The express purpose of these lecture notes is to go through some aspects of the simplicial quantum gravity model known as the dynamical triangula tions approach. Emphasis has been on laying the foundations of the theory and on illustrating its subtle and often unexplored connections with many distinct mathematical fields ranging from global Riemannian geometry, to moduli theory, number theory, and topology. Our exposition will concentrate on these points so that graduate students may find in these notes a useful exposition of some of the rigorous results one can -establish in this field and hopefully a source of inspiration for new exciting problems. We try as far as currently possible to expose the interplay between the analytical aspects of dynamical triangulations and the results of Monte Carlo simulations. The techniques described here are rather novel and allow us to address points of current interest in the subject of simplicial quantum gravity while requiring very little in the way of fancy field-theoretical arguments. As a consequence, these notes contain mostly original and until now unpublished material, which will hopefully be of interest both to the expert practitioner and to graduate students entering the field. Among the topics addressed here in considerable detail are the following. (i) An analytical discussion of the geometry of dynamical triangulations in dimensions n == 3 and n == 4.
This book establishes and applies a linguistic framework for the synchronic and diachronic analysis of multi-word discourse markers (MWDMs). The aim of this study is to examine in detail how MWDMs have developed out of their polysemous lexical counterparts. First, this study critically evaluates existing Grammaticalization and Pragmaticalization theories addressing both their strengths and drawbacks. In the following, a revised Pragmaticalization approach is developed. Considering three linguistic dimensions, this approach consists of six mechanisms: Discursivization & Scope Extension (semantic dimension), Syntactic Isolation & Acategorialization (syntactic dimension) and Consistency & Prosodic Accentuation (phonological dimension). Using data from the Oxford Etymological Dictionary and the TV Corpus, the study then applies these mechanisms to the MWDMs by the way, all the same and what is more. Providing a detailed corpus-informed analysis of these units, this book demonstrates the advantages of the suggested framework and consequently offers an innovative contribution to the field of linguistics.
Completely updated edition, written by a close-knit author team Presents a unique approach to stroke - integrated clinical management that weaves together causation, presentation, diagnosis, management and rehabilitation Includes increased coverage of the statins due to clearer evidence of their effectiveness in preventing stroke Features important new evidence on the preventive effect of lowering blood pressure Contains a completely revised section on imaging Covers new advances in interventional radiology
New trends in free boundary problems and new mathematical tools together with broadening areas of applications have led to attempts at presenting the state of art of the field in a unified way. In this monograph we focus on formal models representing contact problems for elastic and elastoplastic plates and shells. New approaches open up new fields for research. For example, in crack theory a systematic treatment of mathematical modelling and optimization of problems with cracks is required. Similarly, sensitivity analysis of solutions to problems subjected to perturbations, which forms an important part of the problem solving process, is the source of many open questions. Two aspects of sensitivity analysis, namely the behaviour of solutions under deformations of the domain of integration and perturbations of surfaces seem to be particularly demanding in this context. On writing this book we aimed at providing the reader with a self-contained study of the mathematical modelling in mechanics. Much attention is given to modelling of typical constructions applied in many different areas. Plates and shallow shells which are widely used in the aerospace industry provide good exam ples. Allied optimization problems consist in finding the constructions which are of maximal strength (endurance) and satisfy some other requirements, ego weight limitations. Mathematical modelling of plates and shells always requires a reasonable compromise between two principal needs. One of them is the accuracy of the de scription of a physical phenomenon (as required by the principles of mechanics).
Shortlisted for the North American Society for Sports History 2020 Monograph Prize It’s hard to imagine, but as late as the 1950s, athletes could get kicked off a team if they were caught lifting weights. Coaches had long believed that strength training would slow down a player. Muscle was perceived as a bulky burden; training emphasized speed and strategy, not “brute” strength. Fast forward to today: the highest-paid strength and conditioning coaches can now earn $700,000 a year. Strength Coaching in America delivers the fascinating history behind this revolutionary shift. College football represents a key turning point in this story, and the authors provide vivid details of strength training’s impact on the gridiron, most significantly when University of Nebraska football coach Bob Devaney hired Boyd Epley as a strength coach in 1969. National championships for the Huskers soon followed, leading Epley to launch the game-changing National Strength Coaches Association. Dozens of other influences are explored with equal verve, from the iconic Milo Barbell Company to the wildly popular fitness magazines that challenged physicians’ warnings against strenuous exercise. Charting the rise of a new athletic profession, Strength Coaching in America captures an important transformation in the culture of American sport.
