This book reports on an original approach to problems of loci. It shows how the theory of mechanisms can be used to address the locus problem. It describes the study of different loci, with an emphasis on those of triangle and quadrilateral, but not limited to them. Thanks to a number of original drawings, the book helps to visualize different type of loci, which can be treated as curves, and shows how to create new ones, including some aesthetic ones, by changing some parameters of the equivalent mechanisms. Further, the book includes a theoretical discussion on the synthesis of mechanisms, giving some important insights into the correlation between the generation of trajectories by mechanisms and the synthesis of those mechanisms when the trajectory is given, and presenting approximate solutions to this problem. Based on the authors’ many years of research and on their extensive knowledge concerning the theory of mechanisms, and bridging between geometry and mechanics, this book offers a unique guide to mechanical engineers and engineering designers, mathematicians, as well as industrial and graphic designers, and students in the above-mentioned fields alike.
This book focuses on important mathematical considerations in describing the synthesis of original mechanisms for generating curves. The synthesis is manual and not based on the use of computer tools. Kinematics is applied to confirm the drawing of the curves, and the closed loop method, and in some cases the distances method, is applied in this phase. The book provides all the notions of structure and kinematics that are necessary to calculate the mechanisms and also analyzes other kinematic possibilities of the created mechanisms. Offering a concise, yet self-contained guide to the mathematical fundamentals for mechanisms of curve generation, together with a useful collection of mechanisms exercises, the book is intended for students learning about mechanism kinematics, as well as engineers dealing with mechanism design and analysis. It is based on the authors’ many years of research, which has been published in different books and journals, mainly, but not exclusively, in Romanian.
This book is a very timely account of the legal, economic and political consequences for border states caught in the current tug-of-war between the West and Russia.The Ukraine crisis of 2014 focused policy-makers’ attention on a geographical area full of dangers that had gone relatively unnoticed since the breakup of the Soviet Union, namely the security dynamics of the border states of Eastern Europe and the Black Sea. Twenty-five years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, a strong Russia returns alternatively threatening and cajoling, but at risk itself of suffering economic injury from western reprisals over its nostalgia for the map drawn at Yalta. That conflict, which hotted up over the Ukraine, was soon being played out over - and in the air space over - Syria and Turkey, while the border states themselves are likely to be drawn into the European refugee crisis and have the potential, after the 2015 Paris atrocities, to be breeding grounds for international terrorists. This groundbreaking book contains prescient warnings that must be heeded by leaders and diplomats on both sides of the East-West divide.
Time delays are important components of many systems in, for instance, engineering, physics, economics, and the life sciences, because the transfer of material, energy, and information is usually not instantaneous. Time delays may appear as computation and communication lags, they model transport phenomena and heredity, and they arise as feedback delays in control loops. This monograph addresses the problem of stability analysis, stabilization, and robust fixed-order control of dynamical systems subject to delays, including both retarded- and neutral-type systems. Within the eigenvalue-based framework, an overall solution is given to the stability analysis, stabilization, and robust control design problem, using both analytical methods and numerical algorithms and applicable to a broad class of linear time-delay systems. In this revised edition, the authors make the leap from stabilization to the design of robust and optimal controllers and from retarded-type to neutral-type delay systems, thus enlarging the scope of the book within control; include new, state-of-the-art material on numerical methods and algorithms to broaden the book?s focus and to reach additional research communities, in particular numerical linear algebra and numerical optimization; and increase the number and range of applications to better illustrate the effectiveness and generality of their approach.
This study discusses salient trends demonstrated by contemporary warfare of these first years of the 21st century. The authors reinforce previous notions of Fourth Generation Warfare, but most importantly explore the workings of new components and how these have modified the theory and practice of warfare beyond the basic divisions of conventional and unconventional warfare as witnessed in the preceding century. Throughout history there has been a close interaction between politics, communication and armed conflict and a main line of investigation of this book is to track changes that are presumed to have occurred in the way and manner in which armed conflicts are waged. Using cogent examples drawn variously from conflicts of the Arab Spring, the Islamic State and Russian adventurism in South Ossetia, Crimea and Eastern Ukraine, the authors demonstrate the application of Information Warfare, the practice of Hybrid Warfare, and offensive use of diplomacy, communications, economics and international law to obtain political and military advantages against the status quo states of the international community. The authors combine a theoretical framework with concrete empirical examples in order to create a better understanding and comprehension of the current events and processes that shape the character of contemporary armed conflicts and how they are informed and perceived in a highly mediatised and politicised world.
