Neuropeptides mediate their effects by binding and activating receptors that are responsible for converting these extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses. Most neuropeptides interact with G protein-coupled receptors that transduce the signal by activating heterotrimeric G proteins leading to alterations in second messenger systems to amplify the signal and elicit the intracellular response. In this review, we describe the general structure of G protein-coupled receptors including the information obtained from crystal structure determination that has given an insight into the activation mechanism of these receptors. In addition, we summarize the components of the signal transduction system (including G proteins, effectors and second messengers generally activated by the neuropeptide receptors). Using select examples of neuropeptide-receptor systems, we highlight the neuropeptides and corresponding receptors involved in modulation of pain and analgesia, body weight regulation, and hormonal regulation. Finally, we discuss the enzyme-linked tyrosine kinase receptors activated by growth factors and discuss the emerging concepts in targeting neuropeptide receptors for the identification of novel therapeutics targeting these systems. Table of Contents: Abbreviations / Overview of Neuropeptide Receptors / G Protein-Coupled Receptors: General Structure & Function / G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling / Neuropeptide Processing and Regulation / Neuropeptide Receptors / Perspectives / References
Neuropeptides mediate their effects by binding and activating receptors that are responsible for converting these extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses. Most neuropeptides interact with G protein-coupled receptors that transduce the signal by activating heterotrimeric G proteins leading to alterations in second messenger systems to amplify the signal and elicit the intracellular response. In this review, we describe the general structure of G protein-coupled receptors including the information obtained from crystal structure determination that has given an insight into the activation mechanism of these receptors. In addition, we summarize the components of the signal transduction system (including G proteins, effectors and second messengers generally activated by the neuropeptide receptors). Using select examples of neuropeptide-receptor systems, we highlight the neuropeptides and corresponding receptors involved in modulation of pain and analgesia, body weight regulation, and hormonal regulation. Finally, we discuss the enzyme-linked tyrosine kinase receptors activated by growth factors and discuss the emerging concepts in targeting neuropeptide receptors for the identification of novel therapeutics targeting these systems. Table of Contents: Abbreviations / Overview of Neuropeptide Receptors / G Protein-Coupled Receptors: General Structure & Function / G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling / Neuropeptide Processing and Regulation / Neuropeptide Receptors / Perspectives / References
Human reliability is an issue that is increasingly discussed in the process and manufacturing industries to check factors that influence operator performance and trigger errors. Human Factor and Reliability Analysis to Prevent Losses in Industrial Processes: An Operational Culture Perspective provides a multidisciplinary analysis of work concepts and environments to reduce human error and prevent material, energy, image, and time losses. The book presents a methodology for the quantification and investigation of human reliability, and verification of the influence of human factors in the generation of process losses, consisting of the following steps: contextualization, data collection, and results; performing task and loss observation; socio-technical variable analyses; and data processing. Investigating human reliability, concepts, and models in situations of human error in practice, the book identifies where low reliability occurs and then visualizes where and how to perform an intervention. This guide is an excellent resource for professionals in chemical, petrochemical, oil, and nuclear industries for managing and analyzing safety and loss risks and for students in chemical and process engineering. Relates human reliability to the environment, leadership, decision models, possible mistakes and successes, mental map constructions, and organizational cultures Provides techniques for the diagnosis of human and operational reliability Gives examples of the application of methodologies in the stage of diagnosis and program construction Discusses competences for the analysis of process losses in industry Investigates real-life situations where human errors cause losses Includes practical examples and case studies
In Person: Reenactment in Postwar and Contemporary Cinema delineates a new performative genre based on replay and self-awareness. The book argues that in-person reenactment, an actual person reenacting her past on camera, departs radically from other modes of mimetic reconstruction. In Person theorizes this figure's protean temporality and revisionist capabilities and it considers its import in terms of social representativity and exemplarity. Close readings of select, historicized examples define an alternate, confessional-performative vein to understand the self-reflexive nature of postwar and post-holocaust testimonial cinemas. The book contextualizes Zavattini's proposal that in neorealism everyone should act his own story in a sort of anti-individualist, public display (Love in the City and We the Women). It checks the convergence between verit experiments, a heightened self-critique in France and the reception of psychodrama in France (Chronicle of a summer and The Human Pyramid) in the late fifties. And, through Bazin, it reflects on the quandaries of celebrity biopics: how the circularity of the star's iconography is checked by her corporeal limits (Sophia her Own Story and the docudrama Torero ). In Person traces a shift from the exemplary and transformative ethos of fifties reenactment towards the un-redemptive stance of contemporary reenactment films such as Lanzmann's Shoah, Zhang Yuan's Sons, Andrea Tonacci's Hills of Chaos. It defines continuities between verite testimony (Chronicle, and Moi un Noir) and later para-juridical films such as the Karski Report and Rithy Panh's S21, the Khmer Rouge Killing Machine suggesting the power of co-presence and in person actualization for an ethics of viewership.
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