This book presents an overview of the most fundamental aspects of the theory that underlies the Relational Database Model. As such it is self-contained though experience with formal models and abstract data manipulating on the one hand and with the practical use of a relational system on the other hand can help the reader. Such experience will offer the reader a better understanding of and a motivation for the different concepts, theories and results mentioned in the book. We have focussed on the most basic concepts and aspects of the relational model, without trying to give a complete overview of the state of the art of database theory. Recently a lot of books on databases in general and on the relational model in particular have been published. Most of them describe the use of database systems. 'Some clarify how information has to be structured and organized before it can be used to build applications. Others help the user in writing down his applications or in finding tricky ways to optimize the running time or the necessary space. Another category of books treat more fundamental and more general aspects such as the description of the relational model, independent of any implementation, the decomposition in normal forms or the global design of distributed databases. Few, however, are the books that describe in a formal way some of the subjects mentioned above.
This book is intended as a text for a course in programming languages. The pre requisites for such a course are insight in structured programming and knowledge as well as practical experience of at least one (e.g., Pascal) of the programming languages treated in the book. The emphasis is on language concepts rather than on syntactic details. The book covers a number of important language concepts that are related to data struc tures. The comparison of the programming languages Pascal, Algol 68, PL/1 and Ada consists in investigating how these concepts are supported by each of these languages. Interesting evaluation criteria are generality, simplicity, safety, readability and portability. The study of programming languages is based on a simple model called SMALL. This model serves as a didactic vehicle for describing, comparing and evaluating data structures in various programming languages. Each chapter centers around a specific language concept. It consists of a general discussion followed by a number of language sections, one for each of the languages Pascal, Algol 68, PL/1 and Ada. Each of these sections contains a number of illustrating program fragments written in the programming language concerned. For each program fragment in one language, there is an analogous fragment in the others. The book can be read "vertically" so that the programming languages Pascal, Algol 68, PL/1 and Ada are encountered in that order several times. A "horizontal" reading of the book would consist in selecting only those sections which only concern one language.
This volume is the proceedings of the second International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT) held in Bruges, Belgium, August 31 - September 2, 1988. ICDT intends to provide a European forum for the international research community working on theoretical issues related to database and knowledge base systems. The proceedings of this conference contain all invited and accepted papers, which represent the latest results obtained in ongoing research in database theory worldwide. Most major themes of research in database theory are covered in ICDT '88: the relational model, logic and databases, object-oriented databases, deductive databases, conceptual models, analysis and design of data structures, query languages, concurrency control and updates and transactions.
Rigorous theory and real-world applications for modeling and analysis of the behavior of complex communicating computer systems. Complex communicating computer systems—computers connected by data networks and in constant communication with their environments—do not always behave as expected. This book introduces behavioral modeling, a rigorous approach to behavioral specification and verification of concurrent and distributed systems. It is among the very few techniques capable of modeling systems interaction at a level of abstraction sufficient for the interaction to be understood and analyzed. Offering both a mathematically grounded theory and real-world applications, the book is suitable for classroom use and as a reference for system architects. The book covers the foundation of behavioral modeling using process algebra, transition systems, abstract data types, and modal logics. Exercises and examples augment the theoretical discussion. The book introduces a modeling language, mCRL2, that enables concise descriptions of even the most intricate distributed algorithms and protocols. Using behavioral axioms and such proof methods as confluence, cones, and foci, readers will learn how to prove such algorithms equal to their specifications. Specifications in mCRL2 can be simulated, visualized, or verified against their requirements. An extensive mCRL2 toolset for mechanically verifying the requirements is freely available online; this toolset has been successfully used to design and analyze industrial software that ranges from healthcare applications to particle accelerators at CERN. Appendixes offer material on equations and notation as well as exercise solutions.
Manipulation of text by means of the computer is well-established. Everybody has a word processor on his or her desk, and electronic mail, desk top publishing, text interchange languages, hypertext and multimedia are technologies many will be aware of. However, the full potential of the computer for the management and use of textual information has not been tapped yet. Far from it. For this a more principled approach is necessary, which will create a framework on which existing technologies, and technologies-yet-to-come can build and in which they can be integrated. This book can be seen as one step on this road. It employs the experience gained in working with a rich electronic linguistic corpus, the ECA database. A basic text database model is put forward and several text database retrieval languages are defined and analysed. A clear direction for further research is given. Therefore, the book is of relevance to researchers and developers in the field of corpus linguistics and in the more general field of electronic text.
This book presents state-of-the-art research results in the area of formal methods for real-time and fault-tolerant systems. The papers consider problems and solutions in safety-critical system design and examine how wellthe use of formal techniques for design, analysis and verification serves in relating theory to practical realities. The book contains papers on real-time and fault-tolerance issues. Formal logic, process algebra, and action/event models are applied: - to specify and model qualitative and quantitative real-time and fault-tolerant behavior, - to analyze timeliness requirements and consequences of faulthypotheses, - to verify protocols and program code, - to formulate formal frameworks for development of real-time and fault-tolerant systems, - to formulate semantics of languages. The integration and cross-fertilization of real-time and fault-tolerance issues have brought newinsights in recent years, and these are presented in this book.
This book presents an overview of the most fundamental aspects of the theory that underlies the Relational Database Model. As such it is self-contained though experience with formal models and abstract data manipulating on the one hand and with the practical use of a relational system on the other hand can help the reader. Such experience will offer the reader a better understanding of and a motivation for the different concepts, theories and results mentioned in the book. We have focussed on the most basic concepts and aspects of the relational model, without trying to give a complete overview of the state of the art of database theory. Recently a lot of books on databases in general and on the relational model in particular have been published. Most of them describe the use of database systems. 'Some clarify how information has to be structured and organized before it can be used to build applications. Others help the user in writing down his applications or in finding tricky ways to optimize the running time or the necessary space. Another category of books treat more fundamental and more general aspects such as the description of the relational model, independent of any implementation, the decomposition in normal forms or the global design of distributed databases. Few, however, are the books that describe in a formal way some of the subjects mentioned above.
This book is intended as a text for a course in programming languages. The pre requisites for such a course are insight in structured programming and knowledge as well as practical experience of at least one (e.g., Pascal) of the programming languages treated in the book. The emphasis is on language concepts rather than on syntactic details. The book covers a number of important language concepts that are related to data struc tures. The comparison of the programming languages Pascal, Algol 68, PL/1 and Ada consists in investigating how these concepts are supported by each of these languages. Interesting evaluation criteria are generality, simplicity, safety, readability and portability. The study of programming languages is based on a simple model called SMALL. This model serves as a didactic vehicle for describing, comparing and evaluating data structures in various programming languages. Each chapter centers around a specific language concept. It consists of a general discussion followed by a number of language sections, one for each of the languages Pascal, Algol 68, PL/1 and Ada. Each of these sections contains a number of illustrating program fragments written in the programming language concerned. For each program fragment in one language, there is an analogous fragment in the others. The book can be read "vertically" so that the programming languages Pascal, Algol 68, PL/1 and Ada are encountered in that order several times. A "horizontal" reading of the book would consist in selecting only those sections which only concern one language.
This volume is the proceedings of the second International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT) held in Bruges, Belgium, August 31 - September 2, 1988. ICDT intends to provide a European forum for the international research community working on theoretical issues related to database and knowledge base systems. The proceedings of this conference contain all invited and accepted papers, which represent the latest results obtained in ongoing research in database theory worldwide. Most major themes of research in database theory are covered in ICDT '88: the relational model, logic and databases, object-oriented databases, deductive databases, conceptual models, analysis and design of data structures, query languages, concurrency control and updates and transactions.
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