The Greek philosopher, Socrates, posed a guardian model that would protect his Athenian world, the custodes (watchmen), yet mused who would guard them but themselves. In The Republic, Plato spoke favorably about the guardians of the republic; they should be trusted to behave and perform their duties appropriately without oversight. Half a millennium later, the Roman satirist, Juvenal, proposed that men who feared their wives’ infidelity could neither trust them nor the guardians who guarded them. Similarly, James Madison opposed oppression through blind trust and, thus, conceptualized Madisonian Democracy. Quis custodiet ipsos custodies? Who will guard the guardians? In an era of conflict with America’s police and the communities they serve, today’s publicly expressed attitudes toward law enforcement often reflect Socrates’ dilemma and the concerns of Juvenal more than that of Plato’s tributes. Contemporary debates concerning the increase in violent crime and the need for fundamental changes to American policing reached a new intensity and stalemate with the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis in May 2020. Police officers shot and killed 999 people in 2019 and 1021 people in 2020 in the United States. 2020 was also one of the deadliest years for law enforcement, with 264 officers killed, the highest since 1974. In the first six months of 2021, 523 civilians were shot and killed by officers. Numerous active and former police officers face criminal charges for the January 6 United States Capitol Attack in Washington, DC, in 2021. Many current and former employees of the U.S. Border Patrol were discovered to be members of a Facebook group that posted racist and anti-immigration content. Sixty current members were found to have committed misconduct by posting “explicit and violent messages” mocking migrants and threatening lawmakers on the site. Communities are now hiring civilians to high positions in the police department’s command staff, justifying the need to improve deteriorating community relations. For the first time in its 27 years of measuring confidence in the police in the United States, Gallup found that most American adults do not trust law enforcement. This book investigates and exposes the complex challenges facing law enforcement leaders and government officials with police reform, policies and standards, police accreditation, and police legitimacy in the eyes of the community. Through informative and educational discussions with law enforcement leaders from various agencies, professional police organizations, and academic researchers, the book qualitatively evaluates individual autonomy, organizational culture, and political environments, which influence strategic decisions made on policy and reform efforts by law enforcement officials in the United States within the milieu of national police accreditation.
The Greek philosopher, Socrates, posed a guardian model that would protect his Athenian world, the custodes (watchmen), yet mused who would guard them but themselves. In The Republic, Plato spoke favorably about the guardians of the republic; they should be trusted to behave and perform their duties appropriately without oversight. Half a millennium later, the Roman satirist, Juvenal, proposed that men who feared their wives’ infidelity could neither trust them nor the guardians who guarded them. Similarly, James Madison opposed oppression through blind trust and, thus, conceptualized Madisonian Democracy. Quis custodiet ipsos custodies? Who will guard the guardians? In an era of conflict with America’s police and the communities they serve, today’s publicly expressed attitudes toward law enforcement often reflect Socrates’ dilemma and the concerns of Juvenal more than that of Plato’s tributes. Contemporary debates concerning the increase in violent crime and the need for fundamental changes to American policing reached a new intensity and stalemate with the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis in May 2020. Police officers shot and killed 999 people in 2019 and 1021 people in 2020 in the United States. 2020 was also one of the deadliest years for law enforcement, with 264 officers killed, the highest since 1974. In the first six months of 2021, 523 civilians were shot and killed by officers. Numerous active and former police officers face criminal charges for the January 6 United States Capitol Attack in Washington, DC, in 2021. Many current and former employees of the U.S. Border Patrol were discovered to be members of a Facebook group that posted racist and anti-immigration content. Sixty current members were found to have committed misconduct by posting “explicit and violent messages” mocking migrants and threatening lawmakers on the site. Communities are now hiring civilians to high positions in the police department’s command staff, justifying the need to improve deteriorating community relations. For the first time in its 27 years of measuring confidence in the police in the United States, Gallup found that most American adults do not trust law enforcement. This book investigates and exposes the complex challenges facing law enforcement leaders and government officials with police reform, policies and standards, police accreditation, and police legitimacy in the eyes of the community. Through informative and educational discussions with law enforcement leaders from various agencies, professional police organizations, and academic researchers, the book qualitatively evaluates individual autonomy, organizational culture, and political environments, which influence strategic decisions made on policy and reform efforts by law enforcement officials in the United States within the milieu of national police accreditation.
