Linguistic Modelling of Scenarios proposes a paradigm change from the 'systemic VIEW' to 'systems SCIENCE', so as to extend the methodology of conventional science of physics into the domains hitherto beyond the reach of this kind of treatment. The book: I. Identifies the problematic issues in current approaches to the 'systemic or structural view' of parts of the world as opposed to the 'quantitative/qualitative views' of conventional science of physics and the arts whereby introducing the 'third culture'. II. Locates the position of the structural view in the context of 'human intellectual endeavour'. III. Discusses the fundamental questions raised by modelling aspects of human behaviour. IV. Introduces the basic ideas and the symbolism of linguistic modelling which are then applied to turning descriptions of scenarios as a story or narrative into reasoning schemes. V. Describes a methodology of 'problem solving' of which design thinking and the operation of purposive systems are seen as essential ingredients. Problem solving is a universal activity of living in particular human beings through innovation, invention and creativity. Lack of this activity leads to death! Problem solving is regarded as pivotal point which may propel the spread of the modified structural view into social, technical, cultural and educational awareness. VI. Shows the location of aspects of conventional science within the scheme of systems science whereby achieving a 'continuity of the scientific endeavour'. VII. Outlines a teaching scheme for 'linguistic modelling'. Janos Korn explains how a view can be converted into a science which can lead to a possibility of 'organised speculation' or simulation of behaviour, exploring the effects of variation of parameters on performance, and the occurrence of outcomes of operations, beneficial or not, of dynamic structures. Static and dynamic structures are expressed in more rigorous and computable terms so that the results of analysis and design of human activity scenarios could be exposed to at least thought experiments. Linguistic Modelling of Scenarios is an informative read for any professionals, teachers and students of engineering, social science, management, business and production.
The book is about an empirical, systems theory of a general, systemic/structural view of parts of the world integrated with creative problem solving procedure with the latter generating a ‘product and systems’ design method. As an alternative to the speculative and fragmented nature of current ‘systems thinking’ and practice, the book proposes three principles of systems: ‘Generality/nested hierarchy, changes of equilibrium states and problem solving/purpose’ together with ‘linguistic modelling’ using processed, natural language or transformation of narratives of scenarios into sequences of logical conditionals, the executor of the principles. Implementation of the creative, innovative, inspirational stage leads to ‘design parameters’ which guide the detailed design of systems and products defined as any entity capable of generating interaction. Uncertainties and mathematical models are introduced at the object/agent level as required. The theory is ‘property driven’ i.e., uses qualitative, quantitative properties including social, emotive and other mental states. Elementary, systemic or structural properties are ‘1 - and 2 – place simple sentences’ which can lead to operational representations when appropriate. Meaning preserving, linguistic transformations convert a narrative or story into such sentences. A user driven approach to the analysis of ‘information’ is introduced. Recent paradigm changes and problematic issues in current ‘systems thinking’ are reviewed. The theory is based on accepted branches of knowledge such as linguistics, network theory, biology, physics, chemistry, social science as needed, it is highly teachable, introduces linguistics in addition to mathematics as a symbolic model and can inspire further research. It introduces four criteria for judging the ‘soundness’ of symbolic models. However, it needs peer review, software development to work out the dynamics of scenarios and further developments for applications to more practical problem situations in organisations, technical and natural circumstances.
Any part of the world can be viewed and modelled in terms of its chosen qualitative and/or quantitative properties, OR its structure. The former approach has been used by nearly the whole of ‘human intellectual endeavor’, i.e conventional science of physics, the arts etc. Development of the latter or the ‘systemic view’ is the subject matter of the current work. The Purpose of Change is Problem Solving suggests that the ‘structural view’ is empirical, pervasive throughout experience and as such results in a single domain as opposed to conventional science which consists of many domains like mechanics, electricity etc. Thus, a unique approach is required which is based on ‘general principles of systems’ translated into operational form by the symbolism of processed natural language called ‘linguistic modelling of scenarios’ which can carry mathematics and uncertainties. To model scenarios with complex structure, a description or story in natural language is expressed in terms of homogenous language of one – and two – place sentences, the ‘elementary constituents’ of which complex structures can be constructed [like a variety of buildings from bricks]. To correspond to the single domain, based on the logic of causation, a single scheme of ‘Management/producers – Product – User/consumer’ is proposed which is immediately applicable to structuring scenarios and guides their detailed linguistic modelling or design. The approach, subject to debate, can have significant impact on society and education, especially that of engineering which lacks a ‘comprehensive theory of structure’ of problematic scenarios.
The aim of this book is to show how to convert the systemic view into systems science by following the method of conventional science so as to model aspects of the immense variety and diversity of objects (natural, technical, living, human and their conceivable combinations) and their activities.
Cell surface membranes have long been characterized as two-dimensional fluids whose mobile components are randomized by diffusion in the plane of the membrane bilayer. Recent research has indicated that cell surface membranes are highly organized and ordered and that important functional units of membranes appear as arrays of interacting molecules rather than as single, freely diffusing molecules. Mobility and Proximity in Biological Membranes provides an overview of the results obtained from biophysical methods for probing the organization of cell surface membranes. These results are presented in the context of detailed treatments of the theory and the technical demands of each of the methods. The book describes a versatile and easily applied mode for investigating molecular proximities in plasma membranes in a flow cytometer. Its analysis of lipid fluidity and viscosity of membranes and the rotational mobility of proteins offers intimate insight into the physical chemistry of biological membranes. The electrophysiology of lymphocytes is presented with focus on its importance in different diseases. New techniques are described, and new data, new possibilities, and future trends are presented by world experts. This book's chapters can serve both as guides to the existing literature and as starting points for new experiments and approaches associated with problems in membrane function.
The aim of this book is to show how to convert the systemic view into systems science by following the method of conventional science so as to model aspects of the immense variety and diversity of objects (natural, technical, living, human and their conceivable combinations) and their activities.
The book is an integrated, unified approach to modelling engineering systems including control system and thermal effects for the computation of thermal transients and will appeal to all readers interested in a novel approach to the fundamentals of engineering systems. The classification of variables into through (force, current…) and across (speed, voltage…) leads to the construction of multidisciplinary networks which act as the unifying agent for modelling engineering systems from mechanical, electrical, fluids and thermodynamics disciplines. Network models admit non-linear functions such as relations involving temperature and entropy flow. A general treatment of energy conversion is given which models dissipation and heat transfer as external to internal and internal to internal energy converter. It then becomes possible to compute the increase of entropy arising from dissipation and temperature transients illustrating the operation of the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The performance of signal converting devices are described. Differential equations of change of state are derived from network models including those of control systems using topology which enable computations of steady state and dynamic conditions of multidisciplinary, engineering systems. Stability of systems is considered followed by the introduction of an aspect of systems design for countering environmental disturbances, for example. The notion of ‘one-dimensional variable’ is introduced leading to ‘field representation’ of engineering systems. A general theory of ‘engineering systems components’ is developed which through simplifications, describes ‘environments’ and ‘amplifiers’. Aspects of ‘analytical mechanics’ of Lagrange are used for the development of differential equations of change of state which describe, for example, the performance of capacitances or inductances in motion.The method presented in the book shows the points at which ‘conventional science’ of physics enters ‘systems science’ i.e. at the stage of network elements. It shows an integrated representation of multidisciplinary control systems and through the notion of ‘network models’ brings these systems closer to the ‘physics of situations’. This and many worked examples facilitate understanding of the subject matter. Teaching of the topics presented in the book was carried out for a number of years and many examination papers and examples are available. The method encourages application of computers for analysis and design.
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