Particularly timely in light of the recent Mexican peso crisis, Mobile Capital and Latin American Development examines the causes, consequences, and implications of the Latin American capital flight of the 1980s. It addresses the increasingly mobile and privatized nature of international capital and its power to shape economic policy in those countries. Through a comparison of the policy experiences of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela, James E. Mahon finds that those countries that suffered the most capital flight had previously faced fewer structural trade problems and had not reoriented their exchange policies to diversify exports and deal with exchange-market instability. Since the countries that stumbled worst into capital flight before the debt crisis were later among the most aggressive neoliberal reformers, Mahon discusses the ways in which overseas capital served as a kind of pressure for free-market reform. Finally, the idea that internationally mobile capital now can operate as a kind of senate--an arm of the wealthy few, guarding the established order against the arbitrary, dangerous tendencies of the executive and popular chamber--is examined with relation to theories of dependency and the institutionalization of democracy.
In November 2012, publicly worried about a large fiscal deficit, the new government of President Danilo Medina passed a tax reform. The move was preceded by technical discussions with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), consultations with various social and economic interests, and the convocation, for just over two weeks, of the new Economic and Social Council. Many factors pointed to the success of a major reform. The President's party, the Dominican Liberation Party (Partido de la Liberación Dominicana, pld), enjoyed an overwhelming majority in the Senate, and (along with its allies) a clear majority in the House of Representatives. The 2030 National Development Strategy, publicly discussed at length during the period 2010-11 and signed into law on the first day of 2012 by the previous government, also of the PLD, had set fiscal revenue levels above those recorded in 2011-12. However, despite the obvious need, the international support, the fresh mandate of the President, and the undisputed control of almost all the formal seats of power in the country, the reform was rightly called "half of a reform," or even "a missed opportunity." Why? Is another large reform possible in the coming years? This paper attempts to answer these questions through an analysis of the political economy of the tax reforms, with reference to Dominican history as well as to the regional context. Finally, the paper focuses on the relationship between the executive and the interests of the private sector, and its possible mediation through the political parties and, as was done too hastily in October 2012, civil society forums such as the CES. The first part outlines the major tax reforms that took place in the Dominican Republic between its democratic opening in 1978 and the 2012 efforts, along with the political and economic conditions in each case, with a special focus on the 1992 reform. Next, the document describes the rigidities that accumulated during that period, which were the legacy of crisis, international commitments, and the goals of the ambitious tax revenue goals of the National Development Strategy. The second and longest section describes the regional debate on tax policy and redistribution, while showing how the Dominican Republic is situated in this scenario, with statistics on the fiscal performance of the Dominican Republic and other Caribbean and Central American countries. From there, with the ground prepared, the paper narrates the process of the 2012 reform and investigates the question posed above by comparing different episodes of fiscal reform. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and possibilities for future reforms, from narrow technical ones to those that would involve a broad and reciprocal process, with a focus on the role that could be played by fiscal pacts.
James W. Davis critically examines central claims and assumptions made by proponents of the scientific method in general, as well as the specific problems confronting the social sciences in particular, developing a middle ground between the uncritical application of the scientific method in pursuit of empirical truths and the postmodernist assertion that there is no foundation upon which to build an edifice of social science.
Why is the law failing to protect pregnant workers and parents from detrimental treatment in the workplace? This theoretically informed book, which draws on the findings of a large scale, Nuffield Foundation funded, study of pregnancy-related workplace disputes, explores the legal regulation of pregnancy and parenting in the labour market. Using an epistemology that draws primarily on critical feminist debates, theories and critiques, the book adopts a necessarily female standpoint and seeks to answer why, despite positive policy ambitions and ample legislation, law is failing to protect pregnant workers and parents. Whilst sensitive to the limits of law’s ability to bring about social change, the book asks whether it is the direction of current policies that need attention, or the substance of the legislation that is flawed. Is it the application of the law in courts and tribunals that fails working families or the mechanics of the employment dispute resolution and tribunal system that needs adjusting? This book will interest academics, students and practitioners of law and social policy interested in employment law and discrimination.
Offering unparalleled coverage of infectious diseases in children and adolescents, Feigin & Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 8th Edition, continues to provide the information you need on epidemiology, public health, preventive medicine, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and much more. This extensively revised edition by Drs. James Cherry, Gail J. Demmler-Harrison, Sheldon L. Kaplan, William J. Steinbach, and Peter J. Hotez, offers a brand-new full-color design, new color images, new guidelines, and new content, reflecting today's more aggressive infectious and resistant strains as well as emerging and re-emerging diseases - Discusses infectious diseases according to organ system, as well as individually by microorganisms, placing emphasis on the clinical manifestations that may be related to the organism causing the disease. - Provides detailed information regarding the best means to establish a diagnosis, explicit recommendations for therapy, and the most appropriate uses of diagnostic imaging. - Features expanded information on infections in the compromised host; immunomodulating agents and their potential use in the treatment of infectious diseases; and Ebola virus. - Contains hundreds of new color images throughout, as well as new guidelines, new resistance epidemiology, and new Global Health Milestones. - Includes new chapters on Zika virus and Guillain-Barré syndrome. - Expert ConsultTM eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Particularly timely in light of the recent Mexican peso crisis, Mobile Capital and Latin American Development examines the causes, consequences, and implications of the Latin American capital flight of the 1980s. It addresses the increasingly mobile and privatized nature of international capital and its power to shape economic policy in those countries. Through a comparison of the policy experiences of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela, James E. Mahon finds that those countries that suffered the most capital flight had previously faced fewer structural trade problems and had not reoriented their exchange policies to diversify exports and deal with exchange-market instability. Since the countries that stumbled worst into capital flight before the debt crisis were later among the most aggressive neoliberal reformers, Mahon discusses the ways in which overseas capital served as a kind of pressure for free-market reform. Finally, the idea that internationally mobile capital now can operate as a kind of senate&—an arm of the wealthy few, guarding the established order against the arbitrary, dangerous tendencies of the executive and popular chamber&—is examined with relation to theories of dependency and the institutionalization of democracy.
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