As an industrial process, construction is unique. The procurement processes used to achieve the successful completion of built assets requires a different approach to that adopted in most other industries, due to the design of buildings being bespoke and the sites being geographically varied. The procurement process is central to the success of any construction project and many of the problems which impact construction projects can be traced back to the procurement phase, so a good understanding of the methods of procurement, the development of a procurement strategy and the influence it has on project success is essential for all those working in the industry. Much has changed in the global construction industry since publication of the second edition of Building Procurement, for example the increase in debt burden of many major economies, widespread adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) Technology in the industry and the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union. This new edition has been rewritten to take account of these significant developments, but at its core it continues to provide a critical examination and review of current procurement practices in the UK, continental Europe (including EU procurement procedures), China, Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa and the USA. It retains its original strong emphasis on the need for clients to establish achievable objectives which reflect the project business case and focuses on development of suitable strategies and management structures to meet those objectives in the current construction climate. Building Procurement will be essential reading for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students of construction management and practitioners working in all areas of construction management.
In the last decade, the evolution of electrochemistry away from concern with the physical chemistry of solutions to its more fruitful goal in the study of the widespread consequences of the transfer of electric charges across interphases has come to fruition. The turning of technology away from an onward rush, regardless, to progress which takes into account repercussions of techno logical activity on the environment, and the consequent need for a reduction and then termination of the injection of CO into 2 the atmosphere (greenhouse effect), together with a reckoning with air and water pollution in general, ensures a long-term need for advances in a basic knowledge of electrochemical systems, an increased technological use of which seems to arise from the environmental necessities. But a mighty change in attitude needs to spread among electro chemists (indeed, among all surface chemists) concerning the terms and level in which their field is discussed. The treatment of charge transfer reactions has often been made too vaguely, in terms, it seemed, of atom transfer, with the electron-transfer step, the essence of electrochemistry, an implied accompaniment to the transfer of ions across electrical double layers. The treatment has been in terms of classical mechanics, only tenable while inadequate questions were asked concerning the behavior of the electron in the interfacial transfer. No process demands a more exclusively quantal discussion than does electron transfer.
This handbook developed by the Project Management Institutes Program Management Office Specific Interest Group (PMOSIG) provides practical guidance to the project Management and PMO community on a variety of topics in the areas of: PMO Strategic and Tactical Management, PMO Governance, PMO Services, PMO Set-up and Execution, and PMO Performance and Maturity. It features insightful contributions from more than 20 subject matter experts, successful practitioners, distinguished authors and thought leaders with a variety of backgrounds and experiences from around the World. The authors include best practices and case studies for successfully aligning PMOs to business objectives, and delivering benefits/ROI, as well as numerous proven tools, templates, policies, procedures, standards, methodologies and processes for successfully developing, and managing PMOs and for expanding their scope of services.
This book demystifies risk analysis and enables decision makers to improve the quality of their judgements by providing more realistic information on which to base decisions. With a practical approach, minimising jargon, mathematics and academic references, the author provides practitioners with clear descriptions of the nature of risk and risk attitude. He also describes techniques of analysis and assesses their strengths and weaknesses.
In recent years, for reasons connected to the organization of the industry, technical developments, and major safety concerns, rail human factors has grown in importance at an international level. Despite its importance, however, supporting literature has been largely restricted to specialist journal publications and technical reports. Rail Human Factors addresses this imbalance by providing the first fully comprehensive overview of the area. The volume includes contributions from leading ergonomists, psychologists, sociologists, management scientists and engineers whose common theme is to investigate, understand and design for people on the railways, including staff, passengers and the general public. Every area of ergonomics/human factors is covered: physical design of work and equipment in maintenance; cognitive ergonomics in driving, signalling and control; organizational and social ergonomics in the way teams are formed, plans are made and organizations are structured and run. Topics covered include: Systems views of rail human factors Driver models and performance Train and cab design Network and train control systems, including ERTMS Signals and signal SPADS Signalling and control center design Signaller performance Control center interfaces Workload, situation awareness, team working Human error and reliability Timetabling and planning Maintenance planning and work Safety climate and safety culture Passenger comfort and behaviour Station design Public information systems Level crossings Trespass and vandalism Ergonomics standards and guidelines Human Factors integration The book is the definitive guide for all those concerned with making railways safer, more
The present collection of articles follows the arrangement used in previous volumes. Solutions are discussed first, surfaces and double layers second, electrode kinetics third, and then the applied subjects. The introduction of spectroscopic methods to electrochemistry is well exemplified by NMR studies of ionic solutions, as represented here in the detailed article by E. von Goldammer. Correspondingly, the spectroscopic approach can be applied to surfaces, and B. G. Baker has written an introduction to this topic for electrochemists from the point of view of gas phase measurements. One of the topics which begins to reach a degree of sophistica tion in electrode process chemistry is the adsorption of organic species on electrodes, and this topic is described in our volume by the well-known electrochemist M. W. Breiter. The work has much rele vance to the corresponding electrode kinetics and oxidation of organic materials. Much less sophisticated is the position in the electrochemistry of sulfide minerals, but it has seemed worthwhile to have the present record described by D. F. A. Koch; his chapter demonstrates the value of qualitative electrochemical studies in this field. The Hydrogen Economy is perhaps an example of straw fire in electrochemistry, for its great popularity beginning in 1973 reflects an interest which can hardly grow larger. However, much discussion of the Hydrogen Economy is concerned with its nonelectrochemical v vi Preface aspects and D. P. Gregory gives here the latest from the hydrogen front, with emphasis on the electrochemistry.