Jack Sheldon examines the German mindset at the close of 1914 when it became apparent that a quick victory was no longer a possibility. Both sides were temporarily exhausted in static positions from the Channel to the Swiss Border. In a reversal of roles, the French launched major offensives in Champagne and Artois, while the British Army, adapting to the demands of large scale continental warfare, went on the offensive in support at Neuve Chapelle, Aubers Ridge and Loos.Such was the Allied pressure that the only German offensive in 1915 was at Ypres in April using gas on a large scale for the first time.1915 was a transitional year on the Western Front with lessons being learned the hard way by both sides prior to the massive attritional battles of 1916 and 1917.Using his skill at archival research, Sheldon describes how the 1915 experience shaped the German approach to the cataclysmic battles that lay ahead, leading to the ultimate, previously unthinkable defeat of the Kaisers Germany.
First published in 2005, this book represents the first full length biography of John Phillips, one of the most remarkable and important scientists of the Victorian period. Adopting a broad chronological approach, this book not only traces the development of Phillips’ career but clarifies and highlights his role within Victorian culture, shedding light on many wider themes. It explores how Phillips’ love of science was inseparable from his need to earn a living and develop a career which could sustain him. Hence questions of power, authority, reputation and patronage were central to Phillips’ career and scientific work. Drawing on a wealth of primary sources and a rich body of recent writings on Victorian science, this biography brings together his personal story with the scientific theories and developments of the day, and fixes them firmly within the context of wider society.
This latest German Army book by Jack Sheldon covers a shorter (three week) timeframe than his earlier works. After an introductory chapter tracing the development of the Hindenburg Line, the author concentrates on German aspects of the bitterly fought battle of Cambrai from 20 November to 6 December 1917.The narrative splits easily into two parts. First the defensive battle 20 29 November followed by the counter-attack which saw the German Army regain not only most of the ground lost in the opening phase but more besides. Detailed descriptions are given of the struggle for Flesquires Ridge and the see-saw battles for key terrain, including Bourlon Wood, as the German Army rushed reinforcements to the sectors under attack before we witness the German offensive.As with his other books full use is made of primary source material from the Munich Kriegsarchiv, the Hauptstaatsarchiv in Stuttgart, regimental histories and personal accounts. Of particular interest are the controversial interventions in operational matters of Ludendorf which were sharply criticized by Crown Prince Rupprecht. But for many the most fascinating aspect will be the experiences of the front line soldiers.
John Phillips was one of the most remarkable and important scientists of the Victorian period. Orphaned at the age of seven and brought up by his uncle, he rose to hold a number of highly prestigious posts within the British academic and scientific community, despite lacking a university education. By the time of his death in 1874 he was widely regarded as one of the pioneers and champions of the science of geology, yet until now there has been no full length biography of Phillips. In rectifying this lacuna, Jack Morrell has produced a meticulous and magisterial piece of scholarship that does justice to the achievements and legacy of John Phillips. Adopting a broadly chronological approach, the book not only traces the development of Phillips's career but clarifies and highlights his role within Victorian culture, shedding light on many wider themes. It explores how Phillips' love of science was inseparable from his need to earn a living and develop a career which could sustain him. Hence questions of power, authority, reputation and patronage were central to Phillips's career and scientific work. Drawing on a wealth of primary sources and a rich body of recent writings on Victorian science, this biography provides a fascinating and compelling account of John Phillips and his legacy. Pulling together his personal story with the scientific theories and developments of the day, and fixing them firmly within the context of wider society, this biography will be vital reading for anyone with an interest in the history of British and nineteenth-century science.
In this third volume John H. Gill brings to a close his magisterial study of the 1809 war between Napoleonic France and Habsburg Austria. This final volume begins with the principal armies of both antagonists recuperating on the Danubes banks. As they prepared for the next encounter, important actions were taking place in distant theaters of war: Eugene brought his army into Hungary and won a crucial victory over Johann on the anniversary of Marengo, Prince Poniatowskis Poles outflanked another Austrian archduke along the Vistula, and future marshal Marmont drove an Austrian force out of Dalmatia to join Napoleon at Vienna. These subsidiary campaigns all set the stage for the clash that would decide the war: the titanic Battle of Wagram. Second only in scale to the three-day slaughter at Leipzig in 1813, Wagram saw more than 320,000 men and 900 guns locked in two days of fury that ended with Austrian retreat. The defeat, however, was not entirely complete and Napoleon had to force yet another major engagement on the Austrians before Charles would accept a ceasefire. This under-appreciated battle at Znaim introduced an extended armistice that finally ended with a peace treaty signed in Vienna in October. Gill makes use of an impressive array of sources to present a lively account that covers the conflict from the diplomacy of emperors to the common soldiers suffering the privations of campaigning and the horrors of battle as they attempt to carry out their duties. Enriched with uncommon illustrations, more than 40 specially prepared maps, and extraordinary order of battle detail, this work concludes an unprecedented English language study of Napoleons last victorious war.
