Jan Sprenger and Stephan Hartmann offer a fresh approach to central topics in philosophy of science, including causation, explanation, evidence, and scientific models. Their Bayesian approach uses the concept of degrees of belief to explain and to elucidate manifold aspects of scientific reasoning.
The history of the Arabs in antiquity from their earliest appearance around 853 BC until the first century of Islam, is described in this book. It traces the mention of people called Arabs in all relevant ancient sources and suggests a new interpretation of their history. It is suggested that the ancient Arabs were more a religious community than an ethnic group, which would explain why the designation 'Arab' could be easily adopted by the early Muslim tribes. The Arabs of antiquity thus resemble the early Islamic Arabs more than is usually assumed, both being united by common bonds of religious ideology and law.
This book outlines the important foundational insights for enterprise governance and enterprise engineering, which are obviously provided by the social and organization sciences, but also by other sciences such as philosophy and information technology. It presents an employee-centric theory of organization in order to secure enterprise performance and also to comply with moral considerations about society and human individuals. This is necessary as prescriptions based on ‘best practices’ or the ‘best managed companies’ are often merely anecdotal, faddish, or controversial, and based on unsubstantiated pseudo-theories. The book consists of four main chapters, the first of which summarizes the importance of foundational insights for enterprises and explains the mutual relationships between the basic elements of enterprise governance and enterprise engineering. Next, chapter 2 explains the necessary philosophical foundations concerning knowledge, truth, language, and human existence. Subsequently, chapter 3 describes the ontological foundation and the nature of society and enterprises, as understanding their characteristics is a prerequisite for understanding and designing enterprises. Finally, chapter 4 approaches ideological foundations as beliefs and convictions, as they create specific requirements for the design of enterprises. In this way, the book covers all the cornerstones of the employee-centric theory of organization, drawing on foundational insights. The book is mainly intended for students specializing in areas such as business administration, management and organization science, governance, and enterprise and information systems design. However, professionals working in these areas will also benefit from the book, as it allows them to gain a deeper understanding of the theoretical foundations of their work and will thus help them to avoid strategic failures due to a lack of coherence and consistency between the various parts of their organization.
Inspire students to develop as writers in the first grade classroom with these engaging and creative writing lessons. This classroom-tested resource shows positive results in students' writing and simplifies the planning of writing instruction. It contains detailed information on how to establish and manage daily Writer's Workshop and includes consistent, structured instruction to encourage students to actively participate in the writing process. Specific lessons to help students develop the traits of quality writing are also included.
Dealing with digitality is one of the most urgent challenges of the present. The increasing importance and spread of computer technology not only challenges societies and individuals - this development also puts pressure on the concept of digitality, which tries to grasp the totality and peculiarity of the conditions and consequences of electronic digital computing (in all its forms). However, precisely because digitality is commonplace, so should be its critique, its analysis and assessment. How can an analysis do justice to both fundamental characteristics and changing concrete forms, infrastructures, and practices? How do the developments of a digitalization that programmatically encompasses forms of networking, embedding, and autonomization shape media, cultures, and societies? How do "artificial intelligence" and "algorithmic government" relate to each other, how does the immateriality of "the digital" fit with the materiality of computers? How does the changing status and scope of this technology mediate itself? This book introduces ongoing debates and develops its own approach to the critique of digitality, asking about forms of interfaces and processes of governance. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Kritik der Digitalität by Jan Distelmeyer, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2021. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
Inspire students to develop as writers in the fourth grade classroom with these engaging and creative writing lessons. This classroom-tested resource shows positive results in students' writing and simplifies the planning of writing instruction. It contains detailed information on how to establish and manage daily Writer's Workshop and includes consistent, structured instruction to encourage students to actively participate in the writing process. Specific lessons to help students develop the traits of quality writing are also included. This resource develops college and career readiness skills and is aligned to today's standards.
