Between September 2006 and December 2008, Simon Bikindi stood trial at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, accused of inciting genocide with his songs. In the early 1990s, Bikindi had been one of Rwanda's most well-known and popular figures - the country's minister for culture and its most famous and respected singer. But by the end of 1994, his songs had quite literally soundtracked a genocide. Acoustic Jurisprudence is the first detailed study of the trial that followed. It is also the first work of contemporary legal scholarship to address the many relations between law and sound, which are of much broader importance but which this trial very conspicuously raises. One half of the book addresses the Tribunal's 'sonic imagination'. How did the Tribunal conceive of Bikindi's songs for the purposes of judgment? How did it understand the role of radio and other media in their transmission? And with what consequences for Bikindi? The other half of the book is addressed to how such concerns played out in court. Bikindi's was a 'musical trial', as one judge pithily observed. Audio and audio-visual recordings of his songs were played regularly throughout. Witnesses, including Bikindi himself, frequently sang, both of their own accord and at the request of the Tribunal. Indeed, Bikindi even sang his final statement. All the while, judges, barristers, and witnesses alike spoke into microphones and listened through headphones. As a result, the Bikindi case offers an ideal opportunity to explore what this book calls the 'judicial soundscape'. Through the lens of the Bikindi trial, the book's most important innovation is to open up the field of sound to jurisprudential inquiry. Ultimately, it is an argument for a specifically acoustic jurisprudence.
James L. Meng is a retired labor relations arbitrator who was born in the mid-American steel town of Granite City, Illinois. His parents were born in Freeburg and Newton, Illinois and were active civic leaders in their community. In his formative years, James met several occasions that comprised a very interesting youth. After graduating from college, he joined the Missouri Air National Guard where he was awarded the Airman’s Medal for Valor. Afterwards he continued his education for a Master degree. He married his lovely wife, Beverly, and had two children and four grandchildren. While cleaning out his basement, he discovered several inherited boxes containing family pictures and documents. Although not a genealogist, which he says with a great deal of pride, he fortunately decided to share his information with others, both the born and unborn. This book is written to reflect the lives and personalities of real people – not just the genealogical statistics of born on date, married on date, had child one, two, three and died on this date. These were real people who realized and conquered a variety of life challenges in Germany and in their newly adopted home in America. As a nation of immigrants, we should not let their contributions be forgotten...
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