This book presents the latest trends and applications of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). It includes research and applications of the new primary ion guns. It also describes new possibilities of mass spectrometers and instrumentation development.
From the author of the award-winning White Fever, Kolyma Diaries is an excursion into one of the world's last remaining badlands, a place full of Gulag ghosts and living wrecks. All along the 2000 kilometres of the Kolyma highway, Bader is plied with vodka. He hears mesmerizing, sometimes devastating, tales of the journeys that brought his 'fellow travellers', the people who give him lifts, to this benighted land. This is a book about the descendants of prisoners eking out a living, of conmen and veterans and scrap iron dealers, of corrupt politicians and organised crime. Stories are told of sons given away, husbands who reappear after three decades, scholars who now survive by foraging for mushrooms and berries, sculptors who hoard the heads lopped off statues of Lenin, miners who dig up mass graves while looking for gold, and all the addicts, convicts, fallen heroes and even sportsmen who run away from their troubles and end up in the most remote region in Russia
Two Worlds of Drug Consumption in Late Modern Societies reports the findings of an empirical study of drug users in London, Amsterdam, Turin, Prague, Vienna and Warsaw, European cities representative of a wide range of drug problems and public policies. The innovative study reconceives the standard distinctions between 'hard-core' and 'recreational' drug users in terms of their social position. The authors argue that this is closely related to consumption patterns rather than drug choice, and reveals that 2 relatively homogenous drug worlds exist within each of the study sites. This leads to the development of diverging drug markets; a friendly market for the integrated consumer, and a highly commercialized one for the marginalized customer, where low quality goods are sold at a higher price. These findings have significant implications for academics and professionals working in health, psychology and urban studies.
Wind Energy: Societal and Human Impacts presents the theoretical basis for the various impacts of wind turbines on humans. These impacts include noise (in the audible, low-frequency and infrasound ranges), visual effects (shadow flicker and light reflections), electromagnetic fields, vibrations and oscillations from wind turbines, as well as mechanical impacts and physical risk related to turbine collapse or turbine component failure, throwing of ice or blade parts, fires, etc. Further, this book examines the legal framework, policy approaches and investment processes in the wind energy sector. It addresses the issue of siting and minimum distances between turbines and residential buildings and proposes modifications to legislation, as well as guidelines and recommendations related to environmental impact reports for wind farms, assessment of such reports, monitoring of such impacts and the performance of a post-implementation analysis.
Urinary incontinence causes discomfort and distress for millions of women, particularly those who have borne children, are postmenopausal, or have passed the age of forty. This condition can have a severe negative impact on one's quality of life, and successful treatment, while possible, is complex. Cowritten by a gynecologist and a urologist who have helped thousands of frustrated women, this new guide gives patients the information they need to understand their condition and make the right treatment decisions. Dr. Rene Genadry and Dr. Jacek L. Mostwin explain how nerves, muscles, and other anatomical factors work in concert to control the bladder and how they can be affected by pregnancy, menopause, and aging. The authors discuss the common and uncommon causes of urinary incontinence, how the condition is evaluated and diagnosed, and how it can be treated. Drs. Genadry and Mostwin walk through the various treatment options—including biofeedback and behavioral conditioning, pelvic floor exercises, medications, and surgery, as well as new and emerging therapies. They also discuss what to do if a particular treatment fails. The knowledge provided here gives the woman with urinary incontinence the power to choose treatments that meet her specific needs and preferences. Friendly, accessible, and packed with valuable information, this guide is an essential resource for women who are troubled by urinary incontinence.
Podręcznik do egzaminu B2 z języka angielskiego to e-book zawierający cały potrzebny materiał do nauki dla osób przygotowujących się do egzaminu na poziomie B2, ale także dla osób, które uczą się samodzielnie języka angielskiego. E-book zawiera słowa i zwroty niezbędne do zdania tego egzaminu poprzez naukę wg. wypróbowanej i skutecznej metody opracowanej przez autora oraz pełny przegląd gramatyki angielskiej. Podręcznik jest przystosowany do używania na komputerach i tabletach.