The fourth in a series of editions of Shakespeare’s most political and history-soaked plays, this Macbeth offers copious aids to understanding the play not found in any other edition. By attending to the play’s medieval Scottish setting in a way that rival editors have never matched—when they have even dug beyond the early seventeenth-century context in which it was produced—Jan H. Blits’s edition richly rewards readers left unsatisfied by “decodings” of the play’s supposed allusions to the politics of early modern England who wish to look deeper. In doing so, it opens the text for readers to encounter, in new ways, the play’s historical, political, and psychological significance.
This book examines the future of birthing practices, particularly by focusing on epidural analgesia in childbirth. It describes historical and cultural trajectories that have shaped the way in which birth is understood in Western, developed nations. In setting out the nature of epidural history, knowledge and practice, the book delves into related birth practices within the hospital setting. By critically examining these practices, which are embedded in a scientific discourse that rationalises and relies upon technology use, the authors argue that epidural analgesia has been positioned as a safe technology in contemporary maternity culture, despite it carrying particular risks. In examining alternative research the book proposes that increasing epidural rates are not only due to greater pain relief requirements or access but are influenced by technocratic values and a fragmented maternity system. The authors outline the way in which this epidural discourse influences how information is presented to women and how this affects their choices around the use of pain relief in labour.
What all new and developing teachers need: the real basics of effective classroom management distilled in an easy-to-read guide they can quickly scan for time-saving tips or read in-depth to improve long-term performance. Three veteran teacher-authors explain the essentials: *Setting up your classroom and establishing routines *Pacing the curriculum and dealing with transitions and interruptions *Preventing the most common discipline problems and effectively handling them when they occur *Selecting the right instructional strategy to fit the students and the information to be learned Note: This product listing is for the Adobe Acrobat (PDF) version of the book.
The lambda calculus was developed in the 1930s by Alonzo Church. The calculus turned out to be an interesting model of computation and became theprototype for untyped functional programming languages. Operational and denotational semantics for the calculus served as examples for otherprogramming languages. In typed lambda calculi, lambda terms are classified according to their applicative behavior. In the 1960s it was discovered that the types of typed lambda calculi are in fact appearances of logical propositions. Thus there are two possible views of typed lambda calculi: - as models of computation, where terms are viewed as programs in a typed programming language; - as logical theories, where the types are viewed as propositions and the terms as proofs. The practical spin-off from these studies are: - functional programming languages which are mathematically more succinct than imperative programs; - systems for automated proof checking based on lambda caluli. This volume is the proceedings of TLCA '93, the first international conference on Typed Lambda Calculi and Applications,organized by the Department of Philosophy of Utrecht University. It includes29 papers selected from 51 submissions.
Information Technologies for Education and Training have gained increasing atten tion and significance in the past decade. Accordingly, the availability of an enormous amount of information sources through the Internet, the technological progress in the ICT sector, and an increasing flexibility in organizations and enterprises have accelerated the information and knowledge growth in our society. Knowledge and Lifelong Learning have become critical success factors for the long-term positioning on the global market. Recent mergers of globally distributed enterprises show that knowledge has to be available and transferable within a short time frame. Global, flexible, and service-oriented organizations need highly qualified employees. These trends also show the rapidly growing significance of new aspects of ba sie and further education. Traditional education, ending with a graduation, will be complemented by a lifelong leaming process. Every individual is required to contin uously leam new and changing knowledge. Consequently, the support of leaming processes through innovative technologies becomes an elementary component of every educationallevel. The Handbook is a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners work ing with Educational Technologies. lts overall goal is to enable the reader to gain a deep understanding of past, current, and future research and applications in the field of Educational Technologies. It will provide a reference source for both practitioners and researchers in the enterprise and educational sector. From a research perspective, the reader will gain an in-depth understanding of complex theories, strategies, concepts, and methods of Educational Technologies.
THIS EBOOK IS FOR TABLETS AND OTHER LARGE SCREENS. Please use pan and zoom to explore the detailed infographics. An ingeniously conceived tour of the global economy and all its key components, illuminated one by one in 99 large-scale, full-colo The economy is a complex, world-spanning, layer-upon-layer-upon-layer behemoth: One could argue that almost every aspect of our lives is connected to the realms of business and finance. And yet few of us truly understand it—even the world’s foremost economists can’t seem to agree on how it runs. The Global Economy as You’ve Never Seen It presents 99 brilliant infographics that everyone can understand. From start-ups to monopolies, from trade agreements to theory, author Thomas Ramge and infographic specialist Jan Schwochow bring every facet of the economic web to life. Economics connects us all, from what we buy, to how we buy it, who made it, and where. See the economy differently—and the world.
