Anthropologists widely agree that identities--even ethnic and racial ones--are socially constructed. Less understood are the processes by which social identities are conceived and developed. Legalizing Identities shows how law can successfully serve as the impetus for the transformation of cultural practices and collective identity. Through ethnographic, historical, and legal analysis of successful claims to land by two neighboring black communities in the backlands of northeastern Brazil, Jan Hoffman French demonstrates how these two communities have come to distinguish themselves from each other while revising and retelling their histories and present-day stories. French argues that the invocation of laws by these related communities led to the emergence of two different identities: one indigenous (Xoco Indian) and the other quilombo (descendants of a fugitive African slave community). With the help of the Catholic Church, government officials, lawyers, anthropologists, and activists, each community won government recognition and land rights, and displaced elite landowners. This was accomplished even though anthropologists called upon to assess the validity of their claims recognized that their identities were "constructed." The positive outcome of their claims demonstrates that authenticity is not a prerequisite for identity. French draws from this insight a more sweeping conclusion that, far from being evidence of inauthenticity, processes of construction form the basis of all identities and may have important consequences for social justice.
Anthropologists widely agree that identities_even ethnic and racial ones_are socially constructed. Less understood are the processes by which social identities are conceived and developed. Legalizing Identities shows how law can successfully serve
This book examines radical Jihad terrorism in contemporary France and sheds light on the vicious circle of violence, based on reciprocity. Building upon the theoretical heritage of Pierre Bourdieu, the book develops a methodology and a concept of the vicious circle of violence in France, based on three pillars: actors, dynamics, and effects. Discussing the development of global terrorism between the 9/11 attacks and the launch of the European front against global terror in Spain and Great Britain, the book goes on to analyze why France has not been attacked during the 2000s and why it, in turn, became a primary target of terrorist attacks during the 2010s, with a special emphasis on communication theory and the concept of reciprocity. Studying these attacks on the international level, the book offers insights into violent acts of revenge of the radical home-grown jihadists for the French military interventions in four Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries, especially Libya and Syria. It further investigates the following growing radicalization of the Muslim community on the national level as a reason for terrorist attacks. Finally, the book sheds light on the reactions from within the French military to these developments, before closing with a presentation of the new political context after the 2022 presidential and legislative elections. Based on empirical evidence and a theoretical background this book will appeal to students and scholars of political science and international relations, as well as policy-makers and practitioners interested in a better understanding of terrorism, French politics, and communication theory.
Your complete one-stop guide to building ventilation and air treatment systems design!! Immune Building Control Systems takes a comprehensive approach to the protection of buildings against biological pathogens. Immune Building Control Systems is a how-to-guide, an all-in-one reference for designing, retrofitting, and building state-of-the art ventilation and air treatment systems that can be integrated and controlled by a detection system. This guide is the first all in one guide to tackle this new and growing threat. The book includes all essential background information on chemical/biological pathogens and on the mechanical systems used to control indoor air quality and protect those that inhabit them. Packed with schematics, diagrams and equations this Immune Building Controls Systems provides the engineer with all the essential tools for the design or the retrofit of systems for treating or purging indoor air of biological pathogens. Specific systems for use in homes, schools, hospitals, and laboratories are described in sufficient detail. The accompanying CD contains a modeling program that will allow the user to test designs before they get off the drawing board as well as assist HAVC Engineers take a look that their systems and retrofit their systems to meet the new threat of biological pathogens.
In more than a thousand entries this encyclopedia—impeccably researched, internationally focused, and extensively cross-referenced—reveals the actual lives and exploits of pirates and the diverse worlds from which they sprang, from the Etruscan and Phoenician marauders off the coast of ancient Greece to the Chinese and Malay pirates of the 1870s. Pirates! encompasses: historical pirates like Madame Cheng I Sao, Captain William Kidd, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Edward "Blackbeard" Teach; fictional buccaneers like Anne Bonny, Captain Blood, and Long John Silver; every important and noteworthy novel, play, poem, ballad, opera, and movie portraying pirates; pirate slang, havens, types of ships, weapons, symbols, practices, and pleasures; a listing of the richest booty ever captured; over a hundred illustrations (with more than a dozen paintings by Howard Pyle); and a comprehensive bibliography.
Texturizing fabric is sewing at its best-fun, artistic, and easy. Instead of settling for drab, unadorned clothes and crafts, sewers can now add ribbons, buttons, layers of fabric, and other dimensional features with minimal time and effort.
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