Building Global Infrastructure is the fourth in a series of volumes-Patterns of Potential Human Progress-that uses the International Futures (IFs) simulation model to explore prospects for human development: how development appears to be unfolding globally and locally, how we would like it to evolve, and how better to assure that we move it in desired directions. Earlier volumes addressed the reduction of global poverty, the advance of global education, and the improvement of global health. Volume 4 sets out to tell the story of the future of global infrastructure. The approach used in this book focuses on the question of whether individual societies will be able to meet future infrastructure demands. Related questions include the following: * What is the range of realistically conceivable futures for infrastructure, considering both demand and supply? * How are the demands for infrastructure balanced with the ability to meet these demands, thereby linking the physical and financial treatment of infrastructure? * What are the effects of providing for infrastructure on issues such as economic productivity and health?
This book provides a local journalist’s perspective on a four-decade long regional contribution to global news production. It shows how the fixers’ risky news pursuits made possible for global media to access distant regions and dangerous caves on Pakistan and Afghanistan borders, causing unprecedented deaths of the local reporters in the context of the U.S-led war on terror. The book analyzes the fixer as a role in its relationship with militarization. It is not a coincidence that fixers become valuable to commercial media only during the height of violence or crises. Emerging under conditions of scarcity or war, the value of this role, in turn, is intrinsically tied to the fear of extinction. It is this vulnerability or perceived expendability— imposed by the need to find work—that binds fixers in a symbiotic relationship with global market and global war. This book, then, serves as a vantage point from which one can clearly see the connection between the regional wars and commercial media, as well as local journalists’ transformation into daily wage earners in a global media shift toward neoliberalism.
This is the first volume in an ambitious new series-"Patterns of Potential Human Progress"-inspired by the UN Millennium Development Goals (MGDs) and other initiatives to improve the global condition. The first and most fundamental of these goals-reducing poverty worldwide-is the focus of this book. Using the large-scale computer program called International Futures (IFs) developed over three decades at the prestigious University of Denver Graduate School of International Studies, this book explores the most extensive set of forecasts of global poverty ever made-providing a wide range of scenarios based on an authoritative array of data. It transcends the "$1 a day" baseline measure of poverty and probes important concepts like income poverty gaps and relative poverty. The forecasts are long-term, looking 50 years into the future, far beyond the 2015 date set out by the MDGs. They are geographically rich, spanning the entire globe and drilling down to the country level, including one of the most important global focal points, India. The poverty forecasts in this book, and all the volumes in the series, are fully integrated in perspective across a wide range of human development arenas including demographics, economics, politics, agriculture, energy, and the environment. Full of colorful, thoughtfully designed graphs, tables, maps, and other visual presentations of data and forecasts, this large-format inaugural volume ensures that the "Patterns of Potential Human Progress" series will become an indispensable resource for every development professional, student, professor, library, and indeed, country around the world.
Education is one of the most fundamental prerequisites to economic growth and social stability in the world. It is also one of the most inadequately realised goals of development, with the average education of global adults remaining essentially at primary levels. Advancing Global Education is the second in a series of volumes that explores prospects for human development-how development appears to be unfolding globally and locally, how we would like it to evolve, and how better to assure that we move it in desired directions. The first volume addressed the reduction of global poverty. The third will turn to the enhancement of global health. Advancing Global Education presents the most extensive set of forecasts of global education participation and attainment levels to date-providing and exploring a massive, multi-issue database and proposing a scenario for accelerating educational attainment throughout major world regions and 183 countries.
In this book Dr. Irfan Ul Haq examines the primary sources of Islam to extract and formalize from them the Islamic economic doctrines as well as the sociopolitical framework which guides the development of society. In particular, emphasis is placed on the problems of poverty, unemployment and lack of human resource development. What the study suggests is that if Islam is properly studied through an idealistic-rational integrated methodology and understood in its spirit and purposes, it reveals a core set of permanent values and principles that form the fixed dimension of Islam which then are applicable to virtually all human situations of society, polity and economy in all space-and-time. It is this in-built dynamism of Islam, demonstrated here with historical examples, that is utilized in approaching and providing solutions to contemporary economic problems and issues. Written for students of social science and economics and students of Islam. Economic Doctrines of Islam nevertheless addresses itself to all such individuals who are interested in seeking divine guidance in the realm of ethical social and economic development of human societies at large.
