What are the factors that shape and determine the foreign policy choices of the United States? The Politics of United States Foreign Policy helps students consider the players, processes, and politics that drive US decisions and involvement in foreign policy. Blending substance, theory, and stimulating analysis, James Scott and Jerel Rosati emphasize that society, government, and global forces play a role in the struggle over competing values when it comes to foreign policymaking. The book discusses historical patterns, the president’s ability to influence both at home and abroad, and the tension between democracy and national security. The Eighth Edition has been updated to cover developments since the end of the Trump administration, the transition to the Biden administration, the challenges of changing international and domestic contexts, and the increasingly partisan political environment. It also incorporates key recent national and international developments, including the global pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, US global reengagement, and competition between the US and key rivals like China and Russia.
A Physiological Approach to Clinical Neurology deals with the mechanism of various neurological symptoms and signs in terms of disordered physiology. Topics covered by this book include pain and other sensations; weakness; the tendon jerk and the stretch reflex; and disordered control of motor neurons. The disorders of basal ganglia and cerebellum are also considered, along with consciousness and unconsciousness; the mechanism of epilepsy; and the relationship between brain and mind. This book is comprised of 11 chapters and begins by introducing the reader to the clinical analysis of sensory and motor disorders. The discussion then turns to the perception of pain and other kinds of sensation; the clinical approach to the problem of weakness; and the clinical significance of the tendon jerk. In the chapters that follow, appraisal of a neurophysiological thought is applied to common neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, hemiballismus, epilepsy, and developmental anomalies like platybasia. The last chapter explores the phenomena of mind and its connection to the brain as well as its influence on the body, paying particular attention to perception, memory, and emotion. This monograph is intended for those who are proceeding into the clinical years of a medical course, to those who are studying for senior qualifications in internal medicine or neurology, and to those who are merely curious about the cause of neurological phenomena that they observe daily in their patients.
In this addition to the acclaimed Engaging Culture series, a highly respected author and Christian thinker offers a principled, biblical perspective on engaging political culture as part of one's calling. James Skillen believes that constructive Christian engagement depends on the belief that those made in the image of God are created not only for family life, agriculture, education, science, industry, and the arts but also for building political communities, justly ordered for the common good. He argues that God made us to be royal stewards of public governance from the outset and that the biblical story of God's creation, judgment, and redemption of all things in Jesus Christ has everything to do with politics and government. In this irenic, nonpartisan treatment of an oft-debated topic, Skillen critically assesses current political realities and helps readers view responsibility in the political arena as a crucial dimension of the Christian faith.
For the past 25 years, critics of communication have focused on the content and form of verbal and nonverbal communication, while for the most part neglecting what traditionally has been considered a technical rather than a critical issue - the impact of how messages are produced or formatted in the various media. Topics such as the sexual and violent content of television and films, the meaning of pornography, and the persuasive efforts of advertisers largely have been examined with the use of social science methodologies that ignore the behavioral and message-generating implications of specific media systems themselves. Filling a significant void in the literature, this volume eschews the notion of communication technologies as neutral conduits, and instead depicts them as active and creative determinants of meaning. In doing so, it offers an illuminating examination of the dynamic relationships among communication, cognition, and social organization. Providing a framework for the chapters that follow, the first section of the book presents a history of human communication from a technological perspective, explores the integral role of communication technologies in everyday life, and isolates the ways in which criticism can function as an assessment system. Three specific technological cultures that define human communication are identified: the oral, the literate, and the electronic. The authors identify structural features and discuss the social implications of each. They also provide descriptions, interpretations, and evaluations of these technological cultures, and show how criticism changes when the media of transmission is taken into account. The book concludes with a cogentdiscussion of a range of topics surrounding media criticism, such as its pedagogical implications, how multiple selves can exist in a world of varied communication technologies, the integration of communication technologies, and how media studies should be incorporated into the disc
How do media find an audience when there is an endless supply of content but a limited supply of public attention? Feature films, television shows, homemade videos, tweets, blogs, and breaking news: digital media offer an always-accessible, apparently inexhaustible supply of entertainment and information. Although choices seems endless, public attention is not. How do digital media find the audiences they need in an era of infinite choice? In The Marketplace of Attention, James Webster explains how audiences take shape in the digital age. Webster describes the factors that create audiences, including the preferences and habits of media users, the role of social networks, the resources and strategies of media providers, and the growing impact of media measures—from ratings to user recommendations. He incorporates these factors into one comprehensive framework: the marketplace of attention. In doing so, he shows that the marketplace works in ways that belie our greatest hopes and fears about digital media. Some observers claim that digital media empower a new participatory culture; others fear that digital media encourage users to retreat to isolated enclaves. Webster shows that public attention is at once diverse and concentrated—that users move across a variety of outlets, producing high levels of audience overlap. So although audiences are fragmented in ways that would astonish midcentury broadcasting executives, Webster argues that this doesn't signal polarization. He questions whether our preferences are immune from media influence, and he describes how our encounters with media might change our tastes. In the digital era's marketplace of attention, Webster claims, we typically encounter ideas that cut across our predispositions. In the process, we will remake the marketplace of ideas and reshape the twenty-first century public sphere.
