In the following study, I am going to present a short survey of the hedge fund industry, its regulation and the existent hedge fund strategies. Statistical arbitrage in particular is explained in further detail, and major performance measurement ratios are presented. In the second part, I am going to introduce a semi-variance model for statistical arbitrage. The model is compared to the standard Garch model, which is often used in daily option trading, derivate pricing and risk management. As investment returns are not equally distributed over time, sources for statistical arbitrage occur. The semi-variance model takes skewness into account and provides higher returns at lower volatility than the Garch model. The concept is aimed to be a synopsis of mean reversion and chart pattern detection. The computer model is generated with respect to Brownian motion and technical analysis and provides significant returns to the investment. While the market efficiency hypothesis states the impossibility of long-term arbitrage opportunities, market anomalies outstand significantly. Connecting both elements creates a profitable trading system. The combination of both approaches delivers a sensible hedge fund concept. The out-of-sample backtest verifies out-performance and implies the need for further research in the area of higher moment CAPM and additional market timing strategies as sources of statistical arbitrage.
Ever since the 2007–8 global financial crisis and its aftermath, Hyman Minsky’s theory has never been more relevant. Throughout his career, Jan Kregel has called attention to Minsky’s contributions to understanding the evolution of financial systems, the development of financial fragility and instability, and designing the financial structure necessary to support the capital development of the economy. Building on Minsky, Kregel developed a framework to analyze how different financial structures develop financial fragility over time. Rather than characterizing financial systems as market-based or bank-based, Kregel argued that it is necessary to distinguish between the risks that are carried on the balance sheets of banks and other financial institutions. This volume, brought together by Felipe C. Rezende, highlights these major contributions from Kregel through a collection of his influential papers from various journals and conferences. Kregel’s approach provides a strong theoretical background to understand the making and unfolding of the crisis and helps us to draw policy implications to improve financial stability, and suggest an alternative financial structure for a market economy. In this book, his knowledge is consolidated and the ideas he puts forward offer a path for future developments in economics which will be of great interest to those studying and researching in the fields of economics and finance.
Static hedge portfolios for barrier options are very sensitive with respect to changes of the volatility surface. To prevent potentially significant hedging losses this book develops a static super-replication strategy with market-typical robustness against volatility, skew and liquidity risk as well as model errors. Empirical results and various numerical examples confirm that the static superhedge successfully eliminates the risk of a changing volatility surface. Combined with associated sub-replication strategies this leads to robust price bounds for barrier options which are also relevant in the context of dynamic hedging. The mathematical techniques used to prove appropriate existence, duality and convergence results range from financial mathematics, stochastic and semi-infinite optimization, convex analysis and partial differential equations to semidefinite programming.
Statistics for Finance develops students’ professional skills in statistics with applications in finance. Developed from the authors’ courses at the Technical University of Denmark and Lund University, the text bridges the gap between classical, rigorous treatments of financial mathematics that rarely connect concepts to data and books on econometrics and time series analysis that do not cover specific problems related to option valuation. The book discusses applications of financial derivatives pertaining to risk assessment and elimination. The authors cover various statistical and mathematical techniques, including linear and nonlinear time series analysis, stochastic calculus models, stochastic differential equations, Itō’s formula, the Black–Scholes model, the generalized method-of-moments, and the Kalman filter. They explain how these tools are used to price financial derivatives, identify interest rate models, value bonds, estimate parameters, and much more. This textbook will help students understand and manage empirical research in financial engineering. It includes examples of how the statistical tools can be used to improve value-at-risk calculations and other issues. In addition, end-of-chapter exercises develop students’ financial reasoning skills.
