This comprehensive volume presents a unified framework of continuum theories. It indicates that (i) microcontinuum theories (micromorphic and micropolar theories) are natural extension of classical continuum mechanics, and (ii) classical continuum mechanics is a special case of microcontinuum theories when the deformable material point is idealized as a single mathematical point. The kinematics and basic laws are rigorously derived. Based on axiomatic approach, constitutive theory is systematically derived for various kinds of materials, ranging from Stokesian fluid to thermo-visco-elastic-plastic solid. Material force and Thermomechanical-electromagnetic coupling are introduced and discussed. Moreover, general finite element methods for large-strain thermomechanical coupling physical phenomena are systematically formulated. Also, non-classical continuum theories (Nonlocal Theory, Mechanobiology, 4D printing, Poromechanics, and Non-Self-Similar Crack Propagation) are rigorously formulated with applications and demonstrated numerically.As an advanced monograph, this unique compendium can also be used as a textbook for several graduate courses, including continuum mechanics, finite element methods, and advanced engineering science theories. Extensive problems are provided to help students to better understand the topics covered.
Electromagnetic Radiation is a graduate level book on classical electrodynamics with a strong emphasis on radiation. This book is meant to quickly and efficiently introduce students to the electromagnetic radiation science essential to a practicing physicist. While a major focus is on light and its interactions, topics in radio frequency radiation, x-rays, and beyond are also treated. Special emphasis is placed on applications, with many exercises and problems. The format of the book is designed to convey the basic concepts in a mathematically rigorous manner, but with detailed derivations routinely relegated to the accompanying side notes or end of chapter "Discussions". The book is composed of four parts: Part I is a review of basic E&M (electricity and magnetism), and presents a concise review of topics covered in the subject. Part II addresses the origins of radiation in terms of time variations of charge and current densities within the source, and presents Jefimenko's field equations as derived from retarded potentials. Part III introduces special relativity and its deep connection to Maxwell's equations, together with an introduction to relativistic field theory, as well as the relativistic treatment of radiation from an arbitrarily accelerating charge. A highlight of this part is a chapter on the still partially unresolved problem of radiation reaction on an accelerating charge. Part IV treats the practical problems of electromagnetic radiation interacting with matter, with chapters on energy transport, scattering, diffraction and finally an illuminating, application-oriented treatment of fields in confined environments.
Superstring theory and its successor, M-theory, hold promises of a deeper understanding of the Standard Model of particle physics, the unification of the four fundamental forces, the quantum theory of gravity, the mysteries of quantum black holes, Big Bang cosmology and, ultimately, their complete synthesis in a final theory of physics. This volume records the proceedings of the major annual international conference on the subject, OC Strings 2000OCO, which involved 42 talks by the world''s leading experts on string theory and M-theory. It will be of interest not only to researchers in the field but also to all those who wish to keep abreast of the latest developments and breakthroughs in this exciting area of theoretical physics. Contents: Gauge Fields, Scalars, Warped Geometry, and Strings (E Silverstein); RS Braneworlds in Type IIB Supergravity (K S Stelle); Supersymmetry in Singular Spaces and Domain Walls (R Kallosh); Overview of K -theory Applied to Strings (E Witten); N =2 Gauge-Gravity Duals (J Polchinski); The Supergravity Brane-world (J T Liu); Aspects of Collapsing Cycles (B R Greene); Covariant Quantization of the Superstring (N Berkovits); Supergravity Description of Field Theories on Curved Manifolds and a No Go Theorem (J Maldacena & C Nuez); Cosmological Breaking of Supersymmetry? (T Banks); Space-Time Uncertainty and Noncommutativity in String Theory (T Yoneya); Stable Non-BPS States and Their Holographic Duals (S Mukhi & N V Suryanarayana); Representations of Superconformal Algebras in the AdS 7/4 /CFT 6/3 Correspondence (S Ferrara & E Sokatchev); and other papers. Readership: String theorists and mathematical physicists.
Identifies over 8,000 individuals named in Jack County Mortuary Records (1891-1959), Eastland County Marriages (1874-1882), and Erath County Birth Affidavits (1877-1920).