In this monograph, the authors develop a comprehensive approach for the mathematical analysis of a wide array of problems involving moving interfaces. It includes an in-depth study of abstract quasilinear parabolic evolution equations, elliptic and parabolic boundary value problems, transmission problems, one- and two-phase Stokes problems, and the equations of incompressible viscous one- and two-phase fluid flows. The theory of maximal regularity, an essential element, is also fully developed. The authors present a modern approach based on powerful tools in classical analysis, functional analysis, and vector-valued harmonic analysis. The theory is applied to problems in two-phase fluid dynamics and phase transitions, one-phase generalized Newtonian fluids, nematic liquid crystal flows, Maxwell-Stefan diffusion, and a variety of geometric evolution equations. The book also includes a discussion of the underlying physical and thermodynamic principles governing the equations of fluid flows and phase transitions, and an exposition of the geometry of moving hypersurfaces.
Elementary, yet authoritative and scholarly, this book offers an excellent brief introduction to the classical theory of differential geometry. It is aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students who will find it not only highly readable but replete with illustrations carefully selected to help stimulate the student's visual understanding of geometry. The text features an abundance of problems, most of which are simple enough for class use, and often convey an interesting geometrical fact. A selection of more difficult problems has been included to challenge the ambitious student. Written by a noted mathematician and historian of mathematics, this volume presents the fundamental conceptions of the theory of curves and surfaces and applies them to a number of examples. Dr. Struik has enhanced the treatment with copious historical, biographical, and bibliographical references that place the theory in context and encourage the student to consult original sources and discover additional important ideas there. For this second edition, Professor Struik made some corrections and added an appendix with a sketch of the application of Cartan's method of Pfaffians to curve and surface theory. The result was to further increase the merit of this stimulating, thought-provoking text — ideal for classroom use, but also perfectly suited for self-study. In this attractive, inexpensive paperback edition, it belongs in the library of any mathematician or student of mathematics interested in differential geometry.
This book investigates the tensions between EU law and international commercial arbitration, i.e. tensions between two phenomena at opposite ends of the public to private ordering continuum. It focuses on the Commercial Agents Directive’s regime for indemnity and compensation as one of the most frequent source of these tensions. To mitigate the consequential problems, the book proposes and describes a comprehensive framework for a preferable system of reviewing arbitration agreements and arbitral awards. To this end, it explores the prerequisites of this system through comparative legal analysis of the German, Belgian, French and English systems of review, an assessment of the observable aspects of arbitral practice, game theoretical analysis of the arbitral process, and microeconomic analysis of the cross-border market for commercial agency.
In 2015, Germany agreed to accept a million Syrian refugees. The country had become an epicenter of global migration and one of Europe's most diverse countries. But was this influx of migration new to Germany? In this highly readable volume, Jan Plamper charts the groups and waves of post-1945 mobility to Germany. We Are All Migrants is the first narrative history of multicultural Germany told through life-stories. It explores the experiences of the 12.5 million German expellees from Eastern Europe who arrived at the end of the Second World War; the 14 million 'guest workers' from Italy and Turkey who turned West Germany into an economic powerhouse; the GDR's Vietnamese labor migrants; and the 2.3 million Germans and 230,000 Jews who came from the Soviet Union after 1987. Without minimizing racism, We Are All Migrants shows that immigration is a success story – and that Germany has been, and is, one of the most fascinating laboratories on our planet in which multiple ways of belonging, and ethnic, national, and supranational identities, are hotly debated and messily lived.
Experimental advances in helium atom scattering spectroscopy over the last forty years have allowed the measurement of surface phonon dispersion curves of more than 200 different crystal surfaces and overlayers of insulators, semiconductors and metals. The first part of the book presents, at a tutorial level, the fundamental concepts and methods in surface lattice dynamics, and the theory of atom-surface interaction and inelastic scattering in their various approximations, up to the recent electron-phonon theory of helium atom scattering from conducting surfaces. The second part of the book, after introducing the experimentalist to He-atom spectrometers and the rich phenomenology of helium atom scattering from corrugated surfaces, illustrates the most significant experimental results on the surface phonon dispersion curves of various classes of insulators, semiconductors, metals, layered crystals, topological insulators, complex surfaces, adsorbates, ultra-thin films and clusters. The great potential of helium atom scattering for the study of atomic scale diffusion, THz surface collective excitations, including acoustic surface plasmons, and the future prospects of helium atom scattering are presented in the concluding chapters. The book will be valuable reading for all researchers and graduate students interested in dynamical processes at surfaces.
