atender las necesidades de los sectores sociales más desfavorecidos, dándoles protección y apoyo financiero a través de préstamos gratuitos, garantizados con alhajas, prendas y otros bienes. Comoentidad financiera sin ánimo de lucro funcionó a la perfección hasta que en 1996, de la mano del entonces presidente del Gobierno José María Aznar y gracias al apoyo de CC.OO., llegó a su presidencia Miguel Blesa. La suya ha quedado como muestra de una de las más desastrosas gestiones de nuestro sistema bancario, puesto que nos ha costado a todos los españoles 22.424 millones de euros para evitar la quiebra de Bankia.A lo largo de estas páginas, los autores diseccionan a un personaje, Miguel Blesa, y su vida desaforada (llena de cacerías, cruceros, lujo...), sus ruinosos negocios en Miami, Iberia, Martinsa o SosCuétara, el escándalo de las preferentes, la expansión del ladrillo y, en definitiva, la ruina de Caja Madrid por los abusos y desmanes de un depredador y de su entorno político, que queda aquí al descubierto
WINNER OF THE IMPAC DUBLIN AWARD • Widely considered a masterpiece, a breathtaking novel about family secrets that chronicles the relentless power of the past—from the award-winning author of The Infatuations and "Spain's best writer" (Roberto Bolaño, national bestselling author of The Savage Detectives). Juan knows little of the interior life of his father Ranz; but when Juan marries, he begins to consider the past anew, and begins to ponder what he doesn't really want to know. Secrecy—its possible convenience, its price, and even its civility—hovers throughout the novel. A Heart So White becomes a sort of anti-detective story of human nature. Intrigue; the sins of the father; the fraudulent and the genuine; marriage and strange repetitions of violence: Marías elegantly sends shafts of inquisitory light into shadows and onto the costs of ambivalence.
From the internationally renowned author of The Impostor, a courageous journey into his own family history and that of a country collapsing from a fratricidal war--his most moving, most personal book, one he has spent his entire life preparing to write. Javier Cercas grew up hearing the legend of his adored great-uncle Manuel Mena, who died at nineteen in the bloodiest battle of the Spanish Civil War--while fighting for Franco's army. Who was this young man? A fascist hero whose memory is an embarrassment or a committed idealist who happened to fall on the wrong side of history? Is it possible to be a moral person defending an immoral cause? Through visits back to his parents' village in southern Spain, interviews with survivors, and research into the murkiest corners of the war, the author pieces together the life of this enigmatic figure and of an entire generation. This sui generis work combines intimate family history, investigative scholarship, personal confession, war stories, and road trips, finally becoming a transcendent portrait of a country's indelible scars--a book about heroism, death, the persistence of the past, and the meaning of an individual life against the tapestry of history.
Diego Javier Luis tells the story of transpacific Asian movement to and through the Spanish Americas. On arrival in Mexico, diverse Asian peoples became "chinos" subject to the colonial caste system. Tracing Asian resistance and adaptation to New Spanish ideas of race, Luis presents a Pacific-focused narrative of the colonial Americas.
¿Qué tienen en común Isabel la Católica, Teresa de Jesús, Clara Campoamor, Frida Khalo y Coco Chanel? Todas fueron mujeres excepcionales y vencieron las trabas de una sociedad que no favorecía el desarrollo de su talento por el mero hecho de ser mujer. Esta obra recoge los perfiles de 60 mujeres que vivieron entre el siglo XIV a. C: y 1978, muchas de ellas grandes desconocidas para el gran público. Todas ellas tenían condición de líderes, pero ejercieron ese liderazgo de manera muy diferente y no siempre de forma positiva. De cada una de ellas se extraen numerosas enseñanzas de completa actualidad para los profesionales de hoy, al margen de su sexo.
The most wonderful and clear art guide to explore and learn all the fundamentals of the greatest works, artists, schools of art and styles in the Prado Museum. Discover the Prado, one of the premier art galleries in the world. Explore and appreciate the greatest masterpieces and the artists who created them: El Greco, Velázquez, Goya, Botticelli, Raphael, the Venetians, Rubens, Rembrandt, Lorraine, Poussin, 19th century Spanish painting plus the best sculptural and decorative works it treasures in its collections. Learn its history and transformation from picture gallery to global treasured museum, which houses one of the very best collections of European art in the world including the most complete collection of Spanish paintings.