This book provides an introduction to the underlying theory, fundamentals, and applications of EPR spectroscopy, as well as new developments in the area. Knowledge of the topics presented will allow the reader to interpret of a wide range of EPR spectra, as well as help them to apply EPR techniques to problem solving in a wide range of areas: organic, inorganic, biological, and analytical chemistry; chemical physics, geophysics, and minerology. Includes updated information on high frequency and multi-frequency EPR, pulsed microwave techniques and spectra analysis, dynamic effects, relaxation phenomena, computer-based spectra simulation, biomedical aspects of EPR, and more Equips readers with sufficient knowledge of EPR techniques to go on in their specialized area of interest Provides problem sets and concise bibliographies at the end of each chapter, plus several tutorial appendices on topics like mathematical operations, quantum mechanics of angular momentum, experimental considerations.
Basic Introduction to Bioelectromagnetics, Third Edition, is a primary source for medical technologists and life scientists seeking to understand how electromagnetic fields interact with the body, and how they are used in medical applications. Instead of the complex math commonly used when analyzing electromagnetics, this book uses graphical methods and simple equations. The third edition is updated with color graphics that show the fields in bright, clear colors. Each concept is presented with an associated discussion and application, including MRI, NMR, hyperthermia, neural stimulation, ultrasound, and cardiac pacing/defibrillation. Offering a simplified explanation of a very complex subject, this third edition provides an accessible introduction for life scientists and medical technologist on how EM fields work, what controls them, and the factors important to experimental setups and medical applications. This qualitative and illustrative book: Covers the entire frequency spectrum from direct current (DC) up through optical frequencies. Includes more than 200 illustrations, 65 in color, and 40 medical applications. Incorporates examples from real-world applications to explain concepts. Concentrates on the qualitative explanation of the key concepts, fundamental principles, and characteristic behaviors of EM fields, without complicated mathematics. Offers practical rules of thumb to understand real situations. Requires only a background in algebra, in contrast to typical EM books that require vector calculus and differential equations.
Realism is an enlightening story, a tale which enriches our experience and makes it more intelligible. Yet this wonderful picture of humanity's best efforts at knowledge has been badly bruised by numerous critics. James Robert Brown in Smoke and Mirrors fights back against figures such as Richard Rorty, Bruno Latour, Michael Ruse and Hilary Putnam who have attacked realist accounts of science. But this volume is not wholly devoted to combating Rorty and others who blow smoke in our eyes; the second half is concerned with arguing that there are some amazing ways in which science mirrors the world. The role of abstraction, abstract objects and a priori ways of getting at reality are all explored in showing how science reflects reality. Smoke and Mirrors is a defence of science and knowledge in general as well as a defence of a particular way of understanding science. It is of interest to all those who wish or need to know how science works.
This book provides an accessible yet thorough introduction to thermodynamics, crafted and class-tested over many years of teaching. Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, this book delivers clear descriptions of how to think about the mathematics and physics involved. The content has been carefully developed in consultation with a large number of instructors, teaching courses worldwide, to ensure wide applicability to modules on thermodynamics. Modern applications of thermodynamics (in physics and related areas) are included throughout—something not offered to the same degree by existing texts in the field. Features: A sophisticated approach to the subject that is suitable for advanced undergraduate students and above Modern applications of thermodynamics included throughout To be followed by volumes on statistical mechanics, which can be used in conjunction with this book on courses which cover both thermodynamics and statistical mechanics
This book provides an array of concise solutions to the wide variety of problems that are faced by postproduction artists in the post process. With an application-agnostic approach, it gives proven, step-by-step methods to solving the most frequently encountered postproduction problems. Solutions are provided for common audio, video, digital, editorial, color, timing and compositing problems.--From publisher description.