A leading Islamic finance banker sheds light on an industry with growing global influence: “A superb introduction to a fascinating subject” (Financial Times) A trillion-dollar financial industry has revolutionized the global economy. Governments and corporations across the Islamic world have turned to finance that complies with Shari‘a law in order to fund economic growth. Even in the West, Islamic finance became an important alternative source of funding when the conventional finance industry was reeling from the effects of the financial crisis. From its origins in the seventh century, Islamic finance has sought to develop core ethical principles that are based in the foundations of Islam and Shari‘a. But with an increasing Western interest, is it able to remain true to the principles of its faith? Can it maintain its ideals of social justice? Or is Islamic finance guilty of the very dangers it seeks to avoid. In Heaven's Bankers, Harris Irfan, one of the world's leading Islamic finance bankers, gives unparalleled insight into the heart of this secretive industry. From his personal experience of working with leading bankers, scholars and lawyers, he debunks the myths of Islamic banking, analyzes its greatest deals, and looks to the future of a system that has reprioritized the very nature of money itself.
Recentering the Sufi Shrine is a study of ritual, Sufi eschatology, and vernacular theopoetics of pilgrimage to Sufi shrines in the Indus region of Pakistan. The book examines the distinction between two different ritual contestations over pilgrimage to Sufi tombs: (1) an exposition of Ṭariqa-i Muhammadiyya’s millenarian Scripturalist reform of Sufism, and (2) Bulleh Shah’s (d. 1767) vernacular Sufism, a hard-hitting Sufi-poet of textual ("bookish") knowledge of religious scholars. This is the first work examining the legal theology of ritual intervention in using scripture to regulate the resurrected bodies of saints, on the one hand, and the ritual metaphysics of presence in understanding the significance and meaning of Sufi shrines, on the other.
In this book Dr. Irfan Ul Haq examines the primary sources of Islam to extract and formalize from them the Islamic economic doctrines as well as the sociopolitical framework which guides the development of society. In particular, emphasis is placed on the problems of poverty, unemployment and lack of human resource development. What the study suggests is that if Islam is properly studied through an idealistic-rational integrated methodology and understood in its spirit and purposes, it reveals a core set of permanent values and principles that form the fixed dimension of Islam which then are applicable to virtually all human situations of society, polity and economy in all space-and-time. It is this in-built dynamism of Islam, demonstrated here with historical examples, that is utilized in approaching and providing solutions to contemporary economic problems and issues. Written for students of social science and economics and students of Islam. Economic Doctrines of Islam nevertheless addresses itself to all such individuals who are interested in seeking divine guidance in the realm of ethical social and economic development of human societies at large.
This book discusses the perceptions of staff and students with regards to the policy and practice of English as the medium of instruction (EMI) in Pakistani universities. Findings from qualitative and quantitative data collected in two public universities are compared to identify perceptions of problems concerning English as a medium of instruction for postgraduate study. The research also examines participants’ attitudes towards the use of Pakistani English (PakE), a distinct variety of English different from other dialects such as American English and British English in its various linguistic features, in higher education settings. The findings explore the gap between the policy and practice of EMI, and expose various multi-layered and inevitable issues.
Irfan Ahmad makes the far-reaching argument that potent systems and modes for self-critique as well as critique of others are inherent in Islam--indeed, critique is integral to its fundamental tenets and practices. Challenging common views of Islam as hostile to critical thinking, Ahmad delineates thriving traditions of critique in Islamic culture, focusing in large part on South Asian traditions. Ahmad interrogates Greek and Enlightenment notions of reason and critique, and he notes how they are invoked in relation to "others," including Muslims. Drafting an alternative genealogy of critique in Islam, Ahmad reads religious teachings and texts, drawing on sources in Hindi, Urdu, Farsi, and English, and demonstrates how they serve as expressions of critique. Throughout, he depicts Islam as an agent, not an object, of critique. On a broader level, Ahmad expands the idea of critique itself. Drawing on his fieldwork among marketplace hawkers in Delhi and Aligarh, he construes critique anthropologically as a sociocultural activity in the everyday lives of ordinary Muslims, beyond the world of intellectuals. Religion as Critique allows space for new theoretical considerations of modernity and change, taking on such salient issues as nationhood, women's equality, the state, culture, democracy, and secularism.
At the beginning of the seventh century AD the geographical region that covered mostly the Arabian peninsula carried a society of disunited tribes who for centuries had been involved in an established tradition of warfare, idol worship and other ignoble behaviors. It was the period of Jehaliya means ignorance, immorality and lawlessness. Although the Arabs of that time had engaged in commerce outside Arabia, they were little influenced except of the idol worship which too was rampant in those areas. The Byzantines and Sasanians that dominated around Arabia had little impact upon them. Suddenly an incredible divine message loomed large on the horizon. It came through a person named Muhammad (pbuh) at Mecca a town in western Arabia. He called for monotheism, moral reform and submission to the will of God The message ran for twenty three years as embodied in a a book called Qur'an. The Prophet Muhammad did not profess to perform miracles except that of the Qur'an which was revealed to him in perfect Arabic through the Angel Gabriel despite being unable to read and write. That is to say, he was not a conscious performer of miracles. His life reflected the eternal truth which in itself is the greatest miracle. The book hitherto compiled presents a historical synopsis of the period of his life.
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