George Gamow, the famous cosmologist and nuclear physicist, conjectured that the Universe may be rotating and this may be the cause of galaxy rotation.The author models a complex rotational configuration for the Universe demonstrating that such a spin configuration would have impacted directly on how the Universe developed and behaved.From first principles and using basic concepts in school physics, a young spinning ellipsoidal Universe is modelled to determine possible behavioural characteristics. This demonstrates that a spinning Universe could, indeed, not only offer a perfect explanation for the formation of spinning galaxies, but also for the separation of matter and antimatter in the aftermath of the Big Bang. An examination of some circumstantial scientific information offers supporting evidence for an hypothesis that the Universe has indeed complex spin characteristics.This book contains a very mechanical perspective. It is primarily intended for a young student audience interested in science, such as school or college going, aspiring young scientists. Adults may also be intrigued by the simple perspectives portrayed of the Universe.Readers are re-introduced to rudimentary concepts in physics in an easily readable manner. Many illustrations are used in the explanation of concepts. From a simple conjecture that the Universe was ellipsoidal and spinning, a fascinating picture is developed of such a Universe. A wide variety of basic concepts and principles from mathematics and physics are drawn upon to develop the conjectured behaviour of a Universe containing both matter and antimatter, and the possible consequences. The author is a Cambridge alumnus, and is a Chartered Engineer, and has worked for many years as a practising mechanical engineer.
The Universe is a Machine is in the form of a treatise, and explores the ‘smoking gun’ clue that a distinct mechanical process was present in the aftermath of the Big Bang, superimposed on the thermodynamic and nuclear processes associated with the evolution of the early Universe. This conjecture challenges the current scientific orthodoxy that antimatter was completely destroyed in the aftermath of the Big Bang. The clues for this conjecture are contained within the cosmic microwave background radiation echo left over from the Big Bang. A novel solution is proposed for what happened to all the antimatter, why it is still extant within the Universe, and why its presence has never been detected. The very profound deduced consequences of this are also explored, revealing new perspectives on aspects of the early Universe, including inflation, conditions surrounding primordial nuclear fusion, the formation of the first spinning galaxies or superstars, the formation of a cold dark zone, the formation of black holes in the centre of galaxies, the conundrum of dark matter, and a possible future doomsday scenario for the fate of the Universe. The Universe is a Machine may offer food for thought for some physicists who claim that aspects of physics are currently in a cul-de-sac and that a totally new perspective may be required. The perspectives contained in this book may be the first step out of that cul-de-sac. This innovative new book will appeal to scientists and engineers who have an interest in cosmology. It assumes prior knowledge of fundamental concepts in mechanics and physics, and a familiarity with elementary differential and integral calculus is required for the appendices. Explanatory illustrations are included.
This book seeks to understand the complex ways in which the Foreign Office adapted to the rise of identity politics in Britain as it administered British foreign policy during the Cold War and the end of the British Empire. After the Second World War, cultural changes in British society forced a reconsideration of erstwhile diplomatic archetypes, as restricting recruitment to white, heterosexual, upper- or middle-class men gradually became less socially acceptable and less politically expedient. After the advent of the tripartite school system and then mass university education, the Foreign Office had to consider recruiting candidates who were qualified but had not been ‘socialized’ in the public schools and Oxbridge. Similarly, the passage of the 1948 Nationality Act technically meant nonwhites were eligible to join. The rise of the gay rights movement and postwar women’s liberation both generated further, unique dilemmas for Foreign Office recruiters. Diplomatic Identity in Postwar Britain seeks to destabilize concepts like 'talent', 'merit', 'equality' and 'representation', arguing that these were contested ideas that were subject to political and cultural renegotiation and revision throughout the period in question.