La publicación de este volumen representa un caso relativamente insólito. Un pequeño grupo de jóvenes investigadores de menos de treinta años convence a un grupo mucho más numeroso de la misma edad para celebrar en Salamanca la First Conference of Young Researchers on Anglophone Studies. El resultado es deslumbrante. No solo demuestran una gran capacidad organizativa, sino que los resultados individuales de las aportaciones científicas son sobresalientes. Este volumen, Current Trends in Anglophone Studies, recoge una selección revisada de las propuestas presentadas en el Encuentro y gira en torno a una estructuración tripartita clásica: estudios culturales, lingüísticos y literarios. En ella caben todos aquellos que se mueven en el campo de los estudios anglófonos. Cada uno de estos campos podría haber sido suficiente para celebrar un congreso, pero parece razonable que en este tipo de encuentros tengan cabida todos. De ese modo, este volumen se convierte en un ejemplo de aproximación interdisciplinar a los estudios anglófonos. Desde un punto de vista cuantitativo, los estudios culturales ocupan sin duda un espacio menor. Sin embargo, sobresale la variedad de temas tratados, así como la internacionalización de los autores, dentro de este apartado. Estudiantes españoles e italianos acometen estudios relacionados con la música, la pintura, el cine, la traducción, la marginalidad social o el impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en la producción artística. Si no pareciera demasiado atrevido, podría decirse que estos jóvenes estudiosos irían más allá de lo que un día ya lejano pudieron imaginar Richard Hoggard o Raymond Williams. Los estudios aquí presentados reflejan, sin duda, la evolución que la propia sociedad ha experimentado en estos últimos cincuenta años y exploran la relación entre las prácticas culturales, la vida diaria, y los contextos económicos, políticos e históricos. No es de extrañar que una gran parte de las contribuciones presentadas en este volumen se centren en el estudio de la lengua, ya que la demanda del inglés se ha incrementado de forma considerable en los últimos años. Sobresalen los análisis puramente filológicos y sobre todo los relacionados con el aprendizaje del inglés como segunda lengua. Por eso, destacan estudios que contemplan rasgos morfológicos, léxicos o sintácticos. Sin embargo, el mayor número de participaciones hace referencia al ya citado aprendizaje del inglés como L2, tanto desde el análisis de materiales, como desde la práctica oral o escrita. Las contribuciones literarias ofrecen una evaluación teórica, formal e interpretativa de distintas tendencias desde perspectivas tanto interdisciplinares como interculturales. Cronológicamente los estudios abarcan textos desde el siglo XVIII hasta nuestros días, con un acento especial en los autores más contemporáneos y en el género narrativo. En general estos estudios se fijan en textos concretos y los analizan desde perspectivas culturales, sociológicas o psicológicas. Pero abundan menos las aproximaciones desde la teoría literaria, desde la técnica narrativa o, como tal vez cabría esperar al tratarse de estudiantes tan jóvenes, desde la aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías. Por el contrario, se repiten temas como los traumas heredados de la Guerra de Vietnam, las cicatrices del 11 de septiembre o los problemas de género.
An elaborately woven novel of intrigue about one of America's most curious and enduring legends -- the enigma of the Lady in Blue In Los Angeles, Jennifer Narody has been having a series of disturbing dreams involving eerie images of a lady dressed in blue. What she doesn't know is that this same spirit appeared to leaders of the Jumano Native American tribe in New Mexico 362 years earlier, and was linked to a Spanish nun capable of powers of "bilocation," or the ability to be in two places simultaneously. Meanwhile, young journalist Carlos Albert is driven by a blinding snowstorm to the little Spanish town of Ágreda, where he stumbles upon a nearly forgotten seventeenth-century convent founded by this same legendary woman. Intrigued by her rumored powers, he delves into finding out more. These threads, linked by an apparent suicide, eventually lead Carlos to Cardinal Baldi, to an American spy, and ultimately to Los Angeles, where Jennifer Narody unwittingly holds the key to the mystery that the Catholic Church, the U.S. Defense Department, and the journalist are each determined to decipher -- the Lady in Blue.