The Integrated News Spectacle examines the rational organization of control of popular news forms. It uses spectacular media events - such as the mourning of Princess Diana, the Monica Lewinsky presidential scandal, and the Gulf wars of 1991 and 2003 - as entry points into a discussion of the broader context surrounding an integrated system of commodity production, distribution and exchange. James R. Compton critiques the generally accepted notion of tabloidization associated with media spectacles, and situates these dramatic narratives within a broad historical context. Drawing on the work of Guy Debord, David Harvey, and Pierre Bourdieu, this book explains how the power relationships associated with media events can best be comprehended by revealing the practical application of the logic of spectacle - a logic characterized by the transposable circulation and promotion of cultural commodities.
Criminal Justice and the Policy Process develops a synthesized policy making model that explains how complex justice policy is developed, implemented, and evaluated. Unlike other texts, this study weaves together important aspects of several competing explanations of policy choice into a single model. Further, this text emphasizes the importance of implementing policy as an important component in the ultimate outcome of policy decisions. The book fills a void in introducing students to the policy making process coupled with the importance of justice administration as a component. Important themes throughout the book include the role of the media, special interests, elite policy makers, and discretion.
A disastrous war in Iraq, prisoner abuse, secret wiretaps -- the presidency of George W. Bush represents a crisis in American democracy. How did this happen? In Running Alone the revered political scientist and commentator James MacGregor Burns sets the imperial presidency of George W. Bush in the context of half a century of presidential politics. In his 1960 campaign, John F. Kennedy turned his back on the Democratic Party. He relied instead on his personal charisma and his family's vast wealth to win office. Once elected, he governed much as he had run: alone. He ignored the Democratic platform and instead sought counsel from a small group of hand-picked advisors, including his own brother. Kennedy fundamentally reshaped the role of President, and each of his successors has built on this model. American presidents have become increasingly isolated from the parties that brought them to power. Democratic presidents -- Johnson, Carter, and Clinton -- did tremendous damage to the Democratic Party by abandoning its core principles. Republican presidents have managed to lead more effectively in isolation, but have imperiled the nation in the process. Drawing on his own personal letters, interviews, and recollections of America's presidents, Burns charts the decline of genuine leadership in the Oval Office and offers a stirring vision of what the presidency can and should be. America deserves better leaders, and with unsurpassed knowledge of American history and politics, Burns shows us the way forward.
Dramatic changes in political institutions and behavior over the past three decades have underscored the dynamic nature of American politics, confronting political scientists with a new and pressing intellectual agenda. The pioneering work of early postwar scholars, while laying a firm empirical foundation for contemporary scholarship, failed to consider how American politics might change or recognize the forces that would make fundamental change inevitable. In reassessing the static interpretations fostered by these classic studies, political scientists are now examining the underlying dynamics that generate transformational change. Transforming American Politics is a series that brings together texts addressing four closely related aspects of change. A first concern is documenting and explaining recent changes in American politics—in institutions, processes, behavior, and policymaking. A second is reinterpreting classic studies and theories to provide a more accurate perspective on postwar politics. The series looks at historical change to identify recurring patterns of political transformation within and across the distinctive eras of American politics. Last and perhaps most important, the series presents new theories and interpretations that explain the dynamic processes at work and thus clarify the direction of contemporary politics. All of the books focus on the central theme of transformation—transformation in both the conduct of American politics and in the way we study and understand its many aspects.
Prompted by a wide range of readers' experiences of unexplained ailments, the highly respected Dr James Le Fanu builds on the success of his popular Sunday Telegraph newspaper column In Sickness and In Health and has examined a vast array of documented 'mystery' symptoms. This book is the result, a collection of bizarre and GP-defying Mystery Syndromes, their symptoms and possible cures. Starting with general aches and pains and then concentrating on specific parts of the body, each symptom is given a description, together with documented facts and anecdotes on the complaint. Finally a series of reader-recommended cures is suggested, alongside Dr Le Fanu's suggestions on what the real cause of the Mystery Syndrome might be. Includes minor complaints and more serious ones, so whether you suffer from burning feet in bed, palpitations on waking or sneeze continuously whenever you pick up a magazine, your mystery syndrome may well find its cure here.
Introducing the reader to politics, Danziger's rich, comparative perspective illuminates how politics works in countries across the world. Politics and Knowledge; Political Beliefs; Political Actions; Influences on Beliefs and Actions; States and Nations; Political Institutions; Political Economy; Politics and Knowledge; Change and Political Development; Political Violence; Politics Between States; The More Developed Countries; The Developing Countries; How to Do Political Analysis. Anyone interested in understanding how government and politics works across the world.
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