Wave after wave of political and economic refugees poured out of Vietnam beginning in the late 1970s, overwhelming the resources available to receive them. Squalid conditions prevailed in detention centers and camps in Hong Kong and throughout Southeast Asia, where many refugees spent years languishing in poverty, neglect, and abuse while supposedly being protected by an international consortium of caregivers. Voices from the Camps tells the story of the most vulnerable of these refugees: children alone, either orphaned or separated from their families. Combining anthropology and social work with advocacy for unaccompanied children everywhere, James M. Freeman and Nguyen Dinh Huu present the voices and experiences of Vietnamese refugee children neglected and abused by the system intended to help them. Authorities in countries of first asylum, faced with thousands upon thousands of increasingly frightened, despairing, and angry people, needed to determine on a case-by-case basis whether they should be sent back to Vietnam or be certified as legitimate refugees and allowed to proceed to countries of resettlement. The international community, led by UNHCR, devised a well-intentioned screening system. Unfortunately, as Freeman and Nguyen demonstrate, it failed unaccompanied children. The hardships these children endured are disturbing, but more disturbing is the story of how the governments and agencies that set out to care for them eventually became the children�s tormenters. When Vietnam, after years of refusing to readmit illegal emigrants, reversed its policy, the international community began doing everything it could to force them back to Vietnam. Cutting rations, closing schools, separating children from older relations and other caregivers, relocating them in order to destroy any sense of stability--the authorities employed coercion and effective abuse with distressing ease, all in the name of the �best interests� of the children. While some children eventually managed to construct a decent life in Vietnam or elsewhere, including the United States, all have been scarred by their refugee experience and most are still struggling with the legacy. Freeman and Nguyen�s presentation and analysis of this sobering chapter in recent history is a cautionary tale and a call to action.
This text seeks to make sociology come alive as a vital and exciting field, to relate principles to real-world circumstances, and to attune students to the dynamic processes of the rapidly changing contemporary society.
Natives who change residence do not settle in the same places as immigrants. Separate Destinations argues that these distinct mobility patterns, coupled with record levels of immigration from impoverished third world nations, are balkanizing the American electorate. James G. Gimpel examines the consequences of different patterns of movement and settlement on the politics of the communities in which these different groups settle. Newer immigrants are con-strained by a lack of education, money, English literacy, and information--and frequently by discrimination--to live in areas of coethnic settlement. Domestic, native-born migrants--predominantly Caucasian--free of discrimination and possessing more money and information, move where they wish, often to communities where immigrants are not welcome or cannot afford to live. Strong evidence suggests that spatially isolated immigrants are slower to naturalize and get involved in politics than domestic migrants. Gimpel looks closely at states with very different patterns of migration and immigration: California, Colorado, Kansas, Kentucky, Florida, Pennsylvania, and New York. In these states, Gimpel shows the impact of population mobility on party registration, party votes, and voter turnout and asks whether population changes have changed the dominant party in a state or produced a political reaction from natives. Separate Destinations contains a number of thematic maps detailing the settlement patterns of internal migrants and immigrants for both counties and census tracts. Blending insights from a number of social science disciplines, including economics, demography, sociology, political science, and anthropology, this book will be of interest to a wide and diverse readership of scholars, students, and policymakers. James G. Gimpel is Associate Professor of Government, University of Maryland.
Not every soldier gets to be a hero." James Marc Ivimey served for 10 years in the British Army, like thousands of others before and since. He enjoyed his time immensely, but there were tears of joy and pain, and of course tedious boredom.Dog Stags & NAAFI Growlers recalls real and vivid stories; the highs and the lows of the day-to-day teeth and bones of barrack-room life. Ivimey provides a unique insight into what it was like to be a rank-and-file soldier in the 80s and 90s, focusing on three of his most memorable postings: Hong Kong, Belize and Northern Ireland. Hong Kong was a dream first posting as a fresh, green solder on his first trip abroad. He patrolled the Chinese borders by day, and hit the town hard at night. Serving time in a Chinese prison hadn’t been in the script – nor was being left behind as the regiment prepared to go home. Belize was the picture-postcard pretty posting from hell. With too much time on their hands, troops got handy with one another and even fell foul of local gangsters. The accounts from Northern Ireland are fresh and raw emotions, recorded by Ivimey immediately after events that occurred. As the lads slept, he wrote down where they had been, the IRA players they’d seen and what they managed to get away with on patrol. Against the background of the Army, Ivimey was also growing up. He negotiated trouble with girlfriends along the way, but had the kind of adventures all young men dream of. His account is a gritty, honest read that will appeal to fans of war stories and memoirs alongside those with a military background.
