An examination of the cognitive tools that the mind uses to grapple with uncertainty in the real world. How do humans navigate uncertainty, continuously making near-effortless decisions and predictions even under conditions of imperfect knowledge, high complexity, and extreme time pressure? Taming Uncertainty argues that the human mind has developed tools to grapple with uncertainty. Unlike much previous scholarship in psychology and economics, this approach is rooted in what is known about what real minds can do. Rather than reducing the human response to uncertainty to an act of juggling probabilities, the authors propose that the human cognitive system has specific tools for dealing with different forms of uncertainty. They identify three types of tools: simple heuristics, tools for information search, and tools for harnessing the wisdom of others. This set of strategies for making predictions, inferences, and decisions constitute the mind's adaptive toolbox. The authors show how these three dimensions of human decision making are integrated and they argue that the toolbox, its cognitive foundation, and the environment are in constant flux and subject to developmental change. They demonstrate that each cognitive tool can be analyzed through the concept of ecological rationality—that is, the fit between specific tools and specific environments. Chapters deal with such specific instances of decision making as food choice architecture, intertemporal choice, financial uncertainty, pedestrian navigation, and adolescent behavior.
This book discusses the subject of wave/current flow around a cylinder, the forces induced on the cylinder by the flow, and the vibration pattern of slender structures in a marine environment.The primary aim of the book is to describe the flow pattern and the resulting load which develops when waves or current meet a cylinder. Special attention is paid to circular cylinder. The development in the forces is related to the various flow patterns and is discussed in detail. Regular as well as irregular waves are considered, and special cases like wall proximities (pipelines) are also investigated.
This book discusses the subject of wave/current flow around a cylinder, the forces induced on the cylinder by the flow, and the vibration pattern of slender structures in a marine environment. The primary aim of the book is to describe the flow pattern and the resulting load which develops when waves or current meet a cylinder. Special attention is paid to circular cylinder. The development in the forces is related to the various flow patterns and is discussed in detail. Regular as well as irregular waves are considered, and special cases like wall proximities (pipelines) are also investigated. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Flow around a cylinder in steady current (1,262 KB). Contents: Flow Around a Cylinder in Steady Current; Forces on a Cylinder in Steady Current; Flow Around a Cylinder in Oscillatory Flows; Forces on a Cylinder in Regular Waves; Mathematical and Numerical Treatment of Flow Around a Cylinder; Diffraction Effect. Forces on Large Bodies; Forces on a Cylinder in Irregular Waves; Flow-Induced Vibrations of a Free Cylinder in Steady Currents; Flow-Induced Vibrations of a Free Cylinder in Waves; Vibrations of Marine Pipelines; Mathematical Modelling of Flow-Induced Vibrations. Readership: PhD and MSc students with some experience in basic fluid mechanics, and consulting companies in the areas of marine, offshore, coastal and civil engineering.
The 14th International Conference on Wear of Materials took place in Washington, DC, USA, 30 March - 3 April 2003. These proceedings contain over two-hundred peer reviewed papers containing the best research, technical developments and engineering case studies from around the world. Biomaterials and nano-tribology receive special attention in this collection reflecting the general trends in the field. Further highlights include a focus on the new generation of instrumentation to probe wear at increasingly small scales. Approximately ninety communications and case studies, a popular format for the academic community have also been included, enabling the inclusion of the most up-to-date research. Over 200 peer-reviewed papers including hot topics such as biomaterials and nano-tribology Keeping you up-to-date with the latest research from leading experts Includes communications and case studies
Because the World Matters. New generations are championing responsibility for both the environment and those peoples who depend upon it in all new ways. Biblical Holism and Agriculture addresses the urgent need for constructing a holistic perspective, grounded in the Bible, to appraise the economic, social, ecological, environmental, and spiritual impact of globalization and the unprecedented impact of powerful agricultural technologies, and marketing systems. The holistic biblical perspectives within reference ancient Hebrew insights about responsible freedom for “keeping” the land by people created in the image of God as representatives commissioned to stewardship and justice.
