The California Department of Health Services has established a provisional action level of 4 ug/L for perchlorate in drinking water due to its toxicity. There are 14 states in the United States that have thus far confirmed perchlorate in ground or surface waters. Ongoing research is investigating other treatment technologies for perchlorate rejection, including biological degradation, ion exchange, and activated carbon. The major objectives of this project were to: determine the removal/rejection of perchlorate (ClO4-) ion by high pressure membranes, including reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and tight ultrafiltration (UF); evaluate the effects of water quality parameters, pH, ionic strength (conductivity), and co-ions and counter-ions, on process performance; and study membrane operating conditions (e.g., recovery) on perchlorate rejection and potential scaling. Water quality is a determining factor in applying high pressure membranes to perchlorate rejection. Effective rejection of perchlorate by RO, NF, and tight UF has been demonstrated according to two rejection mechanisms: steric (size) versus electrostatic (charge) exclusion. Based on its size (hydrodynamic radius), perchlorate is selectively rejected over chloride through size exclusion; however, based on charge exclusion, sulfate is selectively rejected over perchlorate. Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2003. This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online
Inspired by F.A. Hayek’s Individualism and Economic Order, this book also stands in contrast to the themes of that work, by emphasizing that collective action works differently from the way the market works. The chapters comprise papers written by James M.Buchanan, both with and without Yoon’s co-authorship, after the publication of his Collected Work volumes. These chapters reflect the authors' thoughts on politics, seen through the lens of fiscal policy and the tragedies of the commons and anti-commons in collective action. The pathologies of democratic politics rigorously analyzed in the book prove the relevance of Buchanan's constitutionalism
This book, now in an extensively revised second edition, is a practical, user-friendly guide to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the oral mucosal and intraosseous lesions most frequently encountered in pediatric patients. For each entity, a characteristic clinical photograph is provided, the clinical appearance is concisely described, and guidance is offered on differential diagnosis and treatment options. Oral indications of systemic diseases are addressed in a separate section, and mucosal indicators of drug use, sexual abuse, and eating disorders are also identified. The book includes new chapters on cysts and psuedocysts, odontogenic tumors, non-odontogenic lesions and osseous manifestations of systemic diseases. Oral lesions are a relatively common occurrence in the pediatric population. Fortunately, most of these lesions are transient and can be diagnosed clinically; examples include aphthous ulcers, traumatic ulcers, and lesions of infectious etiology such as viral lesions and candidiasis. There are also a number of mucosal lesions, such as mucoceles and viral papillomas, that require biopsy for diagnosis and/or surgical excision for treatment. This book will assist the practitioner in diagnosing and treating both transient and persistent mucosal lesions.
This book provides an overview of the current evidence demonstrating the positive impact singing has on our physical and mental health and wellbeing. Including case studies that illustrate the power of singing, it also discusses potential barriers for singing and the strategies needed to overcome them in personal, cultural and societal contexts.
This book is a practical, user-friendly guide to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the oral mucosal lesions most frequently encountered in pediatric patients. For each entity, a characteristic clinical photograph is provided, the clinical appearance is concisely described, and guidance is offered on differential diagnosis and treatment options. Oral indications of systemic diseases are addressed in a separate section, and mucosal indicators of drug use, sexual abuse, and eating disorders are also identified. Oral lesions are a relatively common occurrence in the pediatric population. Fortunately, most of these lesions are transient and can be diagnosed clinically; examples include aphthous ulcers, traumatic ulcers, and lesions of infectious etiology such as viral lesions and candidiasis. There are also a number of mucosal lesions, such as mucoceles and viral papillomas, that require biopsy for diagnosis and/or surgical excision for treatment. This book will assist the practitioner in diagnosing and treating both transient and persistent mucosal lesions.
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