Management and organizational history has grown into an established field of research with competing and contrasting approaches and methods that are relevant for management and organization studies. This short-form book provides readers with expert insights on intellectual interventions in management and organization history. The authors illuminate the central ideas, works, and theorists involved in forming the link between history, management, and organization studies, particularly focusing on the debates addressing the need for a 'historic turn' in management and organizational studies. With coverage of nascent schools of thought in management historiography, such as ANTi-History, revisionist history, counter-history, rhetorical history, the Copenhagen School, microhistory, critical realist histories, alongside existing modernist and post-modernist approaches, as well as postcolonial, decolonial, and feminist critiques, the book is essential reading for scholars and students learning or exploring the role of history in management and organization studies.
There has been a surge of ANTi-History research over the last 15 years. ANTi-History brings together the most impactful efforts to develop, apply and critique ANTi-History in one comprehensive book.
This key new book synthesises Peter Buckley's work on ‘the global factory’ – the modern networked multinational enterprise. The role of interfirm networks, entrepreneurship and cooperation in the creation and management of global factories leads to a discussion of their governance, internal knowledge transfer strategies and performance, including their role in potentially combating societal failures. Emerging country multinationals are examined as a special case of global factories with a focus on Indian and Chinese multinationals, their involvement in tax havens and offshore financial centres, the performance and processes of their acquisition strategies – all seen as key aspects of globalisation.
The Theory of Intermolecular Forces sets out the mathematical techniques needed to describe and calculate intermolecular interactions in physics and chemistry, and to handle the more elaborate mathematical models used to represent them.
Ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent proteolysis is central to an incredible multitude of processes in all eukaryotes, including the cell cycle, cell growth and differentiation, embryogenesis, apoptosis, signal transduction, DNA repair, regulation of transcription and DNA replication, transmembrane transport, endocytosis, stress responses, antigen presentation and other aspects of the immune response, the functions of the nervous system including circadian rhythms, axon guidance and acquisition of memory.This book tells the story of the ubiquitin system as we currently know it: from the regulation of basic cellular processes to quality control and the pathogenetic mechanisms of disease, from X-ray crystallography of the 26S proteasome to the interaction between substrates and their ligases, to the development of mechanism-based drugs, and to target-specific aberrant processes.
Molecular simulation allows researchers unique insight into the structures and interactions at play in fluids. Since publication of the first edition of Molecular Simulation of Fluids, novel developments in theory, algorithms and computer hardware have generated enormous growth in simulation capabilities. This 2nd edition has been fully updated and expanded to highlight this recent progress, encompassing both Monte Carlo and molecular dynamic techniques, and providing details of theory, algorithms and both serial and parallel implementations. Beginning with a clear introduction and review of theoretical foundations, the book goes on to explore intermolecular potentials before discussing the calculation of molecular interactions in more detail. Monte Carlo simulation and integrators for molecular dynamics are then discussed further, followed by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics and molecular simulation of ensembles and phase equilibria. The use of object-orientation is examined in detail, with working examples coded in C++. Finally, practical parallel simulation algorithms are discussed using both MPI and GPUs, with the latter coded in CUDA. Drawing on the extensive experience of its expert author, Molecular Simulation of Fluids: Theory, Algorithms, Object-Orientation, and Parallel Computing 2nd Edition is a practical, accessible guide to this complex topic for all those currently using, or interested in using, molecular simulation to study fluids. - Fully updated and revised to reflect advances in the field, including new chapters on intermolecular potentials and parallel algorithms - Covers the application of both MPI and GPU programming to molecular simulation - Covers a wide range of simulation topics using both Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics approaches - Provides access to downloadable simulation code, including GPU code using CUDA, to encourage practice and support learning
This book sets out to answer the call for the historic turn in organization studies through the development of an alternative methodology for history, one that we call ANTi-History. In responding to that call, this book contributes generally to the broad critique of the ahistorical nature of management and organization theory, but more specifically it sets out to address the need for more historicized research and in particular, alternative ways of writing and conceptualizing history. The application and theoretical development of ANTi-History is explored through the performance of a series of histories of Pan American Airways.