Volume IV (2005) covers preparation, characterization of colloids, stability and interaction between pairs of particles, and in concentrated systems, their rheology and dynamics. This volume contains two chapters written, or co-authored by J. Lyklema and edited contributions by A.P.Philipse, H.P. van Leeuwen, M. Minor, A. Vrij, R.Tuinier and T. van Vliet. The volume is logically followed by Vol V, but is equally valuable as a stand alone reference.* Combined with part V, this volume completes the prestigious series Fundamentals of Interface and Colloid Science* Together with volume V this book provides a general physical chemical background to colloid science* Covers all aspects of particle colloids
Literary Biography: An Introduction illustrates and accounts for the literary genre that merges historical facts with the conventions of narrative while revealing how the biographical context can enrich the study of canonical authors. Provides up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of issues and controversies in life writing, a rapidly growing field of study Offers a valuable biographical and historical context for the study of major classic and contemporary authors Features an interview with Wilfred Owen's biographer, Dominic Hibberd; a gallery of literary portraits with commentaries; close readings that illustrate the differences between fiction and biography; speculation about likely future developments; and detailed suggestions for further reading
Integrated Assessment of Scale Impacts of Watershed Interventions is the outcome of a multi-disciplinary research team of social scientists, hydrologists (groundwater and surface water), modellers; and bio-physical scientists who have worked together over five years to develop an integrated model of the sustainability of biophysical, economic and social impacts of watersheds. Impacts of watershed interventions are assessed at upstream, mid-stream and downstream locations of two hydrological units that are characterised with differential bio-physical attributes. The editors propose that watershed interventions, when integrated with hydro-geology and bio-physical aspects, have greater influence on the resilience of the socio-ecological system. This book takes these aspects in to consideration and in the process provides insights in to watershed design and implementation. - Integrates hydrogeology, bio-physical, and socioeconomic aspects of watersheds in a hydrological context - Provides a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of watershed interventions - Assesses the role of watershed interventions in enhancing household resilience - Provides hydrological and socio-economic methodologies for design of sustainble watershed interventions including scale and institutional arrangements for implementing and sustaining watershed interventions
A good understanding of turbulent compressible flows is essential to the design and operation of high-speed vehicles. Such flows occur, for example, in the external flow over the surfaces of supersonic aircraft, and in the internal flow through the engines. Our ability to predict the aerodynamic lift, drag, propulsion and maneuverability of high-speed vehicles is crucially dependent on our knowledge of turbulent shear layers, and our understanding of their behavior in the presence of shock waves and regions of changing pressure. Turbulent Shear Layers in Supersonic Flow provides a comprehensive introduction to the field, and helps provide a basis for future work in this area. Wherever possible we use the available experimental work, and the results from numerical simulations to illustrate and develop a physical understanding of turbulent compressible flows.
Adjudicative competence remains an important topic of research and practice in psychology and law. In the five sections of Adjudicative Competence: The MacArthur Studies, the authors present not only a summary of the research of the MacArthur studies on competence but also an examination of the underlying theoretical work of Professor Richard Bonnie. It is the first publication to encapsulate the scope and significance of both the studies themselves and Bonnie's contributions. There is no other source available that addresses this range of topics. Given its breadth and scope, this book will be a "must have" for forensic mental health professionals, an important volume for lawyers, and a vital academic reference work.
The main aim of this book is to provide a text for students, practitioners and members of the public who are engaged in the study and/or practice in the planning system of England and Wales.
In this book, expert authors describe advanced solar photon conversion approaches that promise highly efficient photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical cells with sophisticated architectures on the one hand, and plastic photovoltaic coatings that are inexpensive enough to be disposable on the other. Their leitmotifs include light-induced exciton generation, junction architectures that lead to efficient exciton dissociation, and charge collection by percolation through mesoscale phases. Photocatalysis is closely related to photoelectrochemistry, and the fundamentals of both disciplines are covered in this volume.
Particle Deposition and Aggregation: Measurement, Modelling and Simulation describes how particle deposition and aggregation can be measured, modeled, and simulated in a systematic manner. It brings together the necessary disciplines of colloid and surface chemistry, hydrodynamics, experimental methods, and computational methods to present a unified approach to this problem. The book is divided into four parts. Part I presents the theoretical principles governing deposition and aggregation phenomena, including a discussion of the forces that exist between particles and the hydrodynamic factors that control the movement of the particles and suspending fluid. Part II introduces methods for modeling the processes, first at a simple level (e.g. single particle-surface, single particle-single particle interactions in model flow conditions) and then describes the simulation protocols and computation tools which may be employed to describe more complex (multiple-particle interaction) systems. Part III summarizes the experimental methods of quantifying aggregating and depositing systems and concludes with a comparison of experimental results with those predicted using simple theoretical predictions. Part IV is largely based on illustrative examples to demonstrate the application of simulation and modeling methods to particle filtration, aggregation, and transport processes. This book should be useful to graduates working in process and environmental engineering research or industrial development at a postgraduate level, and to scientists who wish to extend their knowledge into more realistic process conditions in which the fluid hydrodynamics and other complicating factors must be accommodated.
