This chapter covers all aspects of spaceport design for safety. This includes the choice of launch site, and explores the approach taken when choosing a location for the French Guiana Space Centre. Once the choice of geographical location has been made, the principles for the deployment these facilities in this location must be defined - the master plan. The chapter then looks at ground safety and the regulations concerned, and goes on to discuss the flight risk control within a launch site perimeter during a launch operation. Safety design for a spaceport includes limiting exposure of personnel in hazard zones. The location and design of buildings and roadways, and safety distances all need to be considered. Lightning protection systems are discussed in detail. Launch pad escape systems are essential for human spaceflight and the development of these systems is covered. The final section covers environmental protection.
The safety of any space system requires a deliberate and interdisciplinary integration of the flight hardware design with the design of its operations throughout the entire lifecycle of the system. This chapter introduces the subsequent chapters that more thoroughly address safety issues associated with the operations of space vehicles, from the design of the infrastructure on ground, through launch, on-orbit, and re-entry operations. This chapter begins with a discussion of safety and risk management at the conceptual level, including several fundamental goals and definitions. The balance of the chapter describes several seminal events and lays the foundation for a graduate level education in space operations safety.
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