WINNER OF SPAIN'S NATIONAL CRITICS AWARD • From the award-winning, internationally bestselling author of The Infatuations comes a gripping novel of intrigue and missed chances—at once a spy story and a profound examination of a marriage founded on concealment. • "A masterly premise ... worthy of a Hitchcock adaptation." —The New York Times Book Review When Berta Isla was a schoolgirl, she decided she would marry Tomás Nevinson—the dashing half-Spanish, half-English boy in her class with an extraordinary gift for languages. But when Tomás returns to Madrid from his studies at Oxford, he is a changed man. Unbeknownst to her, he has been approached by an agent from the British intelligence services, and he has unwittingly set in motion events that will derail forever the life they had planned. With peerless insight into the most shadowed corners of the human soul, Marías plunges the reader into the growing chasm between Berta and Tomás and the decisions that irreversibly change the course of the couple's fate. Berta Isla is a novel of love and truth, fear and secrecy, buried identities, and the destinies we bring upon ourselves.
Global Mental Health provides an outline of the field of mental health with a particular focus on Latin America and the Spanish-speaking world. The book details evidence-based approaches being implemented globally and presents ongoing state of the art research on major mental disorders taking place in Latin America, including work being done on understanding Alzheimer’s, Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, and other psychoses. While supporting the initiative for building capacity of care in low income countries, the book warns about some of the potential risks related to the abuse of psychiatry, using examples from the past, focusing on early 20th century Spain.
Este libro actualiza los conocimientos e investigaciones que se realizan en torno al alcornoque a nivel internacional desde un punto de vista integrador desde las perspectivas del árbol, el sistema en el que éste se integra y los productos que de él se generan. El libro está integrado por 42 aportaciones organizadas en 7 capítulos que comprenden la ecofisiología y genética de la especie, los modelos de crecimiento y producción, la regeneración y selvicultura, los aspectos sanitarios, la gestión multiobjetivo y sostenibilidad de los alcornocales, la producción y calidad de madera y corcho, así como aspectos relacionados con la innovación y generación de nuevos productos.
Machines have always gone hand-in-hand with the cultural development of m- kind throughout time. A book on the history of machines is nothing more than a specific way of bringing light to human events as a whole in order to highlight some significant milestones in the progress of knowledge by a complementary persp- tive into a general historical overview. This book is the result of common efforts and interests by several scholars, teachers, and students on subjects that are connected with the theory of machines and mechanisms. In fact, in this book there is a certain teaching aim in addition to a general historical view that is more addressed to the achievements by “homo faber” than to those by “homo sapiens”, since the proposed history survey has been developed with an engineering approach. The brevity of the text added to the fact that the authors are probably not com- tent to tackle historical studies with the necessary rigor, means the content of the book is inevitably incomplete, but it nevertheless attempts to fulfil three basic aims: First, it is hoped that this book may provide a stimulus to promote interest in the study of technical history within a mechanical engineering context. Few are the co- tries where anything significant is done in this area, which means there is a general lack of knowledge of this common cultural heritage.
In February 1981, just as Spain was finally leaving Franco's dictatorship and during the first democratic vote in parliament for a new prime minister - Colonel Tejero and a band of right-wing soldiers burst into the Spanish parliament and began firing shots. Only three members of Congress defied the incursion and did not dive for cover,: Adolfo Suarez the then outgoing prime minister, who had steered the country away from the Franco era, Guttierez Mellado, a conservative general who had loyally served democracy, and Santiago Carillo, the head of the Communist Party, which had just been legalised. In The Anatomy of a Moment, Cercas examines a key moment in Spanish history, just as he did so successfully in his Spanish Civil War novel, Soldiers of Salamis. This is the only coup ever to have been caught on film as it was happening, which, as Cercas says, 'guaranteed both its reality and its unreality'. Every February a few seconds of the video are shown again and Spaniards congratulate themselves for standing up for democracy, but Cercas says that things were very quiet that afternoon and evening while all over Spain people stayed inside waiting for the coup to be defeated .... or to triumph.
