Here is the first comprehensive survey of modern craft in the United States. Makers follows the development of studio craft--objects in fiber, clay, glass, wood, and metal--from its roots in nineteenth-century reform movements to the rich diversity of expression at the end of the twentieth century. More than four hundred illustrations complement this chronological exploration of the American craft tradition. Keeping as their main focus the objects and the makers, Janet Koplos and Bruce Metcalf offer a detailed analysis of seminal works and discussions of education, institutional support, and the philosophical underpinnings of craft. In a vivid and accessible narrative, they highlight the value of physical skill, examine craft as a force for moral reform, and consider the role of craft as an aesthetic alternative. Exploring craft's relationship to fine arts and design, Koplos and Metcalf foster a critical understanding of the field and help explain craft's place in contemporary culture. Makers will be an indispensable volume for craftspeople, curators, collectors, critics, historians, students, and anyone who is interested in American craft.
The hard work of nineteenth-century Irish immigrants in Waterbury helped place the city on the map as the Brass Capital of the World. In the early years of immigration, the Irish still had a hard road before them, filled with prejudice and social exclusion. Irish Catholics would hold Mass in secret, but eventually beautiful churches were built, attracting the most revered clergy in Connecticut. Soon Irish and Irish Americans established themselves as city leaders and professionals in the community. Dr. Charles A. Monagan was a founding member of St. Mary's Hospital, while his son John later became mayor. Some achieved fame through their excellence in sports, such as Roger Connor, whose long-standing record for career home runs was unbeatable until finally broken by the one and only Babe Ruth. Detailed research and oral histories from living descendants bring to light the remarkable Waterbury Irish legacy.
A classic, the baby name countdown (over 120,000 copies sold) is now fully revised and updated for the first time in a decade. Featuring more names than any other guide and based on more than 2.5 million birth records, the book includes brand-new data, a new introduction, a revised section on the most popular baby names of the past year and decade, and updated popularity ratings throughout. Discover at a glance the most popular given names from each decade of the 20th and 21st centuries, meanings and origins of the 3,000 top names, and thousands of rare and exotic monikers. Whether your taste in names is trendy, traditional, or international, The Baby Name Countdown is the ideal resource for every parent searching for the perfect name.
This book provides both a theoretical and practical reference to cognitive neuropsychological approaches to speech and language therapists working with people with aphasia. Having evolved from the activity of a group of clinicians working with people with aphasia, it is a highly practical guide that aims to interpret the theoretical literature as it relates to aphasia and link it directly to available assessment tools and therapy techniques. The opening section of the book provides an overview of the theory underpinning the approach and how it can be applied to the assessment and interpretation of language-processing impairments. The second section offers a working explanation of different components of language processing, outlining the deficits that may arise from impairment to each component. In addition, the clinician is guided to available assessments to test out clinical hypotheses and offered interpretations of performance patterns. The final section provides a comprehensive overview of the therapy literature with systematic summaries of the therapies undertaken and a synthesis of the findings to date. This book has been written by clinicians with hands-on experience. It will be an invaluable resource for clinicians and students of speech and language therapy and related disciplines.
New York Times bestselling author Janet Chapman welcomes you back to Spellbound Falls, where love and magic can conquer anything…usually. After forty years of marriage, Rana Oceanus has done the unthinkable and run away from her mighty, magical husband. Not that she ran very far, having purchased a house in Spellbound Falls right on the shore of the Bottomless Sea, where she intends to prepare for the scariest battle of her life. The only flaw in her plan, however, is that she is still very much in love with Titus… Shocked and deeply shaken that his wife really has left him—though he still can’t fathom why—Titus sets out to win her back. But when grand gestures of his esteem don’t seem to further his cause, he conjures up some of his original courtship magic. But his plan backfires when Titus discovers that dealing with demons is far less threatening than the little secret his very mortal wife has been keeping from him...