The Science and Technology of Particle Accelerators provides an accessible introduction to the field, and is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and academics, as well as professionals in national laboratories and facilities, industry, and medicine who are designing or using particle accelerators. Providing integrated coverage of accelerator science and technology, this book presents the fundamental concepts alongside detailed engineering discussions and extensive practical guidance, including many numerical examples. For each topic, the authors provide a description of the physical principles, a guide to the practical application of those principles, and a discussion of how to design the components that allow the application to be realised. Features: Written by an interdisciplinary and highly respected team of physicists and engineers from the Cockcroft Institute of Accelerator Science and Technology in the UK Accessible style, with many numerical examples Contains an extensive set of problems, with fully worked solutions available Rob Appleby is an academic member of staff at the University of Manchester, and Chief Examiner in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. Graeme Burt is an academic member of staff at the University of Lancaster, and previous Director of Education at the Cockcroft Institute. James Clarke is head of Science Division in the Accelerator Science and Technology Centre at STFC Daresbury Laboratory. Hywel Owen is an academic member of staff at the University of Manchester, and Director of Education at the Cockcroft Institute. All authors are researchers within the Cockcroft Institute of Accelerator Science and Technology and have extensive experience in the design and construction of particle accelerators, including particle colliders, synchrotron radiation sources, free electron lasers, and medical and industrial accelerator systems.
This thesis makes two important contributions to plasma physics. The first is the extension of the seminal theoretical works of Spitzer and Braginskii, which describe the basics of particle interactions in plasma, to relativistic systems. Relativistic plasmas have long been studied in high-energy astrophysics and are becoming increasingly attainable in the laboratory. The second is the design of a new class of photon–photon collider, which is the first capable of detecting the Breit–Wheeler process. Though it offers the simplest way for light to be converted into matter, the process has never been detected in the 80 years since its theoretical prediction. The experimental scheme proposed here exploits the radiation used in inertial confinement fusion experiments and could in principle be implemented in one of several current-generation facilities.
This book is an expansion on Hall Photon Theory, first presented in 1998. Recent observations by Hubble support HPT, & nothing has come about against it.
This study addresses a central theme in current philosophy: Platonism vs Naturalism and provides accounts of both approaches to mathematics, crucially discussing Quine, Maddy, Kitcher, Lakoff, Colyvan, and many others. Beginning with accounts of both approaches, Brown defends Platonism by arguing that only a Platonistic approach can account for concept acquisition in a number of special cases in the sciences. He also argues for a particular view of applied mathematics, a view that supports Platonism against Naturalist alternatives. Not only does this engaging book present the Platonist-Naturalist debate over mathematics in a comprehensive fashion, but it also sheds considerable light on non-mathematical aspects of a dispute that is central to contemporary philosophy.
Thisbookgrewoutof anongoing e?orttomodernizeColgate University’s three-term,introductory,calculus-level physicscourse. Thebookisforthe ?rst term of this course and is intended to help ?rst-year college students make a good transition from high-school physics to university physics. Thebookconcentrates onthephysicsthatexplainswhywebelievethat atoms exist and have the properties we ascribe to them. This story line, which motivates much of our professional research, has helped us limit the material presented to a more humane and more realistic amount than is presented in many beginning university physics courses. The theme of atoms also supports the presentation of more non-Newtonian topics and ideas than is customary in the ?rst term of calculus-level physics. We think it is important and desirable to introduce students sooner than usual to some of the major ideas that shape contemporary physicists’ views of the nature and behavior of matter. Here in the second decade of the twenty-?rst century such a goal seems particularly appropriate. The quantum nature of atoms and light and the mysteries associated with quantum behavior clearly interest our students. By adding and - phasizing more modern content, we seek not only to present some of the physics that engages contemporary physicists but also to attract students to take more physics. Only a few of our beginning physics students come to us sharply focused on physics or astronomy. Nearly all of them, h- ever, have taken physics in high school and found it interesting.