This is a complete guide to the pricing and risk management of convertible bond portfolios. Convertible bonds can be complex because they have both equity and debt like features and new market entrants will usually find that they have either a knowledge of fixed income mathematics or of equity derivatives and therefore have no idea how to incorporate credit and equity together into their existing pricing tools. Part I of the book covers the impact that the 2008 credit crunch has had on the markets, it then shows how to build up a convertible bond and introduces the reader to the traditional convertible vocabulary of yield to put, premium, conversion ratio, delta, gamma, vega and parity. The market of stock borrowing and lending will also be covered in detail. Using an intuitive approach based on the Jensen inequality, the authors will also show the advantages of using a hybrid to add value - pre 2008, many investors labelled convertible bonds as 'investing with no downside', there are of course plenty of 2008 examples to prove that they were wrong. The authors then go onto give a complete explanation of the different features that can be embedded in convertible bond. Part II shows readers how to price convertibles. It covers the different parameters used in valuation models: credit spreads, volatility, interest rates and borrow fees and Maturity. Part III covers investment strategies for equity, fixed income and hedge fund investors and includes dynamic hedging and convertible arbitrage. Part IV explains the all important risk management part of the process in detail. This is a highly practical book, all products priced are real world examples and numerical examples are not limited to hypothetical convertibles. It is a must read for anyone wanting to safely get into this highly liquid, high return market.
This is the seventh edition of the leading work on transnational and comparative commercial, financial, and trade law, covering a wide range of complex topics in the modern law of international commerce and finance. As a guide for students and practitioners it has proven to be unrivalled. The work is divided into three volumes, each of which can be used independently or as part of the complete work. Volume 3 deals with financial products and financial services; the structure and operation of banking and of the capital markets; the role of modern commercial and investment banks; and financial risk, stability and regulation, including the fallout from the 2008 financial crisis and the subsequent regulatory responses in the US and Europe. In sections on products and services, the blockchain and its potential are noted in the payment system, in the custodial holdings of investment securities, and in the derivative markets. A section on regulation critically reviews the need for macro-prudential supervision and an independent macro-prudential supervisor, the role of resolution authorities, the operation of the shadow banking system, and the extraterritorial reach and international recognition of financial regulation. All three volumes may be purchased separately or as part of a single set.
“... presents a very different case: that of a civilized and cultivated cosmopolitan legal scholar, with a keen sense of international commercial and financial practice, with an in-depth grounding in both comparative legal history and comparative law, combined with the ability to transcend conventional English black-letter law description with critical judgment towards institutional wisdom and intellectual fashions.” (International and Comparative Law Quarterly) Volume 5 of this new edition uses the insights developed in Volumes 3 and 4 to deal with financial products and financial services, the structure and operation of banking and of the capital markets, and the role of modern commercial and investment banks. Sections on products and services address the blockchain and its potential in the payment system, in securitisations, in the custodial holdings of investment securities, and in the derivative markets. The complete set in this magisterial work is made up of 6 volumes. Used independently, each volume allows the reader to delve into a particular topic. Alternatively, all volumes can be read together for a comprehensive overview of transnational comparative commercial, financial and trade law.
Written by a physicist with extensive experience as a risk/finance quant, this book treats a wide variety of topics. Presenting the theory and practice of quantitative finance and risk, it delves into the 'how to' and 'what it's like' aspects not covered in textbooks or papers. A 'Technical Index' indicates the mathematical level for each chapter.This second edition includes some new, expanded, and wide-ranging considerations for risk management: Climate Change and its long-term systemic risk; Markets in Crisis and the Reggeon Field Theory; 'Smart Monte Carlo' and American Monte Carlo; Trend Risk — time scales and risk, the Macro-Micro model, singular spectrum analysis; credit risk: counterparty risk and issuer risk; stressed correlations — new techniques; and Psychology and option models.Solid risk management topics from the first edition and valid today are included: standard/advanced theory and practice in fixed income, equities, and FX; quantitative finance and risk management — traditional/exotic derivatives, fat tails, advanced stressed VAR, model risk, numerical techniques, deals/portfolios, systems, data, economic capital, and a function toolkit; risk lab — the nuts and bolts of risk management from the desk to the enterprise; case studies of deals; Feynman path integrals, Green functions, and options; and 'Life as a Quant' — communication issues, sociology, stories, and advice.