Contributions to female economic thought have come from prolific scholars, leading social reformers, economic journalists and government officials along with many other women who contributed only one or two works to the field. It is perhaps for this reason that a comprehensive bibliographic collection has failed to appear, until now. This innovative book brings together the most comprehensive collection to date of references to women’s economic writing from the 1770s to 1940. It includes thousands of contributions from more than 1,700 women from the UK, the US and many other countries. This bibliography is an important reference work for systematic inquiry into questions of gender and the history of economic thought. This volume is a valuable resource and will interest researchers on women's contributions to economic thought, the sociology of economics, and the lives of female social scientists and activist-authors. With a comprehensive editorial introduction, it fills a long-standing gap and will be greeted warmly by scholars of the history of economic thought and those involved in feminist economics.
Integrated Design of Multiscale, Multifunctional Materials and Products is the first of its type to consider not only design of materials, but concurrent design of materials and products. In other words, materials are not just selected on the basis of properties, but the composition and/or microstructure iw designed to satisfy specific ranged sets of performance requirements. This book presents the motivation for pursuing concurrent design of materials and products, thoroughly discussing the details of multiscale modeling and multilevel robust design and provides details of the design methods/strategies along with selected examples of designing material attributes for specified system performance. It is intended as a monograph to serve as a foundational reference for instructors of courses at the senior and introductory graduate level in departments of materials science and engineering, mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering and civil engineering who are interested in next generation systems-based design of materials. - First of its kind to consider not only design of materials, but concurrent design of materials and products - Treatment of uncertainty via robust design of materials - Integrates the "materials by design approach" of Olson/Ques Tek LLC with the "materials selection" approach of Ashby/Granta - Distinquishes the processes of concurrent design of materials and products as an overall systems design problem from the field of multiscale modeling - Systematic mathematical algorithms and methods are introduced for robust design of materials, rather than ad hoc heuristics--it is oriented towards a true systems approach to design of materials and products
In Spellbound Falls, Maine, widow Olivia Baldwin works to get Inglenook camp ready for its new season while trying to deny her attraction to newcomer Maximilian Oceanus--a single father who has some unusual skills.
An inspiring collection of pithy, easy-to-recall one-liners and quotable short passages from historic and contemporary thought leaders throughout the African Diaspora. Famous Black Quotations, first published in 1986, has long been the go-to resource for the eloquent words of Black history makers. In this new, expanded edition, Famous Black Quotations for the Twenty-First Century, editor Janet Cheatham Bell includes the words of people who have come to prominence in recent decades, such as Barack and Michelle Obama, Alicia Garza, John Legend, Colin Kaepernick, Kamala Harris, and Nikole Hannah-Jones. Bestselling author Bell has curated more than five hundred quotes along with dates, sources, and biographical information of the people quoted. This guide to significant events in the experiences of people of African descent can be used to educate and inspire. Much has changed in the past few decades as Black Americans speak out to demand fair treatment and equal opportunity, and Famous Black Quotations for the Twenty-First Century has been updated and repackaged to inspire a new generation.
Clinical Research in Practice: A Guide for the Bedside Scientist is a straightforward guide to reading, evaluating, and using research in these clinical settings. The text helps the bedside scientist take a study from question to design to practice.
Interviewing is one of the most frequently used research tools in the social sciences, yet its importance as a technique is usually underestimated. As Janet Powney and Mike Watts point out, the practical difficulties of interviewing are often understated, and the theoretical assumptions and implications of conducting interviews can prejudice a researcher’s conclusions. Originally published in 1987, this introductory, practical guide widens the debate about interviewing with discussion and advice on interviewing in different kinds of educational inquiry, ranging from large-scale surveys to research carried out in individual schools. The authors give guidelines for preparing, conducting, reporting and analysing interviews, and discuss the practical and theoretical problems arising from each of these aspects. Examples are taken from six case studies contributed by researchers who have conducted interviews for different purposes and in different ways. Interviewing in Educational Research will be valuable to students and researchers in many fields, not only in educational research, but generally in the social sciences, in medical research, economics, business, social planning and administration.