ENGLISH IN BUSINESS to angielsko-polski słownik i leksykon definicji z zakresu szeroko rozumianego słownictwa z dziedziny finansów, bankowości oraz terminów ekonomicznych i używanych w ubezpieczeniach. Całość liczy ponad 12 tysięcy haseł słownikowych oraz 6725 definicji opisowych. Publikacja jest także podręcznikiem dla osób uczących się Business English i jest przeznaczona na komputery i tablety.
This book deals mainly with modelling systems that change with time. The evolution equations that it describes can be found in a number of application areas, such as kinetics, fragmentation theory and mathematical biology. This will be the first self-contained account of the area.
In recent years computational intelligence has been extended by adding many other subdisciplines and this new field requires a series of challenging problems that will give it a sense of direction in order to ensure that research efforts are not wasted. This book written by top experts in computational intelligence provides such clear directions and a much-needed focus on the most important and challenging research issues.
Continuous images of ordered continua are investigated. The paper gives various properties of their monotone images and inverse limits of their inverse systems (or sequences) with monotone bonding surjections. Some factorization theorems are provided. Special attention is given to one-dimensional spaces which are continuous images of arcs and, among them, various classes of rim-finite continua. The methods of proofs include cyclic element theory, T-set approximations and null-family decompositions. The paper brings also new properties of cyclic elements and T-sets in locally connected continua, in general.
The book is focused on the developments and prospective challenging problems in the area of mind game playing (i.e. playing games that require mental skills) using Computational Intelligence (CI) methods, mainly neural networks, genetic/evolutionary programming and reinforcement learning. The majority of discussed game playing ideas were selected based on their functional similarity to human game playing. These similarities include: learning from scratch, autonomous experience-based improvement and example-based learning. The above features determine the major distinction between CI and traditional AI methods relying mostly on using effective game tree search algorithms, carefully tuned hand-crafted evaluation functions or hardware-based brute-force methods. On the other hand, it should be noted that the aim of this book is by no means to underestimate the achievements of traditional AI methods in game playing domain. On the contrary, the accomplishments of AI approaches are undisputable and speak for themselves. The goal is rather to express my belief that other alternative ways of developing mind game playing machines are possible and urgently needed.
Analytic Methods for Coagulation-Fragmentation Models is a two-volume set that provides a comprehensive exposition of the mathematical analysis of coagulation-fragmentation models. Initially, an in-depth survey of coagulation-fragmentation processes is presented, together with an account of relevant early results obtained on the associated model equations. These provide motivation for the subsequent detailed treatment of more up-to-date investigations which have led to significant theoretical developments on topics such as solvability and the long-term behaviour of solutions. To make the account as self-contained as possible, the mathematical tools that feature prominently in these modern treatments are introduced at appropriate places. The main theme of Volume I is the analysis of linear fragmentation models, with Volume II devoted to processes that involve the nonlinear contribution of coagulation. Features of Volume II: A primer on weak compactness in L 1 and dynamical systems A comprehensive theory of solvability of the coagulation-fragmentation equation by both the semigroup and weak compactness methods, including a thorough analysis of the gelation and shattering phenomena A detailed analysis of the long-term dynamics of the coagulation-fragmentation equations with a state-of-the-art discussion on self-similar solutions
This superb explication of a complex subject presents the current state of the art of the mathematical theory of symmetric functionals on random matrices. It emphasizes its connection with the statistical non-parametric estimation theory. The book provides a detailed description of the approach of symmetric function decompositions to the asymptotic theory of symmetric functionals, including the classical theory of U-statistics. It also presents applications of the theory.
It is widely accepted that the Viking Age (c. 800–1050) stimulated the development of long-distance, regional and local trade and exchange networks. The clearest archaeological evidence for these contacts is mainly in the form of silver artefacts predominantly found in hoards in Northern and Central Europe – the Baltic zone. However, beyond occasional national- or regional-level research, there have been no attempts at a historically guided comparative archaeological survey of the Baltic zone as a whole. By investigating silver hoards and the context of their deposition, Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers seeks to understand the variety of functions performed by hoards; the differences in function within regions; the hoards’ relationship with trade; and the nature and function of emporia. It also examines the extent to which the findings mesh with literary evidence and the nature of the different societies benefiting from the influx of silver in the Viking Age. Crucially, the book features a catalogue, which provides a thorough overview and update of Baltic-zone hoards. Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers is intended for use by students of, and specialists in, early medieval, Viking and Slavic history and archaeology. However, it will also be a useful teaching resource for other general courses in archaeology, anthropology and material culture, numismatics, economic history, religious studies, GIS and statistics.