The importance of mutual funds for individual investors has increased in recent decades. This becomes apparent when looking at the increased share of households owning mutual funds. These mutual fund investors usually want to receive a return which is above or at least close to the mutual fund’s benchmark. Consequently, investors want to invest in those funds which will show these patterns in the future. Some of these mutual funds receive much attention, since they generate extraordinary high performance. But the question that remains is whether it is possible to predict such performance before funds exhibit such outstanding performance. In the past, mutual fund investors focused extensively on performance or performance linked patterns, like the Morningstar star rating, and thus chased past performance. This seems surprising since performance persists only over a short time and is more persistent to weak mutual funds (1 and 2 star rated) than well performing mutual funds. Thus, chasing past performances seems to be a rather inferior strategy. Therefore, investors should try to identify alternative tools showing a high correlation to future mutual fund performance. In this book, mutual funds are analysed, especially open-end mutual funds and actively managed mutual funds. The main focus is on what purpose and usefulness active investments have and whether performance is persistent and what the determinants of mutual fund flows are. Moreover, some alternative measures will be introduced by explaining which attributes or methods should be used and avoided when selecting mutual funds.
Providing an analysis of authoritative GAAP literature contained in Level A of the GAAP hierarchy, this resource discusses each pronouncement in a comprehensive format that makes it easy to understand and apply.
Securitization--once a fairly straightforward means of offering collateral for investment--has mushroomed into a massively complex area of financial practice. The central role occupied by such risk-distributing products as collateral debt obligations (CDOs), credit default swaps (CDSs), collateral loan obligations (CLOs), and credit derivatives has given rise to one of the most crucial inquiries of our era: Is the financial collapse that threatens the world financial system due merely to rogue traders? Or is there something in the derivative idea itself that spells inevitable disaster? Most important, can we isolate the truly productive aspects of securitization and learn to recognise pitfalls in advance? As always in such ideational minefields, it is the legal practitioners who are expected to provide guidance to distressed investors and asset dealers. Hence this vital new book. Written from a distinctly practical point of view by Jan Job de Vries Robb� with contributions from Paul Ali and Tim Coyne--all three leading authorities with extensive experience as counsel both in-house and in private practice, in addition to sterling academic credentials--the book sheds clear light on every aspect of today's securitization techniques, including welcome guidance on the following: ; keeping track of exposure to the CDO market; and evaluating such emerging asset classes as commodity risk, microfinance, and project finance risk. In the course of the analysis the book proceeds from the relevant framework and guiding legal principles, through key risks and building blocks in securitization transactions, to the various product classes and sub-classes and their differences and common denominators. Non-credit risk and niche products (such as fund and insurance securitization) are also covered. The final chapters are devoted to the applicable rules as laid down in Basel II and International Financial Reporting Standards.
Analytical Finance is a comprehensive introduction to the financial engineering of equity and interest rate instruments for financial markets. Developed from notes from the author’s many years in quantitative risk management and modeling roles, and then for the Financial Engineering course at Mälardalen University, it provides exhaustive coverage of vanilla and exotic mathematical finance applications for trading and risk management, combining rigorous theory with real market application. Coverage includes: • Date arithmetic’s, quote types of interest rate instruments • The interbank market and reference rates, including negative rates• Valuation and modeling of IR instruments; bonds, FRN, FRA, forwards, futures, swaps, CDS, caps/floors and others • Bootstrapping and how to create interest rate curves from prices of traded instruments• Risk measures of IR instruments• Option Adjusted Spread and embedded options• The term structure equation, martingale measures and stochastic processes of interest rates; Vasicek, Ho-Lee, Hull-While, CIR• Numerical models; Black-Derman-Toy and forward induction using Arrow-Debreu prices and Newton–Raphson in 2 dimension• The Heath-Jarrow-Morton framework• Forward measures and general option pricing models• Black log-normal and, normal model for derivatives, market models and managing exotics instruments• Pricing before and after the financial crisis, collateral discounting, multiple curve framework, cheapest-to-deliver curves, CVA, DVA and FVA
In the following study, I am going to present a short survey of the hedge fund industry, its regulation and the existent hedge fund strategies. Statistical arbitrage in particular is explained in further detail, and major performance measurement ratios are presented. In the second part, I am going to introduce a semi-variance model for statistical arbitrage. The model is compared to the standard Garch model, which is often used in daily option trading, derivate pricing and risk management. As investment returns are not equally distributed over time, sources for statistical arbitrage occur. The semi-variance model takes skewness into account and provides higher returns at lower volatility than the Garch model. The concept is aimed to be a synopsis of mean reversion and chart pattern detection. The computer model is generated with respect to Brownian motion and technical analysis and provides significant returns to the investment. While the market efficiency hypothesis states the impossibility of long-term arbitrage opportunities, market anomalies outstand significantly. Connecting both elements creates a profitable trading system. The combination of both approaches delivers a sensible hedge fund concept. The out-of-sample backtest verifies out-performance and implies the need for further research in the area of higher moment CAPM and additional market timing strategies as sources of statistical arbitrage.