This book provides an introduction to the theory of turbulence in fluids based on the representation of the flow by means of its vorticity field. It has long been understood that, at least in the case of incompressible flow, the vorticity representation is natural and physically transparent, yet the development of a theory of turbulence in this representation has been slow. The pioneering work of Onsager and of Joyce and Montgomery on the statistical mechanics of two-dimensional vortex systems has only recently been put on a firm mathematical footing, and the three-dimensional theory remains in parts speculative and even controversial. The first three chapters of the book contain a reasonably standard intro duction to homogeneous turbulence (the simplest case); a quick review of fluid mechanics is followed by a summary of the appropriate Fourier theory (more detailed than is customary in fluid mechanics) and by a summary of Kolmogorov's theory of the inertial range, slanted so as to dovetail with later vortex-based arguments. The possibility that the inertial spectrum is an equilibrium spectrum is raised.
When Charles Lindbergh landed at LeBourget Airfield on May 21, 1927, his transatlantic flight symbolized the new era-not only in aviation but also in American culture. The 1920s proved to be a transitional decade for the United States, shifting the nation from a production-driven economy to a consumption-based one, with adventurous citizens breaking new ground even as many others continued clinging to an outmoded status quo. In his new book, Charles Shindo reveals how one year in particular encapsulated the complexity of this transformation in American culture. Shindo's absorbing look at 1927 shatters the stereotypes of the Roaring '20s as a time of frivolity and excess, revealing instead a society torn between holding on to its glorious past while trying to navigate a brave new world. His book is a compelling and entertaining dissection of the year that has come to represent the apex of 1920s culture, combining references from popular films, music, literature, sports, and politics in a captivating look back at change in the making. As Shindo notes, while Lindbergh's flight was a defining event, there were others: The Jazz Singer, for example, brought sound to the movies, and the 15 millionth Model T rolled off of Ford's assembly line. Meanwhile, the era's supposed live-for-today frivolity was clouded by Prohibition, the revival of the Ku Klux Klan, and the execution of Sacco and Vanzetti. Such events, Shindo explains, reflected a fundamental disquiet running beneath the surface of a nation seeking to accommodate and understand a broad array of changes—from new technology to natural disasters, from women's forays into the electorate to African-Americans' migration to the urban north. Shindo, however, also notes that this was an era of celebrity. He not only examines why Lindbergh and Ford were celebrated but also considers the rise and growing popularity of the infamous, like convicted murderers Ruth Snyder and Judd Gray, and he illuminates the explosive growth of professional sports and stars like baseball's Babe Ruth. In addition, he takes a close look at cinematic heroines like Mary Pickford and the "It" girl Clara Bow to demonstrate the conflicting images of women in popular culture. Distinctive and insightful, Shindo's richly detailed analysis of 1927's key events and personalities reveals the multifaceted ways in which people actually came to grips with change and learned to embrace an increasingly modern America.
This book is well organized and comprehensive . . . an eloquent and enduring statement of significant hydrodynamic principles." — AIChE Journal Microhydrodynamics concerns the flow and related phenomena pertinent to the motion of small particles suspended in viscous fluids. This text focuses on determining the motion of a particle or particles through a viscous fluid in bounded and unbounded flow. Its central theme is the mobility relation between particle motion and forces. Microhydrodynamics: Principles and Selected Applications functions as a manual that explains methods for solving particulate flows at low-Reynolds number, from analytical to computational methods. The ever-increasing growth in computational power has resulted in a similar growth in the range of solvable problems in microhydrodynamics. Suitable for graduate students in engineering and applied mathematics, this text treats the mathematical foundations and highlights the interplay of both mathematical and physical insights, guiding readers through single particle theory and problems related to multiparticle analyses.
This volume is a study of Chinese food from a cultural and historical perspective. Its focus is on traditional China before establishment of the People's Republic. It identifies and provides comprehensive information on a broad range of Chinese food plants and animals for general readers, as well as for specialists whose interests have led them to
From the founding of the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE to the present, the Chinese have been preoccupied with the notion of ordering their world. Efforts to create and maintain order are expressed not only in China’s bureaucratic institutions and methods of social and economic organization but also in Chinese philosophy, religious and secular ritual, and comprehensive systems of classifying all natural and supernatural phenomena. Mapping China and Managing the World focuses on Chinese constructions of order (zhi) and examines the most important ways in which elites in late imperial China sought to order their vast and variegated world. This book begins by exploring the role of ancient texts and maps as the two prominent symbolic devices that the Chinese used to construct cultural meaning, and looks at how changing conceptions of ‘the world’ shaped Chinese cartography, whilst both shifting and enduring cartographic practices affected how the Chinese regarded the wider world. Richard J. Smith goes on to examine the significance of ritual in overcoming disorder, and by focusing on the importance of divination shows how Chinese at all levels of society sought to manage the future, as well as the past and the present. Finally, the book concludes by emphasizing the enduring relevance of the Yijing (Classic of Changes) in Chinese intellectual and cultural life as well as its place in the history of Sino-foreign interactions. Bringing together a selection of essays by Richard J. Smith, one of the foremost scholars of Chinese intellectual and cultural history, this book will be welcomed by Chinese and East Asian historians, as well as those interested more broadly in the culture of China and East Asia.