Proteins are made of strings of amino acids that form chains known as peptides. Our bodies need dietary protein to accomplish many basic functions, such as building bones, moving muscles, and repairing tissue. Dietary protein, an essential nutrient, comes from meat, dairy, and certain grains and beans. Proteins differ by the types and order of amino acids they contain. Even though there are only 20 amino acids, they create almost endless variations in chains as long as 500 links. Proteins form inside animals (including humans) and plants through processes that synthesize peptides. For humans, we cannot synthesise certain "essential protein," and so we must ingest them through food. These essential proteins are made of phenylalanine, threonine, methionine, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and valine amino acids. Food from plants, like corn, have incomplete protein, which means they do not contain all the necessary amino acids. Only food from animals, such as cheese and fish, provide complete protein, and don't need to be combined with other protein sources. Examples of complete protein foods are milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, poultry, pork, or any meat. Incomplete proteins include oats, wheat, pasta, lentils, nuts, rice, soy, pears, and seeds. Eating a combination of complementary protein sources, such as grains mixed with legumes, results in a diet of essential protein. This is how vegetarians and vegans maintain health without eating meat or dairy. This book presents the latest research in this dynamic field.
The Core Text Series takes the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing an invaluable and reliable guide for students of law at all levels. Written by leading academics and renowned for their clarity, these concise texts explain the intellectual challenges of each area of the law. The Law of Contract provides students with a clear, straightforward, and comprehensive account of the core principles of contract law to enable a sound understanding of the subject. Written by Janet O'Sullivan, Fellow of Selwyn College, Cambridge, and Jonathan Hilliard, barrister at Wilberforce Chambers, this text covers all the key topics on LLB and GDL courses and introduces students to current debates in the field. The authors break down complex problems into manageable steps and self-test questions are provided at the end of each chapter to help reinforce learning and aid revision. Students can find answer guidance to these questions as well as additional support for their studies, including author videos discussing key cases, additional chapters, updates and web links on the accompanying Online Resource Centre.
This practical guide provides support for mental health practitioners as they develop their approach to clinical supervision, drawing on the authors’ extensive experience of counseling and psychotherapy to bring readers into the "real world" of clinical supervision. Chapters introduce the essential responsibilities and tasks of a clinical supervisor and place emphasis on the development of a Competence-Oriented Model of Clinical Supervision, upon which a philosophical foundation for supervision can be built. Integrating up-to-date research with case vignettes and practical resources, the text discusses philosophies of clinical supervision and explores themes that often define a supervisor’s contextual world, from professional ethics and legal issues to the personal development of both the supervisor and the supervisee. Affirming and encouraging professional development as well as identifying a range of common challenges, Clinical Supervision in the Real World is a key resource for aspiring clinical supervisors looking to build their own philosophy of supervision.
On July 16, 1945, just weeks before the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that brought about the surrender of Japan and the end of World War II, the United States unleashed the world's first atomic bomb at the Trinity testing site located in the remote Tularosa Valley in south-central New Mexico. Immensely more powerful than any weapon the world had seen, the bomb's effects on the surrounding and downwind communities of plants, animals, birds, and humans have lasted decades. In The First Atomic Bomb Janet Farrell Brodie explores the history of the Trinity test and those whose contributions have rarely, if ever, been discussed--the men and women who constructed, served, and witnessed the first test--as well as the downwinders who suffered the consequences of the radiation. Concentrating on these ordinary people, laborers, ranchers, and Indigenous peoples who lived in the region and participated in the testing, Brodie corrects the lack of coverage in existing scholarship on the essential details and everyday experiences of this globally significant event. The First Atomic Bomb also covers the environmental preservation of the Trinity test site and compares it with the wide range of atomic sites now preserved independently or as part of the new Manhattan Project National Historical Park. Although the Trinity site became a significant node for testing the new weapons of the postwar United States, it is known today as an officially designated National Historic Landmark. Brodie presents a timely, important, and innovative study of an explosion that carries special historical weight in American memory.
