This book covers the topic of history and the role that it played in the Austrio-British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein’s thought. The topic is explored from multiple angles, both chronologically and thematically. Reviewing Wittgenstein’s two magnum opera - the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921) and Philosophical Investigations (1952), this work is an investigation into an under-acknowledged element in Wittgenstein’s thought, one which in many cases acted as an impetus for that life-long process of novel philosophical reflection: History. This volume traces the evolution of Wittgenstein’s thoughts on time and temporality from the Tractatus, through the Investigations, into some key post-Investigations remarks and also examines the motivations behind Wittgenstein’s post-Tractarian return to philosophy and, in particular, the unique methodology he developed in order to serve his renewed purpose. The final chapter seeks to answer the question, What was Wittgenstein trying to achieve with Philosophical Investigations? This book is of interest to philosophers.
Proper Words in Proper Places: Dialectical Explication and English Literary History explores how literary history intertwines cultural, political, philosophical, religious, and commercial influences with literary production to create new ways of reading, meaning, and understanding. The text provides a delightful and surprising mix of canonical and non-canonical texts that merge many genres and literary allusions to highlight the complexities of literary historiography. Simultaneously, Proper Words in Proper Places digests the challenges of literary history and prepares readers to formulate for themselves the multiplicity of its nature and function. Drawing from texts published between 1670 and 1920, Robert J. Merrett demonstrates how the mixing and involvement of literary forms with such influences as painting, music, theatre, natural history, and notions of civility and spirituality erode simplistic ideas about the nature of narrative. His keen analysis of the traditional and experimental rhetoric of the texts serves to illustrate the double vision of the humanities and shows how the liberal arts enlighten contemporary moral issues. Additionally, the chapters probe, through their diverse models of reading, how mixed literary genres oblige us to create textual memories as our readings unfold. Merrett’s linguistic and contextual analyses heighten cognitive, psychological, and aesthetic processes, thereby demonstrating that poems, plays, novels, and other literary forms mix lexical registers and interdisciplinary discourses to counter literal-mindedness. Proper Words in Proper Places is a unique work, unsettling notions of periodicity, promoting interdisciplinarity, and countering educational indifference toward literary and aesthetic cultures. Its explanations of the diversity of literary historiography could easily inform new design models for survey courses and help prepare those about to enter teaching professions, who are expected to be familiar with the philosophical and contextual problems that motivate literary texts. It promises stimulating and thought-provoking study and invites readers to develop a sense of how literature operates as a system based on philosophical contraries and logical paradoxes.
In 1999, England slumped to a new low in their tumultuous cricket history. Defeat at home by a mediocre New Zealand team saw them fall to the bottom of the world Test rankings, below even Zimbabwe. Yet only just over a decade later, England reached the top. It was a remarkable and profound transformation, brought about largely by two men with an insatiable desire to succeed, Duncan Fletcher and Andy Flower. In The Plan, Steve James tells the story of the renaissance of English cricket from a unique perspective. As the former batting partner of ECB managing director Hugh Morris, a player under Fletcher at Glamorgan and Flower's closest confidant in the press corps, James is the perfect analyst of this period in cricket history. From crucial choices of captain to innovative coaching and a complete overhaul of training and preparation for matches, it is the tale of a refusal to be second best. And in examining Fletcher and Flower's background in Zimbabwe, where James himself played, he uncovers the continental shift behind the turnaround. It is the story of how English steel was melded with African fire to create the most potent combination in world cricket.
Although there were no self-avowed British atheists before the 1780s, authors including Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, Sarah Fielding, Phebe Gibbes, and William Cowper worried extensively about atheism's dystopian possibilities, and routinely represented atheists as being beyond the pale of human sympathy. Challenging traditional formulations of secularization that equate modernity with unbelief, Reeves reveals how reactions against atheism rather helped sustain various forms of religious belief throughout the Age of Enlightenment. He demonstrates that hostility to unbelief likewise produced various forms of religious ecumenicalism, with authors depicting non-Christian theists from around Britain's emerging empire as sympathetic allies in the fight against irreligion. Godless Fictions in the Eighteenth Century traces a literary history of atheism in eighteenth-century Britain for the first time, revealing a relationship between atheism and secularization far more fraught than has previously been supposed.
This is an impressive and lucid survey of eighteenth-century intellectual life, providing a real sense of the complexity of the age and of the cultural and intellectual climate in which imaginative literature flourished. It reflects on some of the dominant themes of the period, arguing against such labels as 'Augustan Age', 'Age of Enlightenment' and 'Age of Reason', which have been attached to the eighteenth-century by critics and historians.
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