The colonial era is especially appealing in regard to economic history because it represents a study in contrasts. The economy was exceptionally dynamic in terms of population growth and geographical expansion. No major famines, epidemics, or extended wars intervened to reverse, or even slow down appreciably, the tide of vigorous economic growth. Despite this broad expansion, however, the fundamental patterns of economic behavior remained fairly constant. The members of the main occupational groups - farmers, planters, merchants, artisans, indentured servants, and slaves - performed similar functions throughout the period. In comparison with the vast number of institutional innovations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, structural change in the colonial economy evolved gradually. With the exception of the adoption of the pernicious system of black slavery, few new economic institutions and no revolutionary new technologies emerged to disrupt the stability of this remarkably affluent commercial-agricultural society. Living standards rose slowly but fairly steadily at a rate of 3 to 5 percent a decade after 1650. (Monetary sums are converted into 1980 dollars so that the figures will be relevant to modern readers.) For the most part, this book describes the economic life styles of free white society. The term "colonists" is virtually synonymous here with inhabitants of European origin. Thus, statements about very high living standards and the benefits of land ownership pertain only to whites. One chapter does focus exclusively, however, on indentured servants and slaves. This book represents the author's best judgment about the most important features of the colonial economy and their relationship to the general society and to the movement for independence. It should be a good starting point for all - undergraduate to scholar - interested in learning more about the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This popular study, lauded by professors and scholars alike, has been diligently revised to reflect the tremendous amount of new research conducted during the last decade, and now includes a totally new chapter on women in the economy. Presenting a great deal of up-to-date information in a concise and lively style, the book surveys the main aspects of the colonial economy: population and economic expansion; the six main occupational groups (family farmers, indentured servants, slaves, artisans, great planters, and merchants); women in the economy; domestic and imperial taxes; the colonial monetary system; living standards for the typical family
This work is designed as a non-chapter self-encouragement book. It embraces 21 qualities you can reflect on and use to inspire your daily life. As you engage with this book, you are encouraged to take inventory of your thoughts and put them into action. How you choose to apply these qualities can motivate you every day.
Approximately 50% of marriages end in a divorce, more than 70% of people don’t feel satisfied with their careers, and a low percentage of people achieve success with their goals. Purpose, pride, and progress, when truly understood, can help people overcome these unfortunate trends. This book, P3: Purpose – Pride – Progress, will dive below the surface and explore how purpose, pride, and progress can help you raise your bar in many aspects of life.
This encouraging book will challenge leaders to reflect on their experiences and advance their leadership to a higher level. The Principle of Moments: Unique Perspectives on Leadership consists of experiences from thirty-five years of leadership observations, successes, and failures. From these insights, readers can glean valuable leadership lessons to refine their own leadership styles.
This book is written from an educational leadership perspective. However, leaders from all genres and levels can take away many learning nuggets to implement immediately. Educational leadership can be wild, wonderful, and perfectly in-process. Incorporating and mastering the core essentials discussed in this book will help you to maneuver and balance the wild, wonderful, and perfectly in-process leadership complexities.
The demographically modest, but strategically significant, country of Tunisia has experienced profound and revolutionary change in the almost two decades since the publication of the previous edition of this volume (1997). Most dramatically, a populist uprising in 2011 ousted the entrenched dictatorship whose two heads had successively presided over the country since independence from France in 1956. As Tunisians celebrated this achievement, they inspired similar movements elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa, giving rise to an “Arab Spring” that held out hope for the introduction of transformational innovations in democratic concepts and institutions across the region. Sadly, however, powerful forces of the status quo thwarted these efforts in country after country. But in Tunisia itself, a more hopeful scenario unfolded. In the fall of 2011, elections to a constituent assembly that international observers characterized as free and fair, gave the major Islamic party a plurality of the votes and set Tunisia on a course of participatory democracy. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Tunisia contains a chronology, an introduction, an appendix, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Tunisia.
Assuming a leadership role for the first time is both exhilarating and frightening. Everyone on your team is now looking to you for direction, support, and solutions. If you are going to succeed, you need to make leadership count. This is precisely where Dr. Perkins can help you. In Make Leadership COUNT, Dr. Perkins utilizes stories to help you understand five core leadership traits you need to develop to be a dynamic, effective leader. In this informative book, Perkins leads you through the process of cultivating your leadership skills, from developing the courage and humility to lead to having a willingness to think outside the box and teach others. You will learn how to navigate potential problems and foster your team, making your every decision count. Are you ready to lead?
Using a developmental approach to the process of criticism, Making Sense of Messages serves as an introduction to rhetorical criticism for communication majors. The text employs models of criticism to offer pointed and reflective commentary on the thinking process used to apply theory to a message. This developmental/apprenticeship approach helps students understand the thinking process behind critical analysis and aids in critical writing.
The Silicon Valley venture capitalist traces his career with Hewlett-Packard, discussing his contributions to biotechnology innovations, role in protesting chairman Patricia Dunn's infamous leak investigation, and marriage to Danielle Steel.
Those who chair church boards deserve our prayers and respect. Often with little preparation or experience, they step up to lead the primary spiritual leadership team within a local congregation. When they need help, they have to search long and hard to find resources that respond to their specific questions and concerns. The Art of Kubernēsis (1 Corinthians 12:28): Leading as the Church Board Chairperson fills this gap. It takes the best ideas about chairing nonprofit boards being discussed today and carefully evaluates them. Those ideas that are compatible with biblical values and the unique nature of a church congregation contribute to this "map" for church board chairpersons. Although its primary frame of reference is congregational polity, the principles discussed can help anyone who chairs a faith-based nonprofit board.