Managing Corporate Impacts draws on the insights and experiences of managers from around the world to examine how companies can manage corporate impacts to co-create enduring value for business and society. Corporate impacts - the points at which businesses create or destroy value with others - extend well beyond financial impacts to include the workplace, procurement and delivery of goods and services, and shaping perceptions held about corporate behavior. This book uses simple frameworks to demonstrate why and how today's corporations co-create enduring value with multiple stakeholders simultaneously. By introducing multiplier effects and spillover effects, the frameworks move the attention of management beyond direct impacts to examine indirect impacts that create or destroy value connected to the core of the business. By purposely connecting with stakeholders through information-sharing, and effectively managing myriad impacts along supply and distribution chains, companies are poised to provide solutions and co-create value.
Have you ever had a question that keeps persisting and for which you cannot find a clear answer? Is the question seemingly so “simple” that the problem is glossed over in most resources, or skipped entirely? CRC Press/Taylor and Francis is pleased to introduce Commonly Asked Questions in Thermodynamics, the first in a new series of books that address the questions that frequently arise in today’s major scientific and technical disciplines. Designed for a wide audience, from students and researchers to practicing professionals in related areas, the books are organized in a user friendly Question & Answer format. Presented questions become increasingly specific throughout the book, with clear and concise answers, as well as illustrations, diagrams, and tables are incorporated wherever helpful. Thermodynamics is a core discipline associated with the theoretical principles and practical applications underlying almost every area of science, from nanoscale biochemical engineering to astrophysics. Highlighting chemical thermodynamics in particular, this book is written in an easy-to-understand style and provides a wealth of fundamental information, simple illustrations, and extensive references for further research and collection of specific data. Designed for an audience that ranges from undergraduate students to scientists and engineers at the forefront of research, this indispensible guide presents clear explanations for topics with wide applicability. It reflects the fact that, very often, the most common questions are also the most profound.
Third Generation EGFR Inhibitors: Overcoming EGFR Resistance and Toxicity Problems reviews current issues relating to the design of reversible and irreversible third generation EGFR inhibitors, highlighting the types of mutation responsible for resistance, and providing different chemical starting points for researchers to optimize and develop in designing the next generation of drugs. Beginning with an introduction to EGFR inhibitors and a review of inhibitors currently approved or in clinical trials, the book goes on to discuss current approaches in the development of both covalent irreversible and covalent reversible EGFR Inhibitors. In addition, mechanisms of resistance to third generation inhibitors, and discovery of fourth generation allosteric C797S inhibitors are explored before a discussion of potential future trends. This comprehensive coverage of the design and development of improved analogues to overcome the problems of resistance and toxicity associated with third generation EGFR inhibitors makes Third Generation EGFR Inhibitors a crucial resource for medicinal chemists, drug developers, and researchers investigating cancer therapeutics. - Includes full synthetic schemes of all approved and in-trial third generation inhibitors - Highlights the emergence of fourth generation EGFR inhibitors and the possibilities of them overcoming constraints of third generation compounds - Provides a structural correlation of third and fourth generation EGFR inhibitors, reviewing both their design strategies and typical anticancer activity
This is the second edition of a widely used practical guide to computer simulations of liquids. The technique uses a model for the way molecules interact, to predict how large numbers of them behave in liquid state. This essential introduction to this rapidly growing field is complete with illustrative computer code.
Over the past 20 years, the theory of groups in particular simplegroups, finite and algebraic has influenced a number of diverseareas of mathematics. Such areas include topics where groups have beentraditionally applied, such as algebraic combinatorics, finitegeometries, Galois theory and permutation groups, as well as severalmore recent developments.
Liquid crystals had a controversial discovery at the end of the 19th century but were later accepted as a 'fourth state' of matter, and finally used throughout the world in modern displays and new materials. This book explains the fascinating science in accessible terms, and puts it into social, political, and historical perspectives.
