Ivar Kolstad's Books

Lowering Barriers to Agricultural Exports Through Technical Assistance

By: Arne Wiig,Ivar Kolstad,Chr. Michelsen Institute,Chr. Michelsens institutt. Development Studies and Human Rights

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Lowering Barriers to Agricultural Exports Through Technical Assistance

By: Arne Wiig,Ivar Kolstad,Chr. Michelsen Institute,Chr. Michelsens institutt. Development Studies and Human Rights

Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) regulations imposed by the developed world, significantly reduse the export opportunities of developing countries. Under the SPS Agreement, developed countries are obliged to provide technical assistance to developing countries, to help them meet SPS requirements. A survey of providers of technical assistance reveals, however, that assistance is allocated in an ad hoc manner. This article argues for a more systematic allocation of technical assistance to developing countries, based on relevant data and comparisons of benefits and costs of different kinds of capacity building. Data is presented which highlights the major problems of developing countries in exporting to the European Union, complementing earlier studies of exports to the United States.

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ISBN 10

8280620540

ISBN 13

9788280620545

Bribes, Taxes and Regulations

Business Constraints for Micro Enterprises in Tanzania

By: Odd-Helge Fjeldstad,Ivar Kolstad,Knut Nygaard,Chr. Michelsen Institute

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Bribes, Taxes and Regulations

Business Constraints for Micro Enterprises in Tanzania

By: Odd-Helge Fjeldstad,Ivar Kolstad,Knut Nygaard,Chr. Michelsen Institute

This paper analyses the business environment for micro enterprises in Tanzania based on survey data. The primary objective of the study is to identify major constraints facing the firms' business operations. Taxation, corruption, and regulations in the form of licences and permits, are found to be the most important constraints on business operations. Reported constraints vary according to firm characteristics such as age, location, education and gender of the owner. Contrary to previous studies and current policies, financial constraints and property rights are not perceived as important constraints.

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ISBN 10

8280621350

ISBN 13

9788280621351

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Services

By: Ivar Kolstad,Espen Villanger,Chr. Michelsens institutt. Development Studies and Human Rights

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Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Services

By: Ivar Kolstad,Espen Villanger,Chr. Michelsens institutt. Development Studies and Human Rights

References pp. 20-23.

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ISBN 10

8280620753

ISBN 13

9788280620750

A Cost-benefit Framework for Allocating SPS-related Technical Assistance

By: Ivar Kolstad,Arne Wiig,Chr. Michelsens institutt

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A Cost-benefit Framework for Allocating SPS-related Technical Assistance

By: Ivar Kolstad,Arne Wiig,Chr. Michelsens institutt

Sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures designed to protect human, animal and plant health, constitute a significant barrier to exports of agricultural products from developing countries. Though the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures places restrictions on SPS measures, regulations in major import markets are extremely complex and compliance beyond the means of many exporting countries. This report argues that for technical assistance to effectively redress the undesirable consequences of SPS measures, a cost-benefit framework should govern the allocation of assistance. To map the major SPS-related problems of developing countries, a set of indicators is suggested, consisting of reported problems and needs, inspection reports and third country lists, and detentions and alerts. For the capacity building needs thus uncovered, funds should be allocated to projects where the effect per dollar spent is the greatest, i.e. where the ratio of benefits to costs is the highest. Given the focus of SPS-related technical assistance, it is appropriate to measure benefits as export revenue generated, adjusted for differences in development. For compliance costs, suitable methods of calculation are reviewed.

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ISBN 10

8280620389

ISBN 13

9788280620385

Autonomy, Incentives and Patronage

A Study of Corruption in the Tanzania and Uganda Revenue Authorities

By: Odd-Helge Fjeldstad,Ivar Kolstad,Siri Lange

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Autonomy, Incentives and Patronage

A Study of Corruption in the Tanzania and Uganda Revenue Authorities

By: Odd-Helge Fjeldstad,Ivar Kolstad,Siri Lange

The report explores factors that explain the observed patterns of corruption within the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) and the Uganda Revenue Authority (URA). In particular, the study discusses the key assumptions behind the revenue authority model and the relevance of these in an African context characterised by scarcity of qualified tax officers, accountants and auditors, as well as clientilistic networks between political, bureaucratic and economic agents. Based on this analysis and in light of existing political, economic and administrative constraints, the study identifies options available for sustainable tax administrative reforms in the two countries. Issues of particular relevance for foreign assistance towards fighting fiscal corruption and strengthening tax administration are highlighted.

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ISBN 10

8280620621

ISBN 13

9788280620620

Book's by Ivar Kolstad

Lowering Barriers to Agricultural Exports Through Technical Assistance

Lowering Barriers to Agricultural Exports Through Technical Assistance

Bribes, Taxes and Regulations

Bribes, Taxes and Regulations

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Services

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Services

A Cost-benefit Framework for Allocating SPS-related Technical Assistance

A Cost-benefit Framework for Allocating SPS-related Technical Assistance

Autonomy, Incentives and Patronage

Autonomy, Incentives and Patronage

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