This book provides an overview of the risk components of CoCo bonds. CoCos are hybrid financial instruments that convert into equity or suffer a write-down of the face value upon the appearance of a trigger event. The loss-absorption mechanism is automatically enforced either via the breaching of a particular accounting ratio, typically in terms of the Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio, or via a regulatory trigger. CoCos are non-standardised instruments with different loss-absorption and trigger mechanisms. They might also contain additional features such as the cancellation of coupon payments. Different pricing models are discussed in detail. These models use market data such as share prices, CDS levels and implied volatility in order to calculate the theoretical price of a CoCo bond and its sensitivities, providing the investor with insides to hedge from adverse changes in the market conditions. The audience are professionals as well as academics who want to learn how to risk manage CoCo bonds using cutting edge techniques as well as all the risk involved in CoCo bonds.
Taking continuous-time stochastic processes allowing for jumps as its starting and focal point, this book provides an accessible introduction to the stochastic calculus and control of semimartingales and explains the basic concepts of Mathematical Finance such as arbitrage theory, hedging, valuation principles, portfolio choice, and term structure modelling. It bridges thegap between introductory texts and the advanced literature in the field. Most textbooks on the subject are limited to diffusion-type models which cannot easily account for sudden price movements. Such abrupt changes, however, can often be observed in real markets. At the same time, purely discontinuous processes lead to a much wider variety of flexible and tractable models. This explains why processes with jumps have become an established tool in the statistics and mathematics of finance. Graduate students, researchers as well as practitioners will benefit from this monograph.
Static hedge portfolios for barrier options are very sensitive with respect to changes of the volatility surface. To prevent potentially significant hedging losses this book develops a static super-replication strategy with market-typical robustness against volatility, skew and liquidity risk as well as model errors. Empirical results and various numerical examples confirm that the static superhedge successfully eliminates the risk of a changing volatility surface. Combined with associated sub-replication strategies this leads to robust price bounds for barrier options which are also relevant in the context of dynamic hedging. The mathematical techniques used to prove appropriate existence, duality and convergence results range from financial mathematics, stochastic and semi-infinite optimization, convex analysis and partial differential equations to semidefinite programming.
How to avoid idiots, rip-offs, how to get work, create fast snacks, what to do in a crisis, to date or not to date, internet safety, all this and more.
This bestselling guide analyzes authoritative GAAP literature contained in Level A of the GAAP hierarchy, as well as APB Opinions and Accounting Research Bulletins. In clear language, each pronouncement is discussed in a comprehensive format that makes it easy to understand and apply.
Our Miller GAAP Guide is the industry standard -- helping nearly one million CPAs for over two decades. Why go anywhere else for information on FASB Statements and Interpretations, APB Opinions, and ARBs? Detailed examples, illustrations, an in-depth disclosure index, Observation paragraphs, Practice Pointers, and extensive cross-referencing translate complex pronouncements into plain English!