This Second Edition is an essential resource for librarians, scholars, and students. This succinct handbook includes more than 1,000 entries covering the persons, organizations, campaigns and court cases, goals and achievements, and current and future directions of the feminist movement, 75 percent of which are new and revised from the first edition. This second edition also features a more internationally focused introduction that provides an overview of the history and development of feminism as a movement and as a philosophy. Rounding out this new edition are an expanded chronology, and an updated bibliography that brings attention to many feminist online resources and periodicals, and emphasizes global and third-wave feminism, both new developments in the field since the publication of the first edition. Paying tribute to the struggles of the women, and men, who have worked to change and to improve the living conditions for women in the world, this book promises a comprehensive historical overview for readers of all interest levels.
It's called consciousness-raising (CR). Asking questions about our experiences and sharing insights and analyses with others can be the basis for informed activism for positive social change. CR provided the entry point for feminists who shaped the women's liberation movement in the late 1960s and 1970s, and is now being revitalized across class, race and geography in face-to-face groups and on the internet. Reclaiming the Feminist Vision traces the origins, principles and impact of consciousness-raising; reveals how the process migrated to other settings, sometimes maintaining the original political intent and sometimes diluting it. The book calls for the renewal of the practice to help feminists regain their voices and their power in shaping social movement history.
Change partners! May has come to dance; her boyfriend is away and she needs the company. Joe's been doing this a while; recently divorced, he's taking May through the steps. As they swing around the dancefloor they meet a plethora of characters including their passive aggressive dance instructors, the older man, George, and Sally whom he has the eye for, Imelda who's only recently moved to the city, Justin the flamboyant young gay guy who's full of energy and rhythm, Noelia from Spain, Regina from Northern Ireland, and Seán from the country who counts on counting the steps. An international hit from New York, Paris and Edinburgh, Swing is a comedy about dancing and music and love and not settling and feeling like an eejit and being brave and having doubts and trying your best and trying new things and thinking outside the box and seeing things clearly and living as well as you can and giving it a lash. With rock and roll music. It'll make you want to dance. Swing was first produced by Fishamble in 2013; the production won the Bewley's Little Gem Award at the Dublin Fringe Festival, 2013. This programme text edition was published to coincide with the revival and international tour by Fishamble in spring, 2016.
This book follows the shared journey of five classroom teachers and a university professor as they together examine the possibilities and dilemmas of collaborative inquiry and teacher empowerment. Teachers voices, in spite of their similarities and differences, still are not heard in the clamor for educational reform, nor are they recognized on the national agendas for research on teacher education. Miller and her colleagues articulate and question the contexts and assumptions that influence and frame teaching practice as they explore the contraints and the possibilities of defining and thus empowering teachers as teacher-researchers. Here the multiple and changing voices of teachers are clearly heard, and Miller shares their experiences, their frustrations, their hopes, and their issues. By grounding these concerns within the particularities of their teaching, Miller and her colleagues explore concrete situations in which they challenge and support one another. Through these stories of collaborative efforts, others are invited to join together in the continuous process of creating those spaces in which all teachers voices may be acknowledged and valued.
A completely revised and updated edition of the leading mammalogy textbook, featuring color photographs throughout and a new streamlined structure for enhanced use in courses. There are more than 6,400 species in the class Mammalia, including the blue whale—the largest animal that has ever lived—and the pygmy shrew, which weighs little more than a dime. Such diversity among mammals has allowed them to play critical roles in every ecosystem, whether marine, freshwater, alpine, tundra, forest, or desert. Reflecting the expertise and perspective of five leading mammalogists, the fifth edition of Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology significantly updates taxonomy, adds a new introductory chapter on the science of mammalogy, and highlights several recently described species. To enhance its appeal to students, textual material has been reduced, consolidated, and streamlined without sacrificing breadth or depth of coverage. The fifth edition includes • for the first time, stunning color photographs throughout • chapters rearranged and grouped to best reflect phylogenetic relationships, with updated numbers of genera and species for each family • updated mammalian structural and functional adaptations, as well as ordinal fossil histories • recent advances in mammalian phylogeny, biogeography, social behavior, and ecology, with 12 new or revised cladograms reflecting current research findings • new breakout boxes on novel or unique aspects of mammals • new work on female post-copulatory mate choice, cooperative behaviors, group defense, and the role of the vomeronasal system • discussions of the current implications of climate change and other anthropogenic factors for mammals Maintaining the accessible, readable style for which Feldhamer and his coauthors are well known, this new edition of Mammalogy is the authoritative textbook on this amazingly diverse class of vertebrates.