This volume provides readers interested in urban history with a collection of essays on the evolution of public space in that paradigmatic western city which is Rome. Scholars specialized in different historical periods contributed chapters, in order to find common themes which weave their way through one of the most complex urban histories of western civilization. Divided into five chronological sections (Antiquity, Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque, Modern and Contemporary) the volume opens with the issue of how public space was defined in classical Roman law and how ancient city managers organized the maintenance of these spaces, before moving on to explore how this legacy was redefined and reinterpreted during the Middle Ages. The third group of essays examines how the imposition of papal order on feuding families during the Renaissance helped introduce a new urban plan which could satisfy both functional and symbolic needs. The fourth section shows how modern Rome continued to express strong interest in the control and management of public space, the definition of which was necessarily selective in this vastly extensive city. The collection ends with an essay on the contemporary debate for revitalizing Rome's eastern periphery. Through this long-term chronological approach the volume offers a truly unique insight into the urban development of one of Europe’s most important cities, and concludes with a discuss of the challenges public space faces today after having served for so many centuries as a driving force in urban history.
The on-going battle between government's desire to regulate private property use and property owners' equally powerful desire to avoid economically damaging or unreasonable limitations on their property is one of the most emotionally charged and fiercely contested issues in contemporary law. An enormous amount of litigation at every level of government has stemmed from questions surrounding the timing and amount of government compensation to an owner of regulated property. The relevant law has undergone a complete transformation over the past decade, so count on the Law of Property Rights Protection to bring you completely up to date. Organized according to the major elements of a property rights case, the book: Analyzes the case law and identifies which challenges were successful, what fact patterns proved compelling, and what tactics have failed. Offers advice on how best to handle common situations Covers the full range of property, drawing on recent cases involving contract rights, lease hold rights, an unpatented mining claim, the possibility of reverter, the right of entry, the use of water power, and the right to exclude members of the public from a shopping center. Using Laitos' strategic approach will help you formulate your own arguments and handle taking cases with confidence.
This is the most comprehensive account to date of literary politics in Nazi Germany and of the institutions, organizations and people who controlled German literature during the Third Reich. Barbian details a media dictatorship-involving the persecution and control of writers, publishers and libraries, but also voluntary assimilation and pre-emptive self-censorship-that began almost immediately under the National Socialists, leading to authors' forced declarations of loyalty, literary propaganda, censorship, and book burnings. Special attention is given to Nazi regulation of the publishing industry and command over all forms of publication and dissemination, from the most presitigious publishing houses to the smallest municipal and school libraries. Barbian also shows that, although the Nazis censored books not in line with Party aims, many publishers and writers took advantage of loopholes in their system of control. Supporting his work with exhaustive research of original sources, Barbian describes a society in which everybody who was not openly opposed to it, participated in the system, whether as a writer, an editor, or even as an ordinary visitor to a library.
Nicolaas van Wijk (1880-1941) was the founder of Slavic studies in the Netherlands and one of the greatest Slavists in general. This book describes for the first time how a scholar of the Dutch language, whose etymological dictionary of the Dutch language is still considered the best of its kind, was appointed in 1913 to the newly created Chair in Slavic languages at Leiden University and built up a tremendous reputation for himself in Eastern Europe. Van Wijk's relations with his famous teacher, the linguist C.C. Uhlenbeck, are followed attentively, as is his postgraduate apprenticeship in Leipzig (1902-1903), where he followed August Leskien's lectures in Slavic studies. Attention is also paid to the various aspects of Van Wijk's enormous oeuvre covering the whole field of Slavic studies and of phonology, of which he was one of the pioneers. Van Wijk did not, however, follow the lines approved for the social conduct of a Leiden professor and was at one time suspected by the police of communist activities. His commitment to materially helping all he could from an Eastern Europe torn apart by the First World War and its aftermath was exceptional. His fascination with all things Russian is a background theme that played throughout his life and even at his death: son of a Dutch Reformed minister, the bachelor Van Wijk was buried in a grave surmounted by a Russian Orthodox cross beside his Russian foster son, who died young. This book is of interest to Slavists, linguists and cultural historians.