Weinsäure- und Äpfelsäurederivate sind sehr nützliche Bausteine für die asymmetrische Synthese von großen organischen Molekülen. Diese sog. enantioselektiven Synthesen sind von größter Bedeutung in der Naturstoff-Forschung sowie in der Feinchemie und pharmazeutischen Industrie. Dieses Buch liefert einen genauen und umfassenden Überblick über die chemischen Eigenschaften und synthetischen Anwendungen aller Derivate der Wein- und Äpfelsäure. Ideal für alle, die auf diesem Gebiet arbeiten. Auch für Studenten! Es enthält Hunderte chemischer Reaktionen, 50 große Tabellen und 2.000 Verweise: Eine erschöpfende Behandlung von Struktur, Eigenschaften und synthetischen Anwendungen von 20 Derivatklassen der Wein- und Äpfelsäure. (02/99)
In Poland, for almost three decades, education in the field of public health has been provided in medical universities with the aim of creating an expert workforce to ensure appropriate action in this area. The book draws on the experience and knowledge of teachers associated with the School of Public Health of the Jagiellonian University – undoubtedly a leading institution in the country in this area – but experts from other centres also were invited in order to provide content of an appropriately high quality. (...) The textbook on public health, edited by professor Stanisława Golinowska, is highly recommended not only to medical university students, but also to all persons involved in health protection activities in Poland. For all interested in public health, this is must-read. Prof. Zbigniew Gaciong, MD, Medical University of Warsaw This textbook perfectly addresses the health challenges of the contemporary stage of civilization development in which public health is becoming an extremely complex and at the same time, dynamically evolving field. The scope of the textbook is clearly defined and its division into chapters and within them, into sections dedicated to specific issues, facilitates the search for the required content. The textbook also provides a wholesome understanding of public health, which covers the theoretical foundations, an overview of problems and challenges, as well as a description of the tools used both in research and in public policy at multiple levels: global, European, national and local. Prof. Andrzej M. Fal, Wrocław Medical University, President of the Polish Society of Public Health
This book focuses on particulate matter emissions produced by vehicles with combustion engines. It describes the physicochemical properties of the particulate matter, the mechanisms of its formation and its environmental impacts (including those on human beings). It discusses methods for measuring particulate mass and number, including the state-of-the-art in Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) equipment for measuring the exhaust emissions of both light and heavy-duty vehicles and buses under actual operating conditions. The book presents the authors’ latest investigations into the relations between particulate emission (mass and number) and engine operating parameters, as well as their new findings obtained through road tests performed on various types of vehicles, including those using diesel particulate filter regeneration. The book, which addresses the needs of academics and professionals alike, also discusses relevant European regulations on particulate emissions and highlights selected methods aimed at the reduction of particulate emissions from automobiles.
This book discusses recent changes in the European legislation for exhaust emissions from motor vehicles. It starts with a comprehensive explanation of both the structure and range of applicability of new regulations, such as Euro 5 and Euro 6 for light-duty vehicles and Euro VI for heavy-duty vehicles. Then it introduces the most important issues in in-service conformity and conformity of production for vehicles, describing the latest procedures for performing exhaust emissions tests under both bench and operating conditions. Subsequently, it reports on portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) and their application for assessing the emissions of gaseous and particulate matter alike, under actual operating conditions and in all transport modes. Lastly, the book presents selected findings from exhaust emissions research on engines for a variety of transport vehicles, such as light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, as well as non-road vehicles, which include farm tractors, groundwork and forest machinery, diesel locomotives, high-rail vehicles, combat vehicles and special-purpose vehicles. This work offers a valuable reference guide for researchers and professionals dealing with environmental regulations and vehicle manufacturing in the European Union.