Memory has fueled merciless, violent strife, and it has been at the core of reconciliation and reconstruction. It has been used to justify great crimes, and yet it is central to the pursuit of justice. In these and more everyday ways, we live surrounded by memory, individual and social: in our habits, our names, the places where we live, street names, libraries, archives, and our citizenship, institutions, and laws. Still, we wonder what to make of memory and its gifts, though sometimes we are hardly even certain that they are gifts. Of the many chambers in this vast palace, I mean to ask particularly after the place of memory in politics, in the identity of political communities, and in their practices of doing justice."—from the Preface W. James Booth seeks to understand the place of memory in the identity, ethics, and practices of justice of political communities. Identity is, he believes, a particular kind of continuity across time, one central to the possibility of agency and responsibility, and memory plays a central role in grounding that continuity. Memory-identity takes two forms: a habitlike form, the deep presence of the past that is part of a life-led-in-common; and a more fragile, vulnerable form in which memory struggles to preserve identity through time—notably in bearing witness—a form of memory work deeply bound up with the identity of political communities. Booth argues that memory holds a defining place in determining how justice is administered. Memory is tied to the very possibility of an ethical community, one responsible for its own past, able to make commitments for the future, and driven to seek justice. "Underneath (and motivating) the politics of memory, understood as contests over the writing of history, over memorials, museums, and canons," he writes, "there lies an intertwining of memory, identity, and justice." Communities of Memory both argues for and maps out that intertwining.
In the wake of Vladimir Lenin’s death in 1924, various protagonists grappled to become his successor, but it was not until 1928 that Joseph Stalin emerged as leader of the Russian Marxists’ Bolshevik wing. Surrounded by an increasingly hostile capitalist world, Stalin reasoned that Soviet Russia had to industrialize in order to survive and prosper. But domestic capital was scarce, so the country’s minerals, timber, and grain were sold abroad for hard currency for funding the development of heavy industry. Claiming total control of agricultural management and production, Stalin implemented the collectivization of farming, consolidating small peasant holdings into large collective farms and controlling their output. The program was economically successful, but it came at a high social cost as the state encountered intense resistance, and between 1928 and 1934 collectivization led to the deaths of at least ten million people from starvation and associated diseases. Hungry and Starving elicits the voices of both the culprits and the victims at the centre of this horrific process. Through primary accounts of collectivization as well as the eyewitness observations of ambassadors, reporters, tourists, fellow travellers, Russian emigrés, tsarist officials, aristocrats, scientists, and technical specialists, James Gibson engages the crucial notions and actors in the academic discourse of the period. He finds that the famine lasted longer than is commonly supposed, that it took place on a national rather than a regional scale, and that while the famine was entirely man-made – the result of the ruthless manner in which collectivization was executed and enforced – it was neither deliberate nor ethnically motivated, given that it was not in the Soviet state’s economic or political interest to engage in genocide. Highlighting the experiences of life and death under Stalin’s ruthless regime, Hungry and Starving offers a broader understanding of the Great Soviet Famine.
Ranking Faiths: Religious Stratification in America discusses how religion shapes access to power, privilege, and prestige in the U.S., both historically and today. James D. Davidson and Ralph E. Pyle dispel the idea that the U.S. was founded on the principle of religious equality for all, documenting how religion has been a factor in the allocation of power from the colonial period through the present. From the time of the earliest settlements in America through today, the book demonstrates that some religious groups have had more access to economic, political, and social rewards than others, and they have benefited from laws and customs that have maintained religious inequality over time. While a few religious groups, such as Catholics and Jews, have experienced significant upward mobility over time, the social status of most has remained remarkably static over time. The book shows how religious inequalities developed, highlight where they remain in society today, and discuss what Americans can and should do about it.
Opening the way for a reexamination of Matthew Arnold's unique contributions to ethical criticism, James Walter Caufield emphasizes the central role of philosophical pessimism in Arnold's master tropes of "culture" and "conduct." Caufield uses Arnold's ethics as a lens through which to view key literary and cultural movements of the past 150 years, demonstrating that Arnoldian conduct is grounded in a Victorian ethic of "renouncement," a form of altruism that wholly informs both Arnold's poetry and prose and sets him apart from the many nineteenth-century public moralists. Arnold's thought is situated within a cultural and philosophical context that shows the continuing relevance of "renouncement" to much contemporary ethical reflection, from the political kenosis of Giorgio Agamben and the pensiero debole of Gianni Vattimo, to the ethical criticism of Wayne C. Booth and Martha Nussbaum. In refocusing attention on Arnold's place within the broad history of critical and social thought, Caufield returns the poet and critic to his proper place as a founding father of modern cultural criticism.
An informative documentary directed toward readers who want to learn about what it takes to write, test, document, and support a commercial-grade application. The authors give a behind-the-scenes look at the software development process used by two of the industry's most innovative organizations--Borland International and Peter Norton Computing.
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