The etiology of infantile spasms/West syndrome remains unknown; the pathophysiology is poorly understood and the optimal course of treatment is controversial. The primary goal of this volume is to carefully assess all aspects of the disorder, provide the reader with a concise guide to the most effective and efficient means for establishing the diagnosis, formulating an appropriate treatment plan and assessing the outlook for long-term outcome. Infantile Spasms: Diagnosis, Management and Prognosis also aims to provide a compact and structured knowledge-base which can be used to facilitate the development of future research protocols designed to uncover the basic mechanisms underlying this disorder and lead to more effective treatment modalities.
Infantile spasms are a unique disorder of infancy and early childhood. The average age at onset of infantile spasms is 6 months and the average incidence of the disorder is approximately 0.31 per 1000 live births. Approximately one-quarter of patients will spontaneously stop having spasms within 1 year of onset. There are three main types of epileptic spasms: flexor, extensor, and mixed flexor–extensor. Spasms frequently occur in clusters and commonly occur upon arousal from sleep. The motor spasms are frequently confused with other normal and abnormal infant behaviors. Typically, the interictal EEG reveals hypsarrhythmia or one of its variants. A variety of ictal EEG patterns may be seen, the most common of which is a generalized slow-wave transient followed by an attenuation of the background activity in all regions. The primary treatment objective is to improve the EEG and stop the spasms as soon as possible and to avoid prolonged treatment durations with any form of therapy. Currently, there is no conclusive evidence that medical or surgical treatment of infantile spasms significantly alters long-term outcome. Although the pathophysiological mechanism underlying infantile spasms is unknown, several animal models of infantile spasms have been developed in recent years
This work chronicles six generations of the Hardy family, who purchased a South Carolina plantation in 1786 and farmed it for two centuries. The book also examines the natural history of the plantation and how it became one of the most valuable farms in the South.
The first guide yet produced to the amphibians and reptiles of New York State, this book includes detailed accounts of New York's 69 native species along with supporting chapters on threats, legal protections, and habitat conservation guidelines, as well as the rich folklore of New York State as it pertains to these creatures, particularly rattlesnakes.
The Buffalo Trace area - Mason, Bracken, Fleming, Robertson & Lewis counties in northeastern Kentucky, and Adams, Brown & Clermont counties in southwestern Ohio - occupies a unique place in Civil War history. On the borders of North & South, East and West, Slave & Free, Union & Confederate - emotions ran high in a conflict that became known as "The Brothers War," as families and communities chose sides. As we observe the 150th anniversary of the end of this armed conflict, it makes sense to reflect on how our ancestors thought and acted during this crucial time in our national history. Their involvement might surprise you. Over 650 contemporary articles from local and national newspapers illustrate this local history, and serve to remind us of our ancestors opinions, choices and sacrifices. 356 pages.
Learn how common medical conditions can affect the course of the dental treatment a patient receives. This updated, concise reference provides the information you need to provide appropriate dental care to any patient, regardless of existing medical conditions. Featuring vivid illustrations and well-organized tables in each chapter, this text gives you the in-depth details and the overall summaries you need to get to the root of your patients’ needs. Organization of medical conditions provides a brief overview of the basic disease process, epidemiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, and currently accepted medical therapy of each disorder. This is followed by a detailed explanation and recommendations for specific dental management. Coverage of dosages, side effects, and drug interactions with medications used in dentistry, including those used during pregnancy. Chapters focusing on major health problems in the US and other nations include, ischemic hearth disease, smoking and tobacco use cessation, sleep-related breathing disorders, sexually transmitted diseases, diabetes mellitus, and psychiatric disorders. Dental management summary table summarizes important factors for consideration in the dental management of medically compromised patients. Appendix on the therapeutic management of common oral lesions provides a quick reference to the causative factors, clinical description, currently accepted therapeutic management, and patient education regarding common oral conditions. Appendix on alternative and complementary drugs looks at herbal remedies, specifically efficacy, adverse effects/reactions, medical problems, drug interactions, and dental implications. NEW! Chapter on drug and alcohol abuse discusses the effects of marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines/methamphetamine, and alcohol, along with considerations for both medical and dental management. NEW! 2009 AAOS statement on Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Bacteremia in Patients with Joint Replacements provides recommendations to supplement practitioners in their clinical judgment regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with a joint prosthesis.
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