Case-based reasoning is one of the fastest growing areas in the field of knowledge-based systems and this book, authored by a leader in the field, is the first comprehensive text on the subject. Case-based reasoning systems are systems that store information about situations in their memory. As new problems arise, similar situations are searched out to help solve these problems. Problems are understood and inferences are made by finding the closest cases in memory, comparing and contrasting the problem with those cases, making inferences based on those comparisons, and asking questions when inferences can't be made. This book presents the state of the art in case-based reasoning. The author synthesizes and analyzes a broad range of approaches, with special emphasis on applying case-based reasoning to complex real-world problem-solving tasks such as medical diagnosis, design, conflict resolution, and planning. The author's approach combines cognitive science and engineering, and is based on analysis of both expert and common-sense tasks. Guidelines for building case-based expert systems are provided, such as how to represent knowledge in cases, how to index cases for accessibility, how to implement retrieval processes for efficiency, and how to adapt old solutions to fit new situations. This book is an excellent text for courses and tutorials on case-based reasoning. It is also a useful resource for computer professionals and cognitive scientists interested in learning more about this fast-growing field.
Examines the food assistance efforts during the Great Depression, discussing how they were connected to attempts to end the agricultural depression and how the programs continue to survive despite attacks on government entitlement programs.
“A fascinating inside look at NASA missions” that provides important insight on the organizational aspects of scientific collaboration (American Journal of Sociology). In Shaping Science, Janet Vertesi draws on a decade of immersive ethnography with NASA’s robotic spacecraft teams to create a comparative account of two great space missions of the early 2000s. Although these missions featured robotic explorers on the frontiers of the solar system bravely investigating new worlds, their commands were issued from millions of miles away by a very human team. By examining the two teams’ formal structures, decision-making techniques, and informal work practices in the day-to-day process of mission planning, Vertesi shows just how deeply entangled a team’s local organizational context is with the knowledge they produce about other worlds. Using extensive, embedded experiences on two NASA spacecraft teams, this is the first book to apply organizational studies of work to the laboratory environment in order to analyze the production of scientific knowledge itself. Engaging and deeply researched, Shaping Science demonstrates the significant influence that the social organization of a scientific team can have on the practices of that team and the results they yield. “No matter how the lakes on Titan shimmer, or what the mineralogy of a particular Martian rock turns out to be, it was the people behind the spacecraft, keyboards and endless tele-conferences that drove what these interplanetary robots discovered. I’m glad to have come to know them even better through this book.” —Nature “A fun, illuminating read . . . scholars of science, technology, work, and organizations will find much to appreciate.” —American Journal of Sociology “Will be of great interest to all historians of science.” —Technology and Culture
The Core Text Series takes the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused and reliable guide for students of law at all levels. Written with authority by leading academics and renowned for their clarity, these invaluable texts provide a straightforward analysis of the subject and its challenges. O'Sullivan & Hilliard's The Law of Contract provides a clear account of the fundamentals of contract law, its contextual application, and contemporary scholarly debates. This companion to your studies allows you to consolidate and stretch your learning with a range of features including chapter summaries, self-test questions, and further reading recommendations. Book jacket.
Spiritual adventurers are burning for truth, hungry for ways to affect and improve their destiny. Tarot can deliver, but most books offer impractical, confusing, irrelevant and regurgitated card interpretations, causing seekers to throw up their hands to say “I just don’t get it!” The good news? No Golden Dawn snooze-fest or Crowley catatonia in the book you’re holding. With raw simplicity and outrageous honesty, author Janet Boyer presents helpful, hilarious and relevant advice that will forever change how you see the cards, and finally equip you to understand, and read, the Tarot. No punches pulled. No sugarcoating. It’s time to be forearmed, forewarned and foresighted. It’s time to get...naked. '...a hard hitting, belly-laugh inducing, no nonsense guide to Tarot.'Jenne Perlstein
Aphasia Rehabilitation: Challenging Clinical Issues focuses on specific aphasia symptoms and clinical issues that present challenges for rehabilitation professionals. These topics are typically not addressed as separate topics, even in clinical texts. This heavily clinical text will also include thorough discussions of theoretical underpinnings. For chapters that focus on specific clinical challenges, practical suggestions to facilitate clinical application and maximize clinical usefulness. This resource integrates theoretical and practical information to aid a clinician in planning treatment for individuals with aphasia.