This third edition of Medicinal Chemistry of Anticancer Drugs, provides an updated resource for students and researchers from the point of view of medicinal chemistry and drug design, focusing on the mechanism of action of antitumor drugs from the molecular level, and on the relationship between chemical structure and chemical and biochemical reactivity of antitumor agents. Antitumor chemotherapy is a very active field of research, and a huge amount of information on the topic is generated every year. This new edition includes updated sections on the hot topic of cancer immunotherapy, cancer polypharmacology, multitargeted cancer therapy, medicinal chemistry of cancer diagnosis, theranostic anticancer agents, and pre-mRNA processing in cancer. Although many books are available that deal with clinical aspects of cancer chemotherapy, this book provides a unique and valuable perspective from the point of view of medicinal chemistry and drug design. It will be useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students of medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, biological chemistry, pharmacy and other health sciences. Researchers and practitioners will find a comprehensive treatment of the topic and a large number of references to reviews and the primary literature. - Provides a resource that is organized consistently based on targets and mechanisms of action from a molecular point-of-view - Focuses on the relationship between chemical structure and chemical and biochemical reactivity of antitumor agents, providing a rationalization on the action of these type of drugs and the design of new active structures - Features a large number of color figures which give information in a clear-and-concise way - Includes extensive references to review articles and primary literature - Includes updated sections on the hot topic of cancer immunotherapy, cancer polypharmacology, multitargeted cancer therapy, medicinal chemistry of cancer diagnosis, theragnostic anticancer agents, and pre-mRNA processing in cancer
COX-2 Inhibitors are newly developed drugs for inflammation that selectively block the COX-2 enzyme. Blocking this enzyme impedes the production of the chemical messengers (prostaglandins) that cause the pain and swelling of arthritis inflammation. Cox-2 inhibitors are a new class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Because they selectively block the Cox-2 enzyme and not the Cox-1 enzyme, these drugs are uniquely different from traditional NSAIDS. This book explores new research in this field.
In the new edition of this widely praised textbook, all the chapters have been revised and the authors have brought the work completely up to date by the addition of new material on numerous topics. In recent years, solid state chemistry has emerged as a very important element of mainstream chemistry and materials science. Students, teachers and researchers need to understand the chemistry of solids because of the crucial role this plays in determining the properties of materials. An understanding of solid state chemistry is also essential in materials design, and many fascinating relationships between the structure and properties of solids have been discovered by chemists. This text requires only an understanding of basic physics, chemistry and crystallography, and is enhanced with the most recent examples, case studies and references. It will be of value to advanced students and researchers studying solid state chemistry and materials science as a text and reference work.
From the Internet to networks of friendship, disease transmission, and even terrorism, the concept--and the reality--of networks has come to pervade modern society. But what exactly is a network? What different types of networks are there? Why are they interesting, and what can they tell us? In recent years, scientists from a range of fields--including mathematics, physics, computer science, sociology, and biology--have been pursuing these questions and building a new "science of networks." This book brings together for the first time a set of seminal articles representing research from across these disciplines. It is an ideal sourcebook for the key research in this fast-growing field. The book is organized into four sections, each preceded by an editors' introduction summarizing its contents and general theme. The first section sets the stage by discussing some of the historical antecedents of contemporary research in the area. From there the book moves to the empirical side of the science of networks before turning to the foundational modeling ideas that have been the focus of much subsequent activity. The book closes by taking the reader to the cutting edge of network science--the relationship between network structure and system dynamics. From network robustness to the spread of disease, this section offers a potpourri of topics on this rapidly expanding frontier of the new science.
In this volume, we have collected a series of reviews that cover both experimental and theoretical work geared toward the more exact requirements of current SFE applications. While we have artificially divided the volume into experimental and theoretical sections, natural overlaps will be apparent. Many of the papers on experimental and theoretical sections, natural overlaps will be apparent. Many of the papers on experimental technique contain discussions on equation of state correlations. Indeed, a good deal of the experimental work is intimately tied to a mathematical description of fluid mixtures. The theoretical section presents reviews that cover the modern theory of critical phenomena, methods to correlate near critical experimental results and approaches to understanding the behavior of near critical fluids from microscopic theory. It is hoped that the scope of these reviews will provide the reader with the basis to further develop our understanding of the behavior of supercritical fluids.
This handbook outlines the main methods and techniques, both modern and traditional, used to measure insect diversity. With the growing relevance of insect conservation in nature, this guide should assist students in understanding a complicated field.
Ever since Physical Chemistry was first published in 1913, it has remained a highly effective and relevant learning tool thanks to the efforts of physical chemists from all over the world. Each new edition has benefited from their suggestions and expert advice. The result of this remarkable tradition is now in your hands.
This is a book about the whole diverse range of firms that are found in the construction sector, about their decision-making and the economic environments in which they operate. The authors aim to provide a new and coherent perspective on these firms and the choices they have to make - both for their managers and for all who have a stake in these firms and their industry. This book offers some new and important perspectives for research and teaching about construction firms.