Introduction to Forestry and Natural Resources presents a broad overview of the profession of forestry. The book details several key fields within forestry, including forest health, economics, policy, utilization, and forestry careers. Chapters deal specifically with forest products and harvesting, recreation, wildlife habitats, tree anatomy and physiology, and ethics. These topics are ideal for undergraduate introductory courses and include numerous examples (mainly graphical) and questions for students to ponder. Unlike other introductory forestry texts, which focus largely on forest ecology rather than practical forestry concepts, Introduction to Forestry and Natural Resources encompasses economic, ecological, and social aspects providing a uniquely balanced text. The wide range of experience of the contributing authors equips them especially well to identify missing content from other texts in the area and address topics currently covered in corresponding college courses. - 300 original illustrations including line art, graphs, tables and maps - Syllabus-planning assistance for adopting professors so that they can add the content to their course materials via the companion website's question-and-answer material for each chapter - Contributors are experienced textbook authors with diverse professional backgrounds in forestry
The purpose of this monograph is to show that, in the radiation regime, there exists a Hamiltonian description of the dynamics of a massless scalar field, as well as of the dynamics of the gravitational field. The authors construct such a framework extending the previous work of Kijowski and Tulczyjew. They start by reviewing some elementary facts concerning Hamiltonian dynamical systems and then describe the geometric Hamiltonian framework, adequate for both the usual asymptotically-flat-at-spatial-infinity regime and for the radiation regime. The text then gives a detailed description of the application of the new formalism to the case of the massless scalar field. Finally, the formalism is applied to the case of Einstein gravity. The Hamiltonian role of the Trautman--Bondi mass is exhibited. A Hamiltonian definition of angular momentum at null infinity is derived and analysed.
This book challenges much that has been written about the decline of sociology as a vital, essential area of inquiry into the human condition. Against this Greek chorus of woe, these papers show by example that sociology can make progress, select significant problems, and cumulate an integrated and coherent set of findings and theoretical understandings. Although the twenty papers in the book engage a wide variety of issues, they are united by their adherence to one of the most active and successful traditions in sociology, the group process tradition. Group process research programs can examine tractable problems posed by social psychological phenomena for which sociology has the best methods of study; they have the potential for a hardware-based, technological research front that discovers new phenomena; and they come closest of all approaches in sociological research to using cognitive criteria in the choice of problems and to studying immutable phenomena. The overall aim of the book is to provide models for researchers struggling to develop, construct, and integrate coherent sociological theory and knowledge. The papers are grouped around three themes: (1) the problem of theory construction in sociology, including what is meant by "theory and the methods of testing it, particularly empirical testing; (2) the extension and elaboration of existing theories of group processes, notably in the study of status, sentiment, and the comparison process; and (3) the theoretical issues at the intersection of social structures, the pattern of connection in social networks, and the process of rational choice.
Kurs języka angielskiego dla osób początkujących i średniozaawansowanych wypróbowaną i bardzo skuteczną metodą opracowaną przez autora i zawierający ok. 25 tysięcy słów i zwrotów, niezbędnych w codziennej komunikacji. Kurs jest samowystarczalny; tzn. zawiera wszelkie niezbędne słownictwo i zwroty, ich wymowę oraz objaśnienia gramatyczne.
Under free-market shock therapy, many economies of former socialist countries of Eastern Europe have declined. Why has there been so much stagnation, inflation, and de-industrialization, and what can be done to produce a turnaround? This book addresses these questions in revealing detail.
