Fault-tolerant control aims at a gradual shutdown response in automated systems when faults occur. It satisfies the industrial demand for enhanced availability and safety, in contrast to traditional reactions to faults, which bring about sudden shutdowns and loss of availability. The book presents effective model-based analysis and design methods for fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control. Architectural and structural models are used to analyse the propagation of the fault through the process, to test the fault detectability and to find the redundancies in the process that can be used to ensure fault tolerance. It also introduces design methods suitable for diagnostic systems and fault-tolerant controllers for continuous processes that are described by analytical models of discrete-event systems represented by automata. The book is suitable for engineering students, engineers in industry and researchers who wish to get an overview of the variety of approaches to process diagnosis and fault-tolerant control. The authors have extensive teaching experience with graduate and PhD students, as well as with industrial experts. Parts of this book have been used in courses for this audience. The authors give a comprehensive introduction to the main ideas of diagnosis and fault-tolerant control and present some of their most recent research achievements obtained together with their research groups in a close cooperation with European research projects. The third edition resulted from a major re-structuring and re-writing of the former edition, which has been used for a decade by numerous research groups. New material includes distributed diagnosis of continuous and discrete-event systems, methods for reconfigurability analysis, and extensions of the structural methods towards fault-tolerant control. The bibliographical notes at the end of all chapters have been up-dated. The chapters end with exercises to be used in lectures.
This research monograph summarizes solutions to reconfigurable fault-tolerant control problems for nonlinear dynamical systems that are based on the fault-hiding principle. It emphasizes but is not limited to complete actuator and sensor failures. In the first part, the monograph starts with a broad introduction of the control reconfiguration problems and objectives as well as summaries and explanations of solutions for linear dynamical systems. The solution is always a reconfiguration block, which consists of linear virtual actuators in the case of actuator faults and linear virtual sensors in the case of sensor faults. The main advantage of the fault-hiding concept is the reusability of the nominal controller, which remains in the loop as an active system while the virtual actuator and sensor adapt the control input and the measured output to the fault scenario. The second and third parts extend virtual actuators and virtual sensors towards the classes of Hammerstein-Wiener systems and piecewise affine systems. The main analyses concern stability recovery, setpoint tracking recovery, and performance recovery as reconfiguration objectives. The fourth part concludes the monograph with descriptions of practical implementations and case studies. The book is primarily intended for active researchers and practicing engineers in the field of fault-tolerant control. Due to many running examples it is also suitable for interested graduate students.
This book proposes a new approach to dynamic and online risk assessment of automated and autonomous marine systems, taking into account different environmental and operational conditions. The book presents lessons learnt from dynamic positioning incidents and accidents, and discusses the challenges of risk assessment of complex systems. The book begins by introducing dynamic and online risk assessment, before presenting automated and autonomous marine systems, as well as numerous dynamic positioning incidents. It then discusses human interactions with technology and explores how to quantify human error. Dynamic probabilistic risk assessment and online risk assessment are both considered fully, including case studies with the application of assisting operators in decision making in emergency situations. Finally, areas for future research are suggested. This practical volume offers tools and methodologies to help operators make better decisions and improve the safety of automated and autonomous marine systems. It provides a guideline for researchers and practitioners to perform dynamic probabilistic and online risk assessment, which also should be applicable to other complex systems outside the marine and maritime domain, such as nuclear power plants, chemical processes, autonomous transport systems, and space shuttles.
Important Notice: The digital edition of this book is missing some of the images or content found in the physical edition.The gold standard for midwives and students is back with Varney’s Midwifery, Fifth Edition. New to this edition are chapters describing the profession of midwifery, reproductive physiology, clinical genetics, and support for women in labor. Interwoven throughout is information on primary care, gynecology, maternity care, and neonatal care. With chapters written by a variety of expert midwives and an increased emphasis on reproductive anatomy and physiology, this new edition assists students and clinicians in understanding not only what to do but why. Updated to reflect evidence-based care, this edition also discusses the pathophysiology of various conditions in the context of normal changes in the reproductive cycle. Also included are numerous new anatomical and clinical illustrations.
This book presents model-based analysis and design methods for fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control. Architectural and structural models are used to analyse the propagation of the fault through the process, test fault detectability and reveal redundancies that can be used to ensure fault tolerance. Case studies demonstrate the methods presented. The second edition includes new material on reconfigurable control, diagnosis of nonlinear systems, and remote diagnosis, plus new examples and updated bibliography.
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