ENDOCRINOLOGY, edited by J. Larry Jameson, MD, PhD and Leslie J. De Groot, MD, has been considered the definitive source in its field for decades. Now this landmark reference has been exhaustively updated to bring you the latest clinical guidance on all aspects of diagnosis and treatment for the full range of endocrine and metabolism disorders, including new information on diabetes, obesity, MEN I and II, disorders of sex determination, and pituitary tumors. Entirely new chapters on Lipodystrophy Syndromes, Lipoprotein Metabolism, and Genetic Disorders of Phosphate Homeostasis keep you well informed on today’s hot topics. You’ll benefit from unique, global perspectives on adult and pediatric endocrinology prepared by an international team of renowned authorities. This reference is optimally designed to help you succeed in your demanding practice and ensure the best possible outcomes for every patient. Overcome virtually any clinical challenge with detailed, expert coverage of every area of endocrinology, authored by hundreds of leading luminaries in the field. Provide state-of-the-art care with comprehensive updates on diabetes, obesity, MEN I and II, disorders of sex determination, and pituitary tumors ... brand-new chapters on Lipodystrophy Syndromes, Lipoprotein Metabolism, and Genetic Disorders of Phosphate Homeostasis ... expanded coverage of sports performance, including testosterone, androgen research, and bone growth and deterioration ... and the newest discoveries in genetics and how they affect patient care. Make the best clinical decisions with an enhanced emphasis on evidence-based practice in conjunction with expert opinion. Rapidly consult with trusted authorities thanks to new expert-opinion treatment strategies and recommendations. Zero in on the most relevant and useful references with the aid of a more focused, concise bibliography. Locate information more quickly, while still getting the complete coverage you expect.
In recent years the interaction between dynamical systems theory and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics has been enormous. The discovery of fluctuation theorems as a fundamental structure common to almost all non-equilibrium systems, and the connections with the free energy calculation methods of Jarzynski and Crooks, have excited both theorists and experimentalists. This graduate-level book charts the development and theoretical analysis of molecular dynamics as applied to equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems. Designed for both researchers in the field and graduate students of physics, it connects molecular dynamics simulation with the mathematical theory to understand non-equilibrium steady states. It also provides a link between the atomic, nano, and macro worlds. The book ends with an introduction to the use of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics to justify a thermodynamic treatment of non-equilibrium steady states, and gives a direction to further avenues of exploration.
This book explores corporate environmental discourse by examining a sample of corporate environmental reports through the lens of environmental philosophy. Findings include the predominant use of a dualistic approach towards nature, which highlights the perceived ‘separateness’ of companies from the natural world. Also explored are the corporate articulations of interconnectivity and transcendence, two philosophical approaches that are also in common use in western culture. The expression of these themes reveals the discursive underpinnings of a harmful relationship with nature. Exploring the ways in which discourse informs corporate relationships with nature allows for an in-depth ‘diagnosis’ of current environmental problems. The history of environmental philosophy demonstrates how some powerful philosophical approaches have shaped the western relationship with nature over time, and continue to do so through corporate environmental reporting. Corporate Environmental Reporting: The Western Approach to Nature demonstrates how corporate reporting is used to reduce the perception of the corporate responsibility, and contributes to the erosion of broader cultural restraints against the harmful treatment of nature. As such, discourse is integral to the survival of the world which we – and other members of our biotic community – are utterly reliant on. It shows the latest state of knowledge on the topic and will be of interest both to students at an advanced level, academics and reflective practitioners. It will be of interest to researchers, academics, and students in the fields of accounting, management, environmental philosophy and sustainable management.
Wetting and Spreading Dynamics explains wetting phenomena when a liquid partially or completely wets solid or immiscible liquid surfaces. Written for both newcomers and experienced researchers in the field, the book uses principles and terminology from colloid science, fluid mechanics, and thermodynamics to solve equilibrium and dynamic prob
Coastal Conservation and Management provides the reader with a synthesis of the range and variation of the main coastal formations and includes practical guidance on their management. The book discusses all the main coastal habitats of importance for nature conservation (saltmarsh, shingle, sand dune and seacliff) as well as combinations of these habitats (estuaries and other coastal wetlands). It offers a comprehensive picture of both the soft sedimentary formations and those which are more resilient. While these habitats have all been covered elsewhere in the literature, no single volume gives such a wide-ranging account. An attempt is made throughout to provide the reader with a basic understanding of the importance and range of variation of each habitat and coastal ecosystem. The principal issues are discussed and the key management options identified. Some prescriptive suggestions are made, though for the most part, the reader is left to ponder the issues and their possible solutions.
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