Now available in PDF format. DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Loire Valley will lead you straight to the best attractions this region has to offer. The fully updated guide includes illustrated cutaways and floor plans and reconstructions of the must-see sights, plus street-by-street maps of key cities and towns. Detailed listings highlight the best hotels, restaurants, bars, shops, and must-visit wineries for all budgets, and insider tips reveal everything from where to find the best markets and nightspots to great attractions for children. DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Loire Valley shows you what others only tell you.
The four Cumberland County townsA[a¬aStandish, Baldwin, Sebago, and NaplesA[a¬aalong the west shore of MaineA[a¬a[s second largest freshwater body of water, Sebago Lake, form the core of the latest work by Diane and Jack Barnes: Sebago Lake: West Shore. Even at a time when the vast hinterland of Maine was plagued by raids from Native Americans allied to the French, intrepid woodsmen and settlers ventured into the rugged, primeval wilderness via the Presumpscot and Saco rivers as far as Standish. But by 1830, the Cumberland & Oxford Canal was completed, and the four towns in this volume and several others in the area were linked to Portland and beyond. For the next 40 years, the area was well served by this 17-mile canal. In 1870, the Portland & Ogdensburg Railroad reached the west shore of Sebago Lake. This gave birth to the colorful steamboat era, invited sportsmen, excursionists, and vacationers to flock to the area, and encouraged many enterprising farmers to open their doors to boarders. Hotels, however, soon replaced many of the boarding houses, and a strong tourism industry had begun in earnest. Through precious old photographs and extensive research, Sebago Lake: West Shore chronicles the time of the earliest settlement of Standish, Baldwin, Sebago, and Naples, to the grand hotel era and more recent times. These pages are replete with common and unfamiliar images that combine to regale the history of the west shore.
With over 40 million copies sold worldwide, Berlitz Pocket Guides have been long renowned for their ease of use and portability by booksellers and travelers alike. Redesigned and updated, Pocket Guides continue to provide a world of information for travel at any budget -- and still fit into a pocket. Each guide includes: -- New foreign language and cultural tips featured in sidebar columns -- Updated hotel and restaurant information, catering to a variety of budgets and tastes -- New eye-catching, modern covers -- Four-color interior design and graphics -- Color-coded quick-reference sections with lists of most frequently used phrases and expressions -- Convenient fold-out, quick-view front-cover flaps -- Maps and town plans with 3D icons of main sights -- Updated information covering amenities, transport, and emergencies -- Practical advice for leisure and business travel -- Comprehensive recommendations for shopping, sports, festivals, and nightlife
The electronic age is bringing sweeping changes to entertainment and media of all kinds, including publishing, broadcasting and film. Multimedia, the Internet and other digital media outlets for entertainment and information are being refined at a rapid rate. Media giants are merging and making big acquisitions. This book covers these exciting developments and provides profiles on hundreds of leading firms in film, radio, television, cable, new media, and publishing of all types including books, magazines and newspapers. It contains thousands of contacts for business and industry leaders, industry associations, Internet sites and other resources. You'll get in-depth profiles of nearly 400 of the world's top Entertainment & Media firms: our own unique list of companies that are the leaders in this field. Here you'll find complete profiles of the hot companies that are making news today, the largest, most successful corporations in all facets of the Entertainment and Media Business, from broadcasters to film production companies, casino operators to theme park companies, publishers of books and magazines to video game designers, and much more. Our corporate profiles include executive contacts, growth plans, financial records, address, phone, fax and much more. This innovative book offers unique information, all indexed and cross-indexed more for each firm! Our industry analysis section provides an exceptional discussion of business and market trends. The book includes statistical tables covering revenues for several industry sectors.
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