In 1665 an anonymous treatise on magic, by magicians, was added to a book skeptical of witchcraft, "The Discoverie of Witchcraft". The "Magitians Discovered" series examines that anonymous material. This volume contains texts that are foundational for understanding that material, plus texts that are related to the arguments about the material made in the first volume. These texts include selections from Henry Cornelius Agrippa's "Three Books of Occult Philosophy", about the theory and practice of magic; selections from his "Fourth Book"; selections from Olaus Magnus' "Description of the Northern Peoples" about pagan customs, giants, standing stones, witches, and related topics; selections from Robert Burton's "Anatomy of Melancholy" that deal with magic; selections from Isaac La Peyrère's "Prae-Adamitae" which deal with magic and hermeticism; selections from John Dee's writings from "A True and Faithful Relation" that deal with the nature of the aerial spirits; selections from Robert Kirk's "Secret Commonwealth of Elves, Fauns, and Fairies", and more.
This book presents an important new account of Johann Gottlieb Fichte's Closed Commercial State, a major early nineteenth-century development of Rousseau and Kant's political thought. Isaac Nakhimovsky shows how Fichte reformulated Rousseau's constitutional politics and radicalized the economic implications of Kant's social contract theory with his defense of the right to work. Nakhimovsky argues that Fichte's sequel to Rousseau and Kant's writings on perpetual peace represents a pivotal moment in the intellectual history of the pacification of the West. Fichte claimed that Europe could not transform itself into a peaceful federation of constitutional republics unless economic life could be disentangled from the competitive dynamics of relations between states, and he asserted that this disentanglement required transitioning to a planned and largely self-sufficient national economy, made possible by a radical monetary policy. Fichte's ideas have resurfaced with nearly every crisis of globalization from the Napoleonic wars to the present, and his book remains a uniquely systematic and complete discussion of what John Maynard Keynes later termed "national self-sufficiency." Fichte's provocative contribution to the social contract tradition reminds us, Nakhimovsky concludes, that the combination of a liberal theory of the state with an open economy and international system is a much more contingent and precarious outcome than many recent theorists have tended to assume.
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