Physical Chemistry, A Series of Monographs: Rotational Spectra and Molecular Structure covers the energy levels and rotational transitions. This book is divided into nine chapters that evaluate the rigid asymmetric top molecules and the nuclear spin statistics for asymmetric tops. Some of the topics covered in the book are the asymmetric rotor functions; rotational transition intensities; classes of molecules; nuclear spin statistics for linear molecules and symmetric tops; and classical appearance of centrifugal and coriolis forces. Other chapters deal with the energy levels and effects of centrifugal distortion, as well as the internuclear distance and moments of inertia. The discussion then shifts to the coriolis coupling effects on rotational constants and the perturbation treatment of vibration-rotational Hamiltonian. The last chapter is devoted to the examination of origin of the quadrupole interaction. The book can provide useful information to chemists, physicists, electrical engineers, students, and researchers.
This practical introduction to linguistics is a must-have resource for all speech and language therapy students, providing you with the fundamental theory needed as a foundation for practice. Written by authors with extensive experience in both research and teaching, Introductory Linguistics for Speech and Language Practice equips you with a practical understanding of relevant linguistic concepts in the key language areas of morphology, syntax, semantics, discourse and pragmatics. Each chapter opens by explaining why the information is of relevance to the speech language therapist, and this integrated approach is emphasised via reference to relevant clinical resources. Exercises throughout each chapter also allow you to test your understanding of key principles and apply this knowledge to other areas of your study. This concise, readable guide is a core text for all undergraduate and postgraduate students of speech and language therapy, and is also ideal for qualified therapists wanting to enrich their understanding of the linguistic assessments they use in practice.
Crow Search is as serious as it is insane. It hosts a gamut of tones presented through lyrical phrasing. It is poetry best read aloud -- evoking and emphasizing these vacillating tones. On the one hand, it is personal and clearly heartfelt; on the other, overtly political and hell bent. And the midsection of this three-part collection is principally absurd in nature. The author believes Crow Search is as good as it is bad i.e. the quality, or lack thereof, of its craft. "Quality of content is not easily objectified." In effect, it attempts to make a statement of how life treats us -- at least those who would be reading an assortment of American poetry. That said, some may find it maniacal, or even self-indulgent, but at no time does it approach pedantic. If it appears in spots to be didactic and stuffy, the tone has become toneless, and the author's facetious invention has become satisfied. It is tongue-in-cheek; it is a work of fiction. There is no motive, thesis, or centerpiece. It avoids such singularity in the hope it captures a larger, more versatile tenor. It is not about a fixed perspective, but an endless journey, a search for experience, and a desire to create a lasting visual impression and verbal memory. Do not take Crow Search too seriously. The author is not about lessons, but he is about laughter and thought. It is a book long in the making, and one that took several years to compile. Keep in mind, its very unsystematic quality suggests its very intention.
Mario Molina is a world-renowned scientist who is widely recognized for his groundbreaking research on the effects of man-made chemicals on the environment. Born in Mexico City in 1943, Molina was educated at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and went on to earn his PhD in chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley. He later taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the University of California, San Diego. Molina is best known for his work on the depletion of the ozone layer, a critical component of Earth's atmosphere that helps protect us from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. In 1995, he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with two other scientists for their contributions to the understanding of the chemistry of the atmosphere. Throughout his career, Molina has been a tireless advocate for environmental protection. He has worked tirelessly to raise awareness about the dangers of pollution and climate change, and has been a vocal critic of policies that would undermine efforts to protect our planet. In addition to his scientific work, Molina has served in numerous advisory roles to governments and international organizations, and has received numerous awards and accolades for his service to the scientific community. His legacy as a pioneer in environmental science will continue to inspire future generations to work tirelessly to protect our planet for generations to come.
This book provides an accessible, yet thorough, introduction to special and general relativity, crafted and class-tested over many years of teaching. Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, this book provides clear descriptions of how to approach the mathematics and physics involved. It is also contains the latest exciting developments in the field, including dark energy, gravitational waves, and frame dragging. The table of contents has been carefully developed in consultation with a large number of instructors teaching courses worldwide, to ensure its wide applicability to modules on relativity and gravitation. Features: A clear, accessible writing style, presenting a sophisticated approach to the subject, that remains suitable for advanced undergraduate students and above Class-tested over many years To be accompanied by a partner volume on ‘Advanced Topics’ for students to further extend their learning
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