The mental suffering and agony, the ruined lives, the broken homes and hearts, the desolation and yearning and despair – who can measure the cost of crime? Eugene Smith, 1901 The anxiety people feel towards another people – the fear of crime – lies at the foundations of human society. The enormous burden that crime imposes on societies calls for ef?cient social arrangements and institutions. While intuitively obvious, the exact scope of this burden for a long time eluded measurement. With the emergence and development of quantitative methods in economics and statistics, the exercise of calculating costs of crime became possible, and indeed has been undertaken. The emerging ?eld of assessing costs of crime is still a controversial one, both in its methodology and applications. Many people would feel it absurd to calculate costs of crimes, particularly violent ones. What is a cost of murder, rape, or assault? Can any number meaningfully represent the villainous nature of such acts? These questions are undoubtedly good ones. In this book, I will argue that we can estimate costs of different crimes, and that such estimates are relevant for criminal law and crime policy. Notwithstanding the incommensurability of many consequences of crime, society every day makes numerous decisions how to tackle crime, and at least implicitly assesses the relative importance of the problem. Properly done costs of crime estimates make people’s evaluation more visible, and allow for more coherent public policy.
The book provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge about Clostridioides (C.) difficile (formerly known as Clostridium difficile) and Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI). The diseases caused by C. difficile range from mild diarrhea to fulminant and in some cases fatal colitis. Historically, CDI was considered mainly as a hospital-acquired problem. Today, a significant portion of CDI is community acquired. Triggered by the introduction of new antibiotics, hypervirulent and multi-drug resistant strains of C. difficile (e.g., C. difficile ribotype R027) have emerged and spread across the globe. The volume covers the microbiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors for CDI, diagnosis, clinical pictures, treatment and prophylaxis. It includes an extensive reference list that allows an easy navigation through the original research publications. Clostridioides difficile helps the reader gain a better understanding of C. difficile, the challenges that may arise and the available treatment options. Given its broad coverage and features, it will appeal to a wide readership, from gastroenterologists through general physicians, nurses, and other healthcare providers, to students.
Analytic Methods for Coagulation-Fragmentation Models is a two-volume set that provides a comprehensive exposition of the mathematical analysis of coagulation-fragmentation models. Initially, an in-depth survey of coagulation-fragmentation processes is presented, together with an account of relevant early results obtained on the associated model equations. These provide motivation for the subsequent detailed treatment of more up-to-date investigations which have led to significant theoretical developments on topics such as solvability and the long-term behaviour of solutions. To make the account as self-contained as possible, the mathematical tools that feature prominently in these modern treatments are introduced at appropriate places. The main theme of Volume I is the analysis of linear fragmentation models, with Volume II devoted to processes that involve the nonlinear contribution of coagulation. Features of Volume I: The main models of the theory together with their derivations and early methods of solution A detailed presentation of the operator theoretical methods and semigroup theory that play an essential role in the theory of fragmentation processes A comprehensive theory of fragmentation processes, including fragmentation with growth and decay in both the discrete and continuous particle size cases An analytical explanation of the `pathologies’ of the fragmentation equation, such as the shattering phase transition and non-uniqueness of solutions An analysis of the long-term dynamics of the discrete size fragmentation equation with growth
Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) brushless machines are modern electrical machines with a lot of advantageous merits over their conventional counterparts. They are increasingly used in power generation, domestic appliances, industrial drives, electric vehicles, and marine propulsion drives and many other applications. This book deals with the analysis, construction, design, optimisation, control and applications of AFPM machines. The authors present their own research results, as well as significant research contributions made by others. This monograph will be of interest to electrical engineers and other engineers involved in the design and application of AFPM brushless machine drives. It will be an important resource for researchers and graduate students in the field of electrical machine and drives.
Contrary to some opinions, electric motors are decidedly not part of an old-fashioned area of research. They are, in fact, the most popular machines of everyday life, and the number of types increase almost every year. Advances in materials engineering, power electronics, and control strategies along with energy and reliability demands continue to stimulate the development of exciting new technologies and applications. Ranking high among the most exciting of these technologies are linear synchronous motors (LSMs). Linear Synchronous Motors: Transportation and Automation Systems provides a comprehensive treatment of all types of brushless LSMs-their construction, electromagnetic effects, control, and applications. It explains the physics of hard magnetic materials, discusses permanent magnet and superconducting excitation systems, and addresses applications in factory automation and high-speed transportation systems. LSMs have better performance and higher power density than their induction counterparts, and they can operate with a larger mechanical clearance between their stationary and moving parts. Paying equal attention to the design and the applications of LSMs, Linear Synchronous Motors offers a unique opportunity to master the inner workings of LSMs, discover new research results, and keep abreast of their emerging applications. Electromechanical designers, electrical and mechanical engineers, as well as linear motor enthusiasts will welcome this broad and authoritative work to their reference collections.