This book contains a broad range of Millers writings and intertwines interpretations of educational theories, events and practices throughout private and public dimensions of Miller's life.
This fully illustrated atlas and well-referenced text provides a comprehensive guide to brain imaging in newborn babies using ultrasound. The volume is unique because it includes examples of normal and abnormal appearances, illustrated from pathological specimens and diagrams of standard views, accompanied by full discussion and advice on prognosis. It also provides an introduction to the physics of ultrasound imaging and Doppler, advice on choosing equipment, guidance on ultrasound safe practice and the care of ill babies during scan examination. Advice on the value of Doppler examination of blood flow in the arteries is included, along with a guide to the prognosis of intracranial injury. The volume will be an essential source of reference and guidance for all who work in neonatal intensive care and for radiologists and radiographers.
New York Times bestselling author Janet Chapman takes you back to the magical town of Spellbound Falls, where Duncan MacKeage is about to uncover great love with hidden dangers… All Duncan MacKeage wants is to keep his crew building roads and bridges up the mountain to the fancy resort overlooking Spellbound Falls’ new inland sea. He doesn’t want anything to do with his own family magic or with the beautiful widow, Peg Thompson, and her tribe of little heathens. But when Duncan is tasked with keeping an eye on the widow Thompson, trouble starts. Because of a family curse, Peg fears that giving in to her desires will mean killing off another lover. But Duncan—the strong, handsome man buying her gravel—is unbelievably tempting and determined to take care of her. Torn between her head and her heart, will Peg find the strength to break free of her black-widow curse? Or will pursuing their attraction put these lovers in harm’s way?
In the current healthcare climate, it is more important than ever to be able to select and find the right evidence for your practice to ensure patients receive safe, high quality care. The fully updated new edition of this comprehensive book helps nurses and healthcare professionals understand how to use evidence in all aspects of care, with plenty of examples and activities to help relate concepts to practice. The new edition features: * Explanation of what values-based practice means and how it fits alongside evidence-based practice * A new chapter on innovation and improvement to help you make a difference in your practice * Even more examples from a range of professions to understand how different professions work together * Learning features to make it easier to learn, including word puzzles, chapter summaries and a glossary It is essential reading for all pre-qualifying and qualified nursing and allied health students who are exploring evidence-based practice for the first time. Janet Barker was formerly Associate Professor of Nursing at the University of Nottingham. Paul Linsley and Ros Kane are both Principal Lecturers at the University of Lincoln.
Camp X-Ray in the U.S. military base in Guantanamo, Cuba, opened in January, 2002 in the wake of the 9-11 attacks to house alleged terrorists ― off the American mainland, unaccountable to the U.S. judiciary ― in “indefinite detention.” Newer and more permanent prisons were later built miles away, and continue to house terrorist suspects today. The United States government does not allow photographs of the military trials at Guantanamo, but beginning in 2006, Janet Hamlin went to Guantanamo as a courtroom sketch artist to serve as a visual witness to the courtroom prceedings and provide worldwide media with artwork drawn during them. She has been the only sketch artist covering these trials from 2006 to the present time. Sketching Guantanamo is both a collection of her most potent and revealing sketches drawn during this period, as well a chronicle of her experience at Guantanamo. Before entering the viewing booth behind multi-paneled soundproof glass in the back of the court, Hamlin is daily subjected to thorough searches, wanding, and metal detecting in three separate checkpoints. The U.S. government and even detainees can demand that certain details be ”smudged” or even changed. When one detainee who had just pled guilty demanded that sketches of him not be released, Hamlin staged a four-hour sit-in until the authorities relented. Hamlin’s drawings and her accompanying text provide rare insight into the military courts of Guantanamo. The trials are considered notorious and historic, among the most carefully censored trials in recent U.S. history, and sketches are the only visuals the world is allowed to see. Sketching Guantanamo features nearly 150 drawings, as well as photographs of the surrounding facilities that enhance the artist’s illustrations and her running commentary.