The last three decades have witnessed a dramatic acceleration in the use, demand, and need for telecommunications, data communication, and mass communication transmitted and integrated into networks. Through a synthesis of contemporary theories about modernization, this book offers a broad-ranging introduction to the 'network' society in all its aspects.
This book presents tensors and differential geometry in a comprehensive and approachable manner, providing a bridge from the place where physics and engineering mathematics end, and the place where tensor analysis begins. Among the topics examined are tensor analysis, elementary differential geometry of moving surfaces, and k-differential forms. The book includes numerous examples with solutions and concrete calculations, which guide readers through these complex topics step by step. Mindful of the practical needs of engineers and physicists, book favors simplicity over a more rigorous, formal approach. The book shows readers how to work with tensors and differential geometry and how to apply them to modeling the physical and engineering world. The authors provide chapter-length treatment of topics at the intersection of advanced mathematics, and physics and engineering: • General Basis and Bra-Ket Notation • Tensor Analysis • Elementary Differential Geometry • Differential Forms • Applications of Tensors and Differential Geometry • Tensors and Bra-Ket Notation in Quantum Mechanics The text reviews methods and applications in computational fluid dynamics; continuum mechanics; electrodynamics in special relativity; cosmology in the Minkowski four-dimensional space time; and relativistic and non-relativistic quantum mechanics. Tensor Analysis and Elementary Differential Geometry for Physicists and Engineers benefits research scientists and practicing engineers in a variety of fields, who use tensor analysis and differential geometry in the context of applied physics, and electrical and mechanical engineering. It will also interest graduate students in applied physics and engineering.
Filtering is the science of nding the law of a process given a partial observation of it. The main objects we study here are di usion processes. These are naturally associated with second-order linear di erential operators which are semi-elliptic and so introduce a possibly degenerate Riemannian structure on the state space. In fact, much of what we discuss is simply about two such operators intertwined by a smooth map, the \projection from the state space to the observations space", and does not involve any stochastic analysis. From the point of view of stochastic processes, our purpose is to present and to study the underlying geometric structure which allows us to perform the ltering in a Markovian framework with the resulting conditional law being that of a Markov process which is time inhomogeneous in general. This geometry is determined by the symbol of the operator on the state space which projects to a symbol on the observation space. The projectible symbol induces a (possibly non-linear and partially de ned) connection which lifts the observation process to the state space and gives a decomposition of the operator on the state space and of the noise. As is standard we can recover the classical ltering theory in which the observations are not usually Markovian by application of the Girsanov- Maruyama-Cameron-Martin Theorem. This structure we have is examined in relation to a number of geometrical topics.
This book introduces the techniques of Instrumental Analysis with respect to fundamental basics, technical realization, key applications, major strengths and limitations. The approach used is to highlight differences and consolidate similarities of the techniques, focusing especially on the viewpoint of the laboratory rather than on the scientific ideal or the limits of what is possible.
The Management of Breastfeeding covers the developmental stages of infancy, including sensory capabilities and reflexes, nutritional needs of the mother-infant dyad, And The assessment and management of infant and mother health issues related to breastfeeding. The exams at the end of Modules 1, 2, 3, and 4, while still useful in preparing For The IBCLC exam, are not eligible for CERPS or Continuing Education credits for registered dietitians or nurses. The Lactation Specialist Self Study Series is comprised of four modules: Module 1: The Support of Breastfeeding (0-7637-0208-0) Module 2: The Process of Breastfeeding (0-7637-0195-5) Module 3: The Science of Breastfeeding (0-7637-0194-7) Module 4: The Management of Breastfeeding (0-7637-0193-9) the modules may be purchased separately, or as a complete set (0-7637-1974-9).