In the twentieth century there have been five major recessions: two in the interwar period, and three more starting 1973, 1979, and 1989. This book focuses on events in the UK, but sets them in their international context, and makes frequent comparisons with other countries.
Interfacial Separation of Particles is concerned with the processing and separation of fine solid particles in liquid solutions using interfacial technology.Interfacial separation has been finding wide application in many industrial fields, such as pigment and filler production, mineral processing, environmental protection, hydrometallurgy, bioengineering, food and beverage industry and chemical industry. This book describes all interfacial separation techniques and discusses the general and specific fundamentals of the techniques. The book intends to promote theoretical understanding and the more promising developments of interfacial separation technology whilst broadening the reader's background knowledge of industrial suspensions.* Is clearly written based on strong systematic science fundamentals* Provides comprehensive coverage on particle technology, mineral processing and water treatment* Includes practical examples from the different industrial fields
While fighting his way toward Atlanta, William T. Sherman encountered his biggest roadblock at Kennesaw Mountain, where Joseph E. Johnston's Army of Tennessee held a heavily fortified position. The opposing armies confronted each other from June 19 to July 3, 1864. Hess explains how this battle, with its combination of maneuver and combat, severely tried the patience and endurance of the common soldier and why Johnston's strategy might have been the Confederates' best chance to halt the Federal drive toward Atlanta.
Textbook on Criminal Law combines succinct focused coverage, alongside the author's respected critique and analysis of the law, judgements, and legal reform. Covering all of the topics studied on undergraduate and GDL criminal law courses the text provides the ideal balance of coverage and detail.
Criminal Law succinctly explains, analyses, and critiques the criminal law. Expanded contextual coverage ensures that students can enjoy a comprehensive understanding of this most fascinating subject.
This volume provides an overview of quarantine treatment for pests of food plants that involve heat, cold, irradiation, fumigants, modified atmospheres, and other techniques alone or in combination. The contributors discuss strategies for eliminating or reducing the need for post-harvest treatment by ensuring that commodities are free of all pests
Drawing on extensive interviews with gang members, this book provides a vivid portrayal of gang life. Topics include the profiles and motivations of gang members; the processes of gang evolution, organization, and recruitment; gang members' uses of violence, media, and technology and the role of gangs in the drugs trade and organized crime
Medical imaging is one of the heaviest funded biomedical engineering research areas. The second edition of Pattern Recognition and Signal Analysis in Medical Imaging brings sharp focus to the development of integrated systems for use in the clinical sector, enabling both imaging and the automatic assessment of the resultant data. Since the first edition, there has been tremendous development of new, powerful technologies for detecting, storing, transmitting, analyzing, and displaying medical images. Computer-aided analytical techniques, coupled with a continuing need to derive more information from medical images, has led to a growing application of digital processing techniques in cancer detection as well as elsewhere in medicine. This book is an essential tool for students and professionals, compiling and explaining proven and cutting-edge methods in pattern recognition for medical imaging. - New edition has been expanded to cover signal analysis, which was only superficially covered in the first edition - New chapters cover Cluster Validity Techniques, Computer-Aided Diagnosis Systems in Breast MRI, Spatio-Temporal Models in Functional, Contrast-Enhanced and Perfusion Cardiovascular MRI - Gives readers an unparalleled insight into the latest pattern recognition and signal analysis technologies, modeling, and applications
A compelling and compassionate case study approach to a broad range of neuropsychological disorders Neuropsychological Assessment and Intervention for Childhood and Adolescent Disorders focuses on the neuropsychological assessment and evidence-based practices available for assessing and treating children living with the etiological and neurological components of various disorders. Each chapter provides one or more case studies along with helpful background information, assessment results, and recommendations based on assessment data. Bridging science and practice, the book reviews the scientific literature, research on clinical implications, and evidence-based treatment of such disorders as: Dyslexia and Dyscalculia Specific Language Impairment/Dysphasia Autism Spectrum Disorders Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Tourette Syndrome Traumatic Brain Injury Childhood Cancer Epilepsy Cerebrovascular Disease Low Birth Weight Environmental Toxin Exposure Neurotoxins, Pregnancy, and Subsequent Disorders Chromosomal Anomalies Neurocutaneous Disorders Metabolic Disorders Each case study complements the content of each chapter by illustrating how the assessment process can inform intervention efforts for children. In addition, the cases humanize the effects of various disorders and demonstrate the usefulness of neuropsychological information in treatment and intervention planning, especially within children's educational and social contexts.
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