This study systematically investigates the representation of warm conveyor belts (WCBs) in large reforecast data sets of different numerical weather prediction models and evaluates the role of WCBs for the onset and life cycle of Atlantic-European weather regimes. The results emphasize the importance of accurate forecast of WCBs for sub-seasonal prediction on time scales beyond two weeks and tie the low forecast skill of blocked weather regimes over Europe to misrepresented WCBs.
Inspire students to develop as writers in the fifth grade classroom with these engaging and creative writing lessons. This classroom-tested resource shows positive results in students' writing and simplifies the planning of writing instruction. It contains detailed information on how to establish and manage daily Writer's Workshop and includes consistent, structured instruction to encourage students to actively participate in the writing process. Specific lessons to help students develop the traits of quality writing are also included. This resource develops college and career readiness skills and is aligned to today's standards.
Migrant Labour in Europe (1987) examines the movement of workers from less prosperous parts of Europe to areas with demand for their services. The author identifies seven major systems of migrant labour: the North Sea System (mainly Westphalian workers heading for the German and Dutch North Sea Coast and Walloon/French workers bound for the Belgian and Zeeland coasts); the area between London and the Humber; the Paris Basin; Provence, Languedoc and Catalonia; Castile; Piedmont; and central Italy with Corsica. A detailed study of the first of these systems, tracing its development and changes, is brought into a synchronic relation with data for the other regions. The evidence shows major waves of immigration in the seventeenth century, and a rapid diminution of migratory labour to the North Sea in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, a time when new ‘pull areas’ were created by the expanding industrial complexes of Germany and labour began to come in from areas outside Europe.
Inspire students to develop as writers in the second grade classroom with these engaging and creative writing lessons. This classroom-tested resource shows positive results in students' writing and simplifies the planning of writing instruction. It contains detailed information on how to establish and manage daily Writer's Workshop and includes consistent, structured instruction to encourage students to actively participate in the writing process. Specific lessons to help students develop the traits of quality writing are also included.
Inspire students to develop as writers in the third grade classroom with these engaging and creative writing lessons. This classroom-tested resource shows positive results in students' writing and simplifies the planning of writing instruction. It contains detailed information on how to establish and manage daily Writer's Workshop and includes consistent, structured instruction to encourage students to actively participate in the writing process. Specific lessons to help students develop the traits of quality writing are also included. This resource develops college and career readiness skills and is aligned to today's standards.
Historians of the early modern witch-hunt often begin histories of their field with the theories propounded by Margaret Murray and Montague Summers in the 1920s. They overlook the lasting impact of nineteenth-century scholarship, in particular the contributions by two American historians, Andrew Dickson White (1832–1918) and George Lincoln Burr (1857–1938). Study of their work and scholarly personae contributes to our understanding of the deeply embedded popular understanding of the witch-hunt as representing an irrational past in opposition to an enlightened present. Yet the men's relationship with each other, and with witchcraft sceptics – the heroes of their studies – also demonstrates how their writings were part of a larger war against 'unreason'. This Element thus lays bare the ways scholarly masculinity helped shape witchcraft historiography, a field of study often seen as dominated by feminist scholarship. Such meditation on past practice may foster reflection on contemporary models of history writing.
This textbook provides readers with evocative and analytical accounts of social processes that are linked to globalization and connectivity, which includes a wide range of multi-centred connections in history, DNA analysis, technology, art, populism and political economy. Rather than globalization, Nederveen Pieterse focuses on connectivity. His approach to globalization differs from both structuralist accounts of the world-system, and the institutionally-centred focus of much work in international studies. This synthesis will provide a new resource to reconstruct theoretical approaches to globalization and global studies. Fluently written, clearly organized and with an interdisciplinary approach, the book will be accessible to upper division undergraduates and graduates in social sciences, including students and researchers from the fields of sociology, politics, political economy, development studies and international relations.