This book breaks open the 'black box' of the workplace, where successful immigrants work together with their Dutch colleagues. In their intercultural team meetings the work itself consists of communication and the question is how that work is done. The teams consist of Dutch, Turkish, Moroccan, and Surinamese educational experts whose job it is to advise schools and teachers on the form and content of language teaching. Their meetings are structured according to institutional patterns, such as 'interactive planning' and 'reporting', and according to intercultural discourse structures. For instance, Dutch team members identify their immigrant colleagues as 'immigrant specialists' and are themselves identified as 'institutional specialists'. Further, the intercultural pattern 'thematizing and unthematizing racism' provides the team members with communicative methods to deal with the societal contradictions that exist between different cultural groups, in the Netherlands as well as elsewhere. These intercultural discourse structures concur with the institutional patterns so that, for instance, they affect the outcomes of planning discussions. Most studies on intercultural communication focus on misunderstandings and miscommunications. This book demonstrates that also communication without miscommunication can be shown to be intercultural.
The book describes how curvature measures can be introduced for certain classes of sets with singularities in Euclidean spaces. Its focus lies on sets with positive reach and some extensions, which include the classical polyconvex sets and piecewise smooth submanifolds as special cases. The measures under consideration form a complete system of certain Euclidean invariants. Techniques of geometric measure theory, in particular, rectifiable currents are applied, and some important integral-geometric formulas are derived. Moreover, an approach to curvatures for a class of fractals is presented, which uses approximation by the rescaled curvature measures of small neighborhoods. The book collects results published during the last few decades in a nearly comprehensive way.
The Network Society is now more than ever the essential guide to the past, consequences and future of digital communication. Fully revised, this Third Edition covers crucial new issues and updates. This book remains an accessible, comprehensive, must-read introduction to how new media function in contemporary society.
This book covers the boundary value problems for a wide range of mathematical models of the mechanics of deformable bodies, in particular, the boundary value problems concerning plates and shells, crack theory, and elastoplastic bodies. An essential feature of the discussed boundary value problems is the availability of the inequality type constraints imposed on solutions such as the impenetration condition for contact problems, the yield plasticity condition, etc. As a consequence, the presence of free boundaries is typical of the boundary value problems concerned. The objective of the book is to display some new methods of analyzing such problems, as well as to perform research on new models evolved from engineering practice. Readers will find a variety of new mathematical models describing some contact problems for plates and shells, an equilibrium of plates involving cracks, etc. Furthermore, some new mathematical methods are presented which were specially developed by the authors to study the problems concerned. These help to convey a comprehensive picture of the present state of mathematical problems on the free-boundary elasticity and plasticity theory. The book is intended for postgraduates, scientists and engineers.and for Students interested in problems of modelling and optimal control in the mechanics of deformable bodies.
This book contains all oral presentations, posters, and workshop transactions of the 28th Meeting of the European Strabismological Association that took place in Bergen, Norway. The highlight of the meeting is the ESA-lecture what can eye muscle studies tell us about strabismus by Prof. Gunnar Lennerstrand from Stockholm. All 60 oral presentations of the following sessions are described: screening, amblyopia, eye movements, vision, refraction, nystagmus, stereopsis, exotropia, vergence problems, refractive surgery, cataract and strabismus, strabismus surgery, botulinum toxin, EMG, oblique muscles, paralytic strabismus, thyroid, duane syndrome and varia.
This book offers a comparative study of the civilisations of the Late Preclassic lowland Maya and Mycenaean Greece. The approach used here seeks to combine traditional iconographic approaches with more recent models on metaphor and the social agency of things.
This book tells the story of a family-run company that can be regarded as a classic example of a medium-sized "hidden champion". The use of Mahr calipers in workshops and factories had already begun as early as 150 years ago during Germany's industrial expansion. Göttingen's Mahr corporate group - with locations on several continents - had long been exporting high-precision measuring devices all over the world. The company's products themselves are less conspicuous, yet, thanks to their excellent performance, impact the industry's optimization processes and thus the everyday life of the people. As a stellar example, Mahr stands for precise measurement in the millimeter to nanometer range, from the workbench to the clean room, from the courageous founder to the innovative high-tech enterprise.It all began with Carl Mahr's business that first came onto the scene in 1861. He supplied precision mechanics, forestry offices, factories and railway companies with measuring devices. His son, Oscar Mahr, then opened the door to interchangeable production with the aid of go/no go gauges that enabled mass production as we know it today - also advanced by the armaments industry, as is carefully traced in this book. Members of the Mahr family led the company through the post-war period and economic miracles, through busts and booms, into the present, making up what is now the fifth generation. This portrayal, rich in illustrations, is based on extensive and sound research. Here, 150 years of engineering and economic history are interwoven with a profound and exciting portrait of entrepreneurial and inventive spirit.