In its fully revised and updated second edition, Musculoskeletal Imaging covers every aspect of musculoskeletal radiology. This medical reference book incorporates the latest diagnostic modalities and interventional techniques, as well as must-read topics such as hip, groin and cartilage imaging; newly described impingements; and new concepts in the hip including teres ligament pathology. Accessibility in print, online and across portable devices makes Musculoskeletal Imaging a fully searchable and dependable source for both reading and reference. This publication is a key title in the popular Expert Radiology Series, which delivers evidence-based expert guidance from around the globe. "This is an excellent benchbook and accompanying electronic resource which will be of value to trainee radiologists and established consultants." Reviewed by: Dr Steve Amerasekara, Consultant Radiologist on behalf of journal RAD Magazine Date: July 2015 "This outstanding text is now an acclaimed primary resource and therefore belongs in the libraries and at the work stations of all general and orthopedic hospital departments of radiology and, indeed, at any and all imaging facilities involved in musculoskeletal imaging." Foreword by: Lee F. Rogers, June 2015 Fully understand each topic with a format that delivers essential background information. Streamline the decision-making process with integrated protocols, classic signs, and ACR guidelines, as well as a design that structures every chapter consistently to include pathophysiology, imaging techniques, imaging findings, differential diagnosis, and treatment options. Write the most comprehensive reports possible with help from boxes highlighting what the referring physician needs to know, as well as suggestions for treatment and future imaging studies. Access in-depth case studies, valuable appendices, and additional chapters covering all of the most important musculoskeletal procedures performed today. Quickly locate important information with a full-color design that includes color-coded tables and bulleted lists highlighting key concepts, as well as color artwork that lets you easily find critical anatomic views of diseases and injuries. Engage with more than 40 brand-new videos, including arthroscopic videos. Easily comprehend complicated material with over 5,000 images and new animations. Explore integrated clinical perspectives on the newest modalities such as PET-CT in cancer, diffusion MR, as well as ultrasonography, fusion imaging, multi-slice CT and nuclear medicine. Learn from team of international experts provides a variety of evidence-based guidance, including the pros and cons of each modality, to help you overcome difficult challenges. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, references, and videos from the book on a variety of devices.
Social spending is a powerful tool to reduce poverty, achieve higher equality and better life conditions for the inhabitants of a country. In "Social Expenditure in Central America, Panama and the Dominican Republic: 2007-2013", a characterization of the different variables that have taken social expenditure to its current position is performed. During the economic crisis period, many governments of the region confront this situation with an increase in social expenditures. However, part of the increase was centered on inflexible items, particularly wages, which facilitated the increase in fiscal deficits and, consequently, on public debt. Thus, after the financial crisis, the fiscal situation has reduced governments' buffers to respond to economic shocks, which imply that we need to examine the fiscal policy given its rigidity, the scarcity of public resources and the institutional contract. The study of wage bill increases provides more information related to the causes of this dynamic, and allow us to offer recommendations to improve spending management without threatening public finances. A better use of resources could contribute to define a more efficient and equitable agenda for the countries in the region. Finally, something that was not deeply explored, as of today, is the institutional complexity and how this could facilitate, or hinder, the government's ability to express its fiscal policy, including the effectiveness in the use of public resources.
The series entitled "Guide to secondary education in Europe" is developed as part of the project "A secondary education in Europe". The aim of this series is to give the public not only systematic & coherent information on the educational systems & traditions in all signatory states to the European Cultural Convention, but also to outline the essential problems these systems are facing at the present time.
This collection contains hundreds of beautiful rarely-seen-before figures produced throughout the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century by famed father-of-modern-neuroscience Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934) and his contemporaries. Cajal was captivated by the beautiful shapes of the cells of the nervous system. He and his fellow scientists saw neurons as trees and glial cells as bushes. Given their high density and arrangement, neurons and glial resembled a thick forest, a seemingly impenetrable terrain of interacting cells mediating cognition and behavior.