What is evidence-based practice and why do we need it? How do I critique evidence? How do I use evidence to drive practice? If you are looking for jargon-free answers to these questions and much more, this is the book for you. In Evidence-based Practice for Nurses and Healthcare, the authors use case studies, examples, and theoretical overviews to guide you through the concept of evidence-based practice and provide practical guidance on its utilisation in clinical practice. The new 4th edition has been fully updated to reflect contemporary practice and includes a new chapter on the ‘History and Development of Clinical Academics,’ which looks at clinical academic careers and the impact and benefits this has for nurses and healthcare professionals on their clinical practice. Written to support nurses at pre and post-registration, the book includes an interdisciplinary focus covering health and social care curricula.
Many societies assign sharply distinguished roles to men and women. Personality differences, as well as physical differences, between men and women are used to justify these different sex roles, and women are seen as more emotionally and interpersonally sensitive than men, while men are said to be more competent, achievement oriented, and assertive than women. A widely held view is that not only do men and women differ but that possession of "masculine" characteristics precludes possession of "feminine" characteristics. This bipolar conception has led to the definition of masculinity and femininity as opposites. Acceptance of this idea has caused social scientists and laypersons to consider men and women who possess cross-sex personality characteristics as less emotionally healthy and socially adjusted than those with sex-appropriate traits. Previous research by the authors and others, done almost exclusively with college students, has shown, however, that masculinity and femininity do not relate negatively to each other, thus supporting a dualistic rather than a bipolar conception of these two psychological dimensions. Spence and Helmreich present data showing that the dualistic conception holds for a large number of groups, varying widely in age, geographical location, socioeconomic status, and patterns of interest, whose psychological masculinity and femininity were measured with an objective instrument, the Personality Attributes Questionnaire, devised by the authors. Many individuals are shown to be appropriately sex-typed; that is, men tend to be high in masculinity and low in femininity and women the reverse. However, a substantial number of men and women are androgynous—high in both masculine and feminine characteristics—while some are not high in either. Importantly, the authors find that androgynous individuals display more self-esteem, social competence, and achievement orientation than individuals who are strong in either masculinity or femininity or are not strong in either. One of the major contributions of the work is the development of a new, multifaceted measure of achievement motivation (the Work and Family Orientation Questionnaire), which can be used successfully to predict behavior in both males and females and is related to masculinity and femininity in both sexes. In addition to investigating the correlates of masculinity and femininity, the authors attempt to isolate parental factors that contribute to the development of these characteristics and achievement motivation. The book includes analyses of data from students on their perception of their parents, which enable the authors to examine the influence of parental masculinity and femininity and parental behaviors and child-rearing attitudes on the development of masculinity and femininity and achievement motivation characteristics in their children. The important implications of these findings for theories of sex roles, personality development, and achievement motivation are examined.
By tracing the shadow of the epidemic over the last 30 years in Uganda and more broadly in the region, HIV and East Africa investigates the impact of the epidemic on people’s lives and livelihoods, placing the epidemic within the context of the social, political and economic changes that have occurred over the last three decades. Whilst it inevitably touches on loss and suffering, the message is also about managing the impact of an epidemic which has had a profound impact on many lives. When one looks for traces in southern Uganda, once thought to be the epicentre of the epidemic, it is hard to see any lasting impact at a community wide level. Delve deeper and there are scars to be found among families and patterns of change which are a direct result of the epidemic The book goes on to explore the effect of improved treatment and care on perceptions of the epidemic and concludes by putting HIV into the context of other disease outbreaks, reflecting on what we can learn from the history of other epidemics as well as the last 30 years of the HIV epidemic.
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