Covering Lotus 1-2-3, Word Pro, Approach, Freelance Graphics, and Organizer scheduler for Windows 95, this book includes a great overview of each application, giving users the basics in easy-to-understand language. It introduces users to common interface of applications including Smartlcons and Status Bars.
Everything you could possibly ever need -- from word processing and spreadsheet software to database and graphics applications, Web publishing tools, and even a personal organizer -- is packed into this top-notch, integrated suite of computer programs. With the powerful array of Lotus programs at your fingertips, you won't be lacking anything else to turn your computer into a full-service system...except, of course, a copy of Lotus SmartSuite Millennium Edition For Dummies, your all-in-one guide to just about any Lotus computing task you can imagine. Lotus SmartSuite Millennium Edition For Dummies helps you manage your day-to-day workload at home or at the office with step-by-step coaching, clear and concise explanations, and fast and friendly tips and techniques for making the power of Lotus SmartSuite work for you. Create professional-looking letters, memos, and reports; crunch numbers to your heart's content; manage and massage huge chunks of data; create high-quality graphics; organize your personal and professional life; and publish it all on the World Wide Web with the wide range of programs that make Lotus SmartSuite a must-have for all your computing needs.
A uniquely pictorial approach to Paradox. Hundreds of examples and illustrations show how to achieve complex database development with simple drag-and-drop. Users learn how to access and modify database files, use Form and Report Designers and Experts, program with ObjectPal, and more. Disk contains sample macros, forms, reports, tables, queries, and ready-to-use database.
The on-going battle between government's desire to regulate private property use and property owners' equally powerful desire to avoid economically damaging or unreasonable limitations on their property is one of the most emotionally charged and fiercely contested issues in contemporary law. An enormous amount of litigation at every level of government has stemmed from questions surrounding the timing and amount of government compensation to an owner of regulated property. The relevant law has undergone a complete transformation over the past decade, so count on the Law of Property Rights Protection to bring you completely up to date. Organized according to the major elements of a property rights case, the book: Analyzes the case law and identifies which challenges were successful, what fact patterns proved compelling, and what tactics have failed. Offers advice on how best to handle common situations Covers the full range of property, drawing on recent cases involving contract rights, lease hold rights, an unpatented mining claim, the possibility of reverter, the right of entry, the use of water power, and the right to exclude members of the public from a shopping center. Using Laitos' strategic approach will help you formulate your own arguments and handle taking cases with confidence.
The monograph Prosodic Phrase in Spoken Czech provides a missing source of information on a crucial element in the sound structure of the Czech language: the prosodic phrase. The introductory chapters offer a concise lead-in even to non-specialists: they explain the nature and typical approaches to speech prosody and offer an overview of the commonly used hierarchy of prosodic units. The core of the study is based on speech material that was produced with legitimate communicative intents: storytelling, newsreading and poetry reciting. Prosodic phrases in the given material are described in terms of their phonetic structure, acoustic properties, and a specific syntactic issue. Moreover, the perceptual importance of prosodic phrasing is discussed together with a presentation of original perception experiments. A short chapter is dedicated to automatic detection of prosodic breaks by artificial neural networks. Apart from interesting facts about a core unit of prosodic structure, the prosodic phrase, the book can serve as a source of data in designing further experiments with natural language.
Immunodermatology is a field covering the majority of skin diseases, including the most prevalent onesin the general population. The Second Edition of Skin Immune System (SIS) discusses immune-mediated skin diseases and disease groups in which the SIS plays a role. It covers major findings in immunophysiology and immunopathology that have occurred since the introduction of the First Edition in 1990. As the subtitle indicates, the Second Edition adds a new emphasis on cutaneous immunology, and also includes new information on immune-based therapeutic interventions and methods, such as phototherapy and the immunological therapy of skin cancer. The book contains Part I, with introductory chapters; Part II, with descriptions of the cellular elements; and Part III, which describes the humoral and molecular components of SIS. Part IV follows to integrate the facts described in Parts II and III into concepts of pathophysiology. It contains a number of concepts entitled "response patterns" that describe how the constitutional elements of SIS work together. New in this edition are the descriptions of immunodermatological diseases individually described in Part V. Part VI is also all new and summarizes principles of immunotherapy.
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