Sociopolitical changes are often associated with ideological shifts at the individual and mass level. The study of how sociopolitical and ideological change interrelate has been the subject of debate for decades. Here, however, the authors develop and defend a new theory that treats ideologies as complex cognitive systems that are internally articulated around prioritized principles and values. Focusing on the transition to democracy in Latin America, the book examines the changes in mass beliefs that accompany democratization in an effort to offer a more sophisticated theory of the relationship between belief, ideology, and action in social change. Ultimately, the authors argue for a cognitive-based model that can account for how social actors come to define democracy in current contexts. Taking democratization as a case study, ^IConceptual Structure and Social Change^R focuses on third-wave transitions to democracy of the 1990s because they are evidence of very complex ideological changes and alignments. Using comparative survey data as a tool to track ideological shifts, several ideological uniformities are identified, such as the rise of a unified opposition, the paradoxical support of the masses to the authoritarian party in power, and the ideological shifts and strategies used by ruling and opposition elites to gain mass support. Viewing these changes as the mechanics of ideological systems in flux paves the way for a general theory of ideological change.
This collection contains three of Javier Sierra's heartpounding thrillers: THE SECRET SUPPER: This instant New York Times bestseller reveals the secrets embedded in Leonardo Da Vinci's best-known Christian piece The Last Supper. THE LOST ANGEL: A Middle Eastern terrorist group will stop at nothing to get their hands on a mysterious pair of 16th century stones used for communicating with God—even if it means running from the CIA, the President of the United States and putting their lives on the line. THE LADY IN BLUE: Javier Sierra investigates another thrilling historical enigma: the mysterious Lady in Blue who magically appeared to Native Americans in the 16th century. The Conquistadores initially believe she is the Virgin of Guadalupe but the truth is far more surprising.
In this highly important book, Javier Rodrigo examines the role of Fascist Italy in the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939. Fascist Italy’s intervention in the Spanish Civil War to provide material, strategic, and diplomatic assistance led to Italy becoming a belligerent in the conflict. Following the unsuccessful military coup of July 1936 and the insurgents’ subsequent failure to take Madrid, the Corps of Voluntary Troops (CTV, Corpo Truppe Volontarie ) was created—in the words of an Italian fascist anthem—to ‘liberate Spain’, usher in a ‘new History’, ‘make the peoples oppressed by the Reds smile again’, and ‘build a fascist Europe’. Far from being insignificant or trivial, the intervention of Fascist Italy and Italian fascists on Spanish soil must be seen as one of the key aspects which contribute to the Spanish conflict’s status as an epitome of the twentieth century. Drawing on sources ranging from ministerial orders to soldiers’ diaries, this book reconstructs the evangelisation of fascism in Spain. This book is the first important study on Fascist Italy’s role in the conflict to appear in English in over 45 years. It examines Italian intervention from angles unfamiliar to English-speaking readers and will be useful to students of history and scholars interested in twentieth-century Europe, fascism, and the international dimension of the Spanish Civil War.
Diversity is the nature of humanity, of men and women whose profiles are highly different. The same applies to the structure, behavior and results of how they interrelate, the institutions they create, and the governance tools they use. This evidence is an axiom of everything that concerns humanity. Globalization has brought together people and their differences to act in a unique, dynamically diverse space in constant transformation. Including these diversities is key to the sustained development of organizations, regions and nations. In the nineteen fifties and sixties of the ninetieth century, the scientific community established that Diversity would be the distinguishing factor of the twenty-first century, with Albermathy and Utterback in the forefront, among other researchers. The science of Diversity emerged. And so, the development of intelligence would be critical to understand and manage the behavior of men and women as they move forward in search of a sustainable future. In the eighties, the scientific community —Johnston and Packer (1987), among others— not only further researched the concept of Diversity but also established that it is responsible for the generation of conflicts at global, local and group levels in this century. Later, in the nineties, further analyzing the consequences, researchers such as Cox and Blake identified Diversity as the main generator of innovation. Diversity, therefore, is the key factor for organizations to develop inclusive policies that enhance the value of difference with the aim of turning it into an advantage and not as a menace to people and the institutions they govern.
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