This book gives a lively development of the mathematics needed to answer the question, “How many times should a deck of cards be shuffled to mix it up?” The shuffles studied are the usual ones that real people use: riffle, overhand, and smooshing cards around on the table. The mathematics ranges from probability (Markov chains) to combinatorics (symmetric function theory) to algebra (Hopf algebras). There are applications to magic tricks and gambling along with a careful comparison of the mathematics to the results of real people shuffling real cards. The book explores links between shuffling and higher mathematics—Lie theory, algebraic topology, the geometry of hyperplane arrangements, stochastic calculus, number theory, and more. It offers a useful springboard for seeing how probability theory is applied and leads to many corners of advanced mathematics. The book can serve as a text for an upper division course in mathematics, statistics, or computer science departments and will be appreciated by graduate students and researchers in mathematics, statistics, and computer science, as well as magicians and people with a strong background in mathematics who are interested in games that use playing cards.
Generating function techniques are used to study the probability that an element of a classical group defined over a finite field is separable, cyclic, semisimple or regular. The limits of these probabilities as the dimension tends to infinity are calculated in all cases, and exponential convergence to the limit is proved. These results complement and extend earlier results of the authors, G. E. Wall, and Guralnick & Lubeck.
Leaving Ireland for the shores of America, a young man loses his parents en route -- one to death, one to insanity -- and falls victim to the sadistic captain of the ship. Luckily, he is befriended by a legendary Scots adventurer, whom he accompanies to the wild American frontier. But along the way, new troubles await. The companions are framed for murder in New Orleans, chased by bounty hunters, and escape with a band of fur trappers to the Rocky Mountains. Only then, in the solitude of the wilderness, does the young traveler discover the purpose in life for which he has been searching.
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