In Jan Beatty's fourth collection, The Switching/Yard, she takes us through the ravaged landscape of the American West. In unflinching lines of burning lyric and relentless narrative, she forges the constructed body into movement. What is still stereotyped as the romantic journey—now becomes as scarred as the Rust Belt. What lives in our collective unconscious as the Golden West becomes almost surreal, as these poems snap that vision in half with extended description of ghost explorers. We see the open truck cab, the farm workers on the corner waiting for pick-up; we see the speaker returning west to find the long-abandoned story of the birthfather. There is no stable landscape here except the horizontal action of moving through. Landscape becomes story. In this extended tale of the idea of family, we find stand-ins for the father in the form of a hit man, Jim Morrison, and ultimately the unyielding road takes the place of the body. The Switching/Yard is at once the horizontal world of the birth table where babies are switched, the complex yard of the body where gender routinely shifts and switches, and the actual switching yard of the trains that run the inevitable tracks of this book.
Miller GAAP Guide analyzes authoritative GAAP literature contained in Level A of the GAAP hierarchy, established by Statement on Auditing Standards No. 69. Pronouncements in this level include FASB Statements and Interpretations, as well as APB Opinions and Accounting Research Bulletins. The book organizes accounting pronouncements alphabetically by topic under two general areas: generally accepted accounting principles and specialized industry accounting principles. Pronouncements covering the same subject are compiled and incorporated in a single chapter so that the authoritative information is immediately accessible. Highlights The 2003 Edition of the Miller GAAP Guide provides new and expanded coverage in these areas: · Chapter 4, "Business Combinations"-has been revised to reflect the issuance of FAS-141 (Business Combinations) and FAS-142 (Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets). · Chapter 10, "Convertible Debt and Debt with Warrants"-contains an alert to a FASB Exposure Draft, Accounting for Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Liabilities, Equities, or Both. · Chapter 16, "Extinguishment of Debt"-has been revised to reflect the issuance of FAS-145 (Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections), which is effective for fiscal years beginning after May 15, 2002. · Chapter 20, "Impairment of Long-Lived Assets"-has been completely revised to reflect the issuance of FAS-144 (Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets), which is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2001. · Chapter 23, "Intangible Assets"-has been revised to reflect the issuance of FAS-142 (Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets) and contains a new flow chart summarizing accounting for intangible assets under FAS-142. · Chapter 41, "Results of Operations"-has been revised to reflect the issuance of FAS-144, specifically as it impacts reporting of discontinued operations Chapter 50, "Insurance"-includes a new analysis of accounting for bonds and other fixed income investments, and common and nonredeemable preferred stock as it pertains to insurance industries.
This text aims to provide easy-to-follow information on FASB statements and interpretations, APB opinions, and ARBs. It includes a disclosure index containing many of the mandatory and recommended disclosures in use, and observation paragraphs that present alternative aspects of GAAP practice pointers, offering practical examples to demonstrate and clarify specific accounting principles.
Laughter and wedding bells ring as #1 New York Times bestselling author Jan Karon takes her millions of fans behind the scenes of the most cherished event in Mitford history. Mitford’s Lord’s Chapel is the home to the most joyful event in years: the wedding of Father Tim Kavanagh and Cynthia Coppersmith. Here at last is A Common Life, and the long-awaited answers to these deeply probing questions: Will Father Tim fall apart when he takes his vows? Will Cynthia make it to the church on time? Who will arrange the flowers and bake the wedding cake? And will Uncle Billy’s prayers for a great joke be answered in time for the reception? From Dooley Barlowe, to Miss Sadie and Louella, to Emma Newland, the mayor, everybody who’s anybody will be there celebrating in the little town with the big heart. A Common Life is the perfect gift for Mother’s Day, Christmas, anniversaries, and for a bride or groom to give to his or her beloved. In truth, it’s perfect for anyone who believes in laughter, relies on hope, and celebrates love.
This manual offers analysis and explanation of FASB statements, interpretations, ARBs and APB opinions, with detailed examples and illustrations, an in-depth disclosure index, observation paragraphs, and extensive cross-referencing.
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