In this book, the authors propose efficient characterizations of the non-convex regions that appear in many control problems, such as those involving collision/obstacle avoidance and, in a broader sense, in the description of feasible sets for optimization-based control design involving contradictory objectives. The text deals with a large class of systems that require the solution of appropriate optimization problems over a feasible region, which is neither convex nor compact. The proposed approach uses the combinatorial notion of hyperplane arrangement, partitioning the space by a finite collection of hyperplanes, to describe non-convex regions efficiently. Mixed-integer programming techniques are then applied to propose acceptable formulations of the overall problem. Multiple constructions may arise from the same initial problem, and their complexity under various parameters - space dimension, number of binary variables, etc. - is also discussed. This book is a useful tool for academic researchers and graduate students interested in non-convex systems working in control engineering area, mobile robotics and/or optimal planning and decision-making.
This game-changing, reader-friendly book provides a more precise definition of idioms, along with new classifications of them. It eliminates fixed phrases such as phrasal verbs, collocations, slang, and proverbs from the class of idioms, while including two major new categories: similidioms and irony-based idiom sentences (IBISes). As a matter of fact, similidioms (basically, idioms in the form of a simile) have been there probably since the beginning of our history as being capable of speaking, but they have not been revealed, until now. Starting from the observation that the production of idioms in any language is influenced by the technological advance of society, the book takes two of the most productive lexico-semantic categories of idioms in both English and Romanian—crazy and stupid idioms—and provides, for the first time, their classification according to their topic and pattern, in an intriguing contrastive approach. Well-documented and not lacking a subtle sense of humour, the book not only opens new perspectives for researchers in the field, but will also captivate the general reader interested in finding out more about the expressions they use every day.
Lucrarea Wave Optics – Practical Works, Exercises and Problems reprezintă un suport de laborator necesar cursului de Optică din anul II de studiu de la Facultatea de Fizică, Universitatea din București, de la modulul cu predare în limba engleză. Este o lucrare binevenită pentru studenți, deoarece este prima dată când lucrările de laborator de optică ondulatorie sunt prezentate în limba engleză. Cartea prezintă temele de laborator într-un mod atractiv și este bogat ilustrată cu figuri care ajută la o mai bună înțelegere a subiectului. Fiecare lucrare de laborator are o introducere teoretică clară și bine expusă, însoțită atât de date istorice, cât și de demonstrații matematice complete, o descriere a dispozitivului experimental și un mod de lucru detaliat. Anexele cuprind materiale suplimentare necesare interpretării rezultatelor. Pe lângă lucrările de laborator, cartea mai include și o serie de probleme de interferență, difracție și polarizare care permit o mai bună aprofundare a acestor fenomene.
This book reports on an original approach to problems of loci. It shows how the theory of mechanisms can be used to address the locus problem. It describes the study of different loci, with an emphasis on those of triangle and quadrilateral, but not limited to them. Thanks to a number of original drawings, the book helps to visualize different type of loci, which can be treated as curves, and shows how to create new ones, including some aesthetic ones, by changing some parameters of the equivalent mechanisms. Further, the book includes a theoretical discussion on the synthesis of mechanisms, giving some important insights into the correlation between the generation of trajectories by mechanisms and the synthesis of those mechanisms when the trajectory is given, and presenting approximate solutions to this problem. Based on the authors’ many years of research and on their extensive knowledge concerning the theory of mechanisms, and bridging between geometry and mechanics, this book offers a unique guide to mechanical engineers and engineering designers, mathematicians, as well as industrial and graphic designers, and students in the above-mentioned fields alike.
This book focuses on important mathematical considerations in describing the synthesis of original mechanisms for generating curves. The synthesis is manual and not based on the use of computer tools. Kinematics is applied to confirm the drawing of the curves, and the closed loop method, and in some cases the distances method, is applied in this phase. The book provides all the notions of structure and kinematics that are necessary to calculate the mechanisms and also analyzes other kinematic possibilities of the created mechanisms. Offering a concise, yet self-contained guide to the mathematical fundamentals for mechanisms of curve generation, together with a useful collection of mechanisms exercises, the book is intended for students learning about mechanism kinematics, as well as engineers dealing with mechanism design and analysis. It is based on the authors’ many years of research, which has been published in different books and journals, mainly, but not exclusively, in Romanian.
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