This practical book, co-published with the National Environmental Health Association, describes the step-by-step procedures needed to avoid common pitfalls in septic system technology. Valuable in matching the septic system to the site-specific conditions, this useful book will help you install a reliable system in both suitable and difficult environments. Septic tank installers, planners, state and local regulators, civil and sanitary engineers, consulting engineers, architects, homeowners, academics, and land developers will find this publication valuable.
Those who chair church boards deserve our prayers and respect. Often with little preparation or experience, they step up to lead the primary spiritual leadership team within a local congregation. When they need help, they have to search long and hard to find resources that respond to their specific questions and concerns. The Art of Kubernēsis (1 Corinthians 12:28): Leading as the Church Board Chairperson fills this gap. It takes the best ideas about chairing nonprofit boards being discussed today and carefully evaluates them. Those ideas that are compatible with biblical values and the unique nature of a church congregation contribute to this “map” for church board chairpersons. Although its primary frame of reference is congregational polity, the principles discussed can help anyone who chairs a faith-based nonprofit board.
“Apartheid South Africa was on fire around me.” So begins the memoir of Career Foreign Service Officer Edward J. Perkins, the first black United States ambassador to South Africa. In 1986, President Ronald Reagan gave him the unparalleled assignment: dismantle apartheid without violence. As he fulfilled that assignment, Perkins was scourged by the American press, despised by the Afrikaner government, hissed at by white South African citizens, and initially boycotted by black South African revolutionaries, including Archbishop Desmond Tutu. His advice to President-elect George H. W. Bush helped modify American policy and hasten the release of Nelson Mandela and others from prison. Perkins’s up-by-your-bootstraps life took him from a cotton farm in segregated Louisiana to the white elite Foreign Service, where he became the first black officer to ascend to the top position of director general. This is the story of how one man turned the page of history.
New concepts in toxicology facilitate the use of nonmammalian vertebrate species (e.g., fish) and nonanimal models (nonvertebrates, early embryo vertebrates, or cell-based) as surrogates for mammals. We present a strategy to translate nonmammalian species data to estimate potential impact of chemicals on mammalian species based on highly conserved proteins and biological pathways linked to a defined adverse effect. Protein “targets” and pathway-level information can be mapped across species through identification of orthologs in mammals. Nonmammalian pathway data can be used to identify potential modes of action across species, establish toxicological dose-response relationships, and be used to estimate possible hazard levels of chemicals. Systems-level approaches are identified that offer unique opportunities to incorporate dynamic events such as homeostasis, effects over time, and species-specific parameters relevant to mammals. Ultimately, a pathway-centric focus enables use of alternative models to support protection of mammalian species.
In 1904, only the unimposing tomb of a local holy man occupied the site chosen by British officials for the construction of a modern seaport to facilitate the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan's expanded commerce. Built where no urban center had previously existed, Port Sudan was the quintessential colonial city, created and designed by Europeans, who organized its municipal services and devised the regulations for its day-to-day management. The advantages of a created city were clear: The colonial government did not need to accommodate an indigenous urban population with its own existing social structures, institutions, and cultural values. This study examines the efforts of Port Sudan's builders and early administrators to tailor the urban environment to their own notions of the ideal colonial city–how it should look, how it should function, and how its human components should interact. It then focuses on the inter-war period, describing how the rapid growth of Port Sudan and its harbor posed insurmountable challenges to the maintenance of this ideal. Although the Sudanese population within the city steadily increased, their exclusion from any meaningful participation in municipal affairs during these troubled years left them physically and psychologically isolated. The situation began to change after World War II, but, as the study reveals, conditions in the post-war era only compounded long-standing political, economic, and social problems in Port Sudan, ensuring that the city the Sudanese inherited in 1956 still bore the marks of its colonial origins.
This book discusses ways to improve macroeconomic policy in the context of the various macroeconomic problems of the past two decades, with the chapters having been written at various times over that period. It emphasises the need to find the best combinations of monetary policy and different forms of taxation and government outlays to achieve high employment and low inflation. There is a concluding chapter discussing the special problems that arise when inflation has become low, zero or even negative.
Discussions of macroeconomic policy often focus on changes in the budget deficit. A low budget deficit is one of the criteria for admission to the EMU. But some combinations of fiscal measures having a given effect on the budget deficit can have damaging effects on the principal macroeconomic objectives such as inflation and full employment, whereas other combinations will not. This is illustrated by using results from simulations for various OECD countries.
Drawing on practical experiences from around the world, this title shows companies how to design and implement a human resource strategy within the context of an overall business strategy for globalization.
Drawing on practical experiences from around the world, this text shows companies how to design and implement a human resource strategy within the context of an overall business strategy for globalization.
Covering theory and practice, Reward Management is an ideal textbook for postgraduate HR students, particularly those taking the CIPD Advanced level module in Strategic Reward Management Now in its fifth edition, Reward Management covers everything postgraduate HR students need to know about the topic to excel in their studies and start their careers as people professionals. It covers reward management systems, frameworks and strategies through to pay setting, pensions, benefits and non-financial reward. There is also coverage of the legal and employment relations context of reward management as well as discussion of international reward management. This new edition now includes brand new content on deferred reward, executive reward, the impact of social transformation and the wider economy on reward as well as changes to reward post the Covid-19 pandemic. The content has been fully updated throughout and now includes new discussion of sustainability and equality, diversity and inclusion and how they apply to reward management. This book is supported by examples, case studies and a range of pedagogical features such as learning objectives, self-test assessment exercises, key learning points and explore further boxes. Online resources include a lecturer manual and PowerPoint slides for every chapter.
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