Transforming NATO: New Allies, Missions, and Capabilities, by Ivan Dinev Ivanov, examines the three dimensions of NATO’s transformation since the end of the Cold War: the addition of a dozen new allies; the undertaking of new missions such as peacekeeping, crisis response, and stabilization; and the development of new capabilities to implement these missions. The book explains these processes through two mutually reinforcing frameworks: club goods theory and the concept of complementarities. NATO can be viewed as a diverse, heterogeneous club of nations providing collective defense to its members, who, in turn, combine their military resources in a way that enables them to optimize the Alliance’s capabilities needed for overseas operations. Transforming NATO makes a number of theoretical contributions. First, it offers new insights into understanding how heterogeneous clubs operate. Second, it introduces a novel concept, that of complementarities. Finally, it re-evaluates the relevance of club goods theory as a framework for studying contemporary international security. These conceptual foundations apply to areas well beyond NATO. They provide useful insights into understanding the operation of transatlantic relations, alliance politics, anda broader set of international coalitions and partnerships.
Now for the first time, one comprehensive book summarizes and analyzes the numerous scientific papers and reviews covering selected aspects of the structure, biological activities, and clinical effects of immune interferon, also known as interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma). Immune Interferon: Properties and Clinical Applications is essential reading for an
Document from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 8, Maastricht University, language: English, abstract: We go back to the year 1997 – the year in which two companies, a base metal company and a electricity company, several development banks and government development organizations, commercial banks and governments itself are in talks about the building of a new aluminum smelter in Mozambique. The project US dollar (USD) volume amounts to a total of $1.4 billion USD. Mozambique is one of the poorest countries in sub-Saharan Africa, which just recently ended their civil war. Additionally, Mozambique has the lowest per capita GDP of $90 USD a year in their peer group, a debt burden resulting from the previous civil war years of 355% of GDP. It ranks 166 out of 174 countries in the United Nations Human Development index. Eskom, a south-African energy company, which supplies 95% of the energy in south-Africa and 50% of the continents power, wanted to establish hydroelectric generators at the Zamibi river and rebuild the worn out electricity network, to supply power at competitive prices. The cooperation of Eskom and Alusaf secured Eskom a buyer for its excess power and Alusaf secured a critical factor of production at competitive prices. Alusaf, an aluminum subsidiary of Glencore, a south-African company operating in the precious metals and base metals industry, and IDC, a governmental owned development bank, are the main sponsors with an equal $125 million USD investment each. (A $125 million USD investment, amounts to 8.92% of the project value and 25% of total equity). The project is supposed to be financed with a 50% debt and 50% equity. Alusaf already built and operated a larger project of the same type, an aluminum smelter with double the volume – the Hillside smelter in Richards Bay with a yearly capacity of 500,000 tons. It accomplished it 21% below budget and 4 months before planned completion.
This open access book offers a timely snapshot of Augmented Reality (AR) technology, with an emphasis on its application within the mechanical and manufacturing engineering domains, for both educational and industrial purposes. Reporting on the experience of the authors, the book introduces readers to the principles of product design, with an emphasis on modern strategies and approaches for user-centered design, creativity, and design for manufacturing and sustainability. It guides to the application augmented reality and visualization techniques in the design process. In turn, it describes an AR mobile application developed by the authors to transform 2D drawings into dynamic 3D objects. The book also includes exercises. All in all, this book offers a practice-oriented guide to Augmented Reality applications in mechanical engineering and education, addressing advanced undergraduate students, lecturers, and professionals in the engineering field. This is an open access book.
The book traces the history of communist Bulgaria from 1944 to 1989. A detailed narrative-cum-study of the history of a political system, it provides a chronological overview of the building of the socialist state from the ground up, its entrenchment into the peaceful routine of everyday life, its inner crises, and its gradual decline and self-destruction. The book is the definitive and the most complete guide to Bulgaria under communism and how the communist system operates on a day-to-day level.
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