From selecting sites for new hospitals, schools, and factories, to managing forests and rivers, to creating and maintaining highways and bridges, public and private organizations are often called on to make decisions on geographic questions that involve a multitude of alternatives and often conflicting evaluation criteria. This book presents a formal mechanism for dealing with these situations, capturing the information in a Geographic Information System and processing it to derive optimal recommendations for confronting these complex questions.
This book provides a theoretical and application-oriented analysis of deterministic scheduling problems in advanced planning and computer systems. The text examines scheduling problems across a range of parameters: job priority, release times, due dates, processing times, precedence constraints, resource usage and more, focusing on such topics as computer systems and supply chain management. Discussion includes single and parallel processors, flexible shops and manufacturing systems, and resource-constrained project scheduling. Many applications from industry and service operations management and case studies are described. The handbook will be useful to a broad audience, from researchers to practitioners, graduate and advanced undergraduate students.
The late 1980s saw the beginning of the PM brushless machine era, with the invention of high-energy density permanent magnets (PM) and the development of power electronics. Although induction motors are now the most popular electric motors, the impact of PM brushless machines on electromechanical drives is significant. Today, PM machines come second to induction machines. Replacement of electromagnetic field excitation systems by PMs brings the following benefits: No electrical energy is absorbed by the field excitation system and thus there are no excitation losses, causing substantial increase in efficiency Higher power density (kW/kg) and/or torque density (Nm/kg) than electromagnetic excitation Better dynamic performance than motors with electromagnetic excitation (higher magnetic flux density in the air gap) Simplification of construction and maintenance Less expensive for some types of machines Modern Permanent Magnet Electric Machines: Theory and Control serves as a textbook for undergraduate power engineering students who want to supplement and expand their knowledge in the fundamentals of magnetism, soft magnetic materials, permanent magnets (PMs), calculation of magnetic circuits with PMs, modern PM brushed DC machines and their controls, modern PM brushless DC motors and drive control, and modern PM generators. The book can help students learn more about electrical machines and can serve as a prescribed text for teaching elective undergraduate courses such as modern permanent magnet electrical machines. Since the book is written in a simple scientific language and without redundant mathematics, it can also be used by practicing engineers and managers employed in electrical machinery or electromagnetic device industries.
Co-authored by a world-renowned expert in the field, Permanent Magnet Motor Technology: Design and Applications, Second Edition demonstrates the construction of PM motor drives and supplies ready-to-implement solutions for common roadblocks. The author presents fundamental equations and calculations to determine and evaluate system performance, efficiency, and reliability; explores modern computer-aided design of PM motors, including the finite element approach; and covers how to select PM motors to meet the specific requirements of electrical drives. The numerous examples, models, and diagrams provided in each chapter give the reader a clear understanding of motor operations and characteristics.
Forest Management and Planning, Second Edition, addresses contemporary forest management planning issues, providing a concise, focused resource for those in forest management. The book is intermixed with chapters that concentrate on quantitative subjects, such as economics and linear programming, and qualitative chapters that provide discussions of important aspects of natural resource management, such as sustainability. Expanded coverage includes a case study of a closed canopy, uneven-aged forest, new forest plans from South America and Oceania, and a new chapter on scenario planning and climate change adaptation. - Helps students and early career forest managers understand the problems facing professionals in the field today - Designed to support land managers as they make complex decisions on the ecological, economic, and social impacts of forest and natural resources - Presents updated, real-life examples that are illustrated both mathematically and graphically - Includes a new chapter on scenario planning and climate change adaptation - Incorporates the newest research and forest certification standards - Offers access to a companion website with updated solutions, geographic databases, and illustrations
This will help us customize your experience to showcase the most relevant content to your age group
Please select from below
Login
Not registered?
Sign up
Already registered?
Success – Your message will goes here
We'd love to hear from you!
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.