This book offers the first account of Old Norse syntax for almost a hundred years and the first ever in a non-Scandinavian language. The language of the Vikings and of the Old Icelandic sagas is the best documented medieval Germanic language and the author is able to present a comprehensive analysis of its syntax and overviews of its phonology and morphology. He supports his analyses with examples taken from Norwegian and Icelandic manuscript editions. Professor Faarlund's approach is descriptive, in a generative framework with a minimum of technical detail. He includes a complete bibliography of Old Norse syntax. The book is intended for advanced students and scholars of historical linguistics, Germanic and Scandinavian languages, Norse philology, and all others with a serious interest in Nordic languages, civilizations, and history.
The book concerns female dress in Roman life and literature. The main focus is on female Roman dress as it may have been worn in daily life in Rome and in a social environment influenced by Roman culture in the time from the beginnings of the Republic until the end of the 2nd century AD. There is, however, a certain surplus as to its contents because many Latin texts also talk about mythical Greek dress and the largely fictional early Roman dress. Altogether, large parts of the history of Roman dress are only known to us through what scholars thought about it in Classical and Late Antiquity. For this reason, this book is not only about real female Roman dress, but also about the ancient pseudo-discourse on early female Roman dress, which has been taken too seriously by modern scholarship. This pseudo-discourse has been mixed together with real facts to produce an ahistorical fabric. It therefore appeared necessary to break with this old tradition and to take a completely new path. The detailed analysis of many texts on female Roman dress is the basis of this new handbook meant for philologists, historians, and archaeologists alike.
The Book of Exodus may be the most consequential story ever told. But its spectacular moments of heaven-sent plagues and parting seas overshadow its true significance, says Jan Assmann, a leading historian of ancient religion. The story of Moses guiding the enslaved children of Israel out of captivity to become God's chosen people is the foundation of an entirely new idea of religion, one that lives on today in many of the world's faiths. The Invention of Religion sheds new light on ancient scriptures to show how Exodus has shaped fundamental understandings of monotheistic practice and belief." --
Intuitively, organisations can easily be categorised as ‘public’ or ‘private’. However, this book questions such a black and white dichotomy between public and private, and seeks a deeper understanding of hybrid organisations. These organisations can be found at micro, meso and macro levels of societal activity, consisting of networks between companies, public agencies and other entities. The line between these two realms is increasingly blurred — giving rise to hybrid organisations. Governing Hybrid Organisations presents an engaging discussion around hybrid organisations, highlighting them as important and fascinating examples of modern institutional diversity. Chapters examine the changing landscape of service delivery and the nature and governance of hybrid organisations, using international examples and cases from different service contexts. The authors put forward a clear analytical framework for understanding hybrid governance, looking at strategy and performance management. This text will be valuable for students of public management, public administration, business management and organisational studies, and will also be illuminating for practising managers.
Drawn after nature presents a vivid and complete picture of a unique historical collection of botanical watercolours. Botanists, art lovers, historians as well as the general public will enjoy this publication of the watercolours, their annotations and their history, but above all their supreme beauty and display of craftsmanship. For over 300 years, the Preußische Staatsbibliothek in Berlin held a most remarkable collection of botanical watercolours. They were catalogued as part of the library’s illustrated manuscripts, or Libri Picturati. These magnificent works of art, rich in colour and detail, were made in the second half of the 16th century in the southern part of the Low Countries. In the 1970s the complete set of watercolours had been rediscovered and sparked the interest of historians, art historians and botanists alike. Together they set out to unravel the many secrets still held by the Libri Picturati’s watercolours: who had collected them, and why? A team of pre-eminent European scientists worked together on these and other intriguing questions surrounding the collection. They unveiled the important role played by the famous Dutch botanist Carolus Clusius, who later founded the University of Leiden’s Botanical Gardens. Drawn after nature contains accessible and informative chapters on the collection’s history, but most importantly: it brings together all of the original 1429 watercolours and sketches, for the first time in